| 词条 | Changhe | |||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Jiangxi Changhe Automobile Co Ltd | logo = Changhe-new-logo.png | logo_size = 250px | type = Subsidiary | foundation = {{Start date and age|1970}}[1] | location = Jingdezhen, Jiangxi, China[1] | area_served=China | parent =BAIC (70%[3]), Jiangxi Provincial State-owned Enterprise Assets Operation (Holdings) Co. (30%)[1] | homepage = changheauto.com }}{{Chinese|title=Jiangxi Changhe Automobile Co Ltd|s=江西昌河汽车有限责任公司|t=江西昌河汽車有限責任公司|p=Jiāngxī Chānghé Qìchē Yǒuxiàn Zérèn Gōngsī|altname=trading name|order=st}}Changhe, officially Jiangxi Changhe Automobile Co Ltd, is a Chinese automobile manufacturer based in Jingdezhen, Jiangxi province, China.[2] Currently a majority-owned subsidiary of a large, state-owned automaker, BAIC,[1] Changhe was previously engaged in a joint venture with Suzuki Motor Corporation of Japan,[7] and some of the products it manufactures carry the Suzuki brand. It may be{{citation needed|date=May 2018}} partner in the lesser of the two Suzuki joint ventures in China, and in the span of six years from 2008-2014 Changhe underwent a series of ownership changes and mergers that saw it transform from a subsidiary of a sedentary maker of military aircraft to a neglected division of a struggling, second-rate automaker (Chang'an)already overburdened with excess production lines for Suzuki microvans at a time when consumers in third- and fourth-tier cities were snapping up cheap and cheerful sedans and hatchbacks. As of 2014, Changhe's prospects look brighter having been merged with a different state-owned automaker (BAIC) serving first-tier cities but looking to expand into the faster growing interior of the country. Making passenger cars and microvans, small trucks and vans for commercial purposes,[7] Changhe has an estimated 200,000 (227,000[3] to 260,000[2]) units/year production capacity as of 2010.[7] Production capacity figures may consider engines and vehicles as discrete. HistoryA subsidiary of the Aviation Industry Corporation of China (AVIC) until 2010,[7] perhaps{{citation needed|date=May 2018}} it was the dictate of the Chinese government that prompted a large, state-owned automaker to take Changhe under its wing in a 2009 merger.[4] Between that year and 2013, Chang'an held ownership of the company but was unable to boost growth prompting another merger with a more competent, state-owned partner, BAIC.[1] Having always been a smaller, dynamic vehicle manufacturer, Changhe was well established by 1973,{{Citation needed|date=January 2011}} the year trial production of buses began.[2] Originally only making buses, the introduction of a small passenger vehicle (the Suzuki Carry ST90V) began in 1982 and sparked a long relationship with this Japanese automaker.[5] Currently, Changhe companies make both Suzuki and Changhe-branded vehicles. In 1995,[2] it entered a legal partnership with Suzuki forming a joint venture, Jiangxi Changhe-Suzuki Automobile Co Ltd.[6] This JV does not make all the Suzuki-branded automobiles sold on the Chinese market as some are produced by another Chinese joint venture, Changan Suzuki. Imported models are marketed by Suzuki Motor (China) Investment Co Ltd.[7] Suzuki may currently be unhappy with its Chinese partners. Despite being an early entrant in the Chinese auto market, this Japanese company has lackluster sales in the country.[8] Suzuki's efforts to change the situation by merging its two joint ventures—since Chinese business law does not allow any foreign company more than two—have so far been stymied by its Chinese partners, who instead hope Suzuki will improve their situation.[9] The Chinese State may also not want new foreign-Chinese joint auto-making ventures at this time.[10] An effort to sell the entire Suzuki model range at unified dealerships fell through in 2008.[11] (This may have been tried again in 2010.)[12] {{Multiple image | align = left | header = Changhe-Suzuki Big Dipper X5(北斗星)| image1 = Changhe-Suzuki Beidouxing X5 front 8.16.18.jpg | caption1 = Front view | width1 = 237 | image2 = Changhe-Suzuki Beidouxing X5 rear 8.16.18.jpg | caption2 = Rear view | width2 = 230 }} Changhe-Suzuki's first products were versions of the Suzuki Carry microvans and trucks. As of 2010, microvan products include the Suzuki Wagon R (called the Big Dipper and in {{zh|s=北斗星}})[13] and the newer Suzuki Landy ({{zh|s=浪迪|p=Làngdí}}).[14] In 2006, Changhe themselves introduced the new microvan CH6390 Freedom (also called Friend), which has Suzuki underpinnings but a Changhe-designed body. While microvans continue to be a core product, several recently introduced small cars have expanded the company's offerings. These include the subcompact Changhe Ideal (first seen in October 2003), a self-developed car albeit with styling by Bertone and some Suzuki technology.[5] The Suzuki Liana ({{zh|s=利亚纳|p=Lìyǎnà}})[15] is also offered.[16] While lower-end Changhes depend on common, Chinese-built engines also used by a variety of other local brands,[17] Changhe builds the Suzuki K12B and K14B engines for use in higher-end versions.[18] These have seen use in a variety of Changhe products, including the Suzuki Wagon R, Liana, and Landy, as well as the Freedom and Ideal. ExportChanghe has exported to some European and South American nations. These exports may be in the form of complete knock-down kits and are likely fitful and sporadic. Latin AmericaSome Changhe models are sold in Brazil[19] and Uruguay[20] under the brand name Effa, and here the Ideal has been renamed the M100.[21] Total Brazilian sales of the Ideal in 2010 were a reported 426 units.[22] In Venezuela, the first Latin American country to receive a Changhe product (2007), the official dealer of the Changhe Ideal was Cinascar,[23] but this model is no longer listed on Cinascar's website. In Peru and/or Colombia, Faga Motors sells various Changhe microvans.[24] EuropeItalian importer Martin Motors rebadges and sells the Changhe Landy as a Martin Motors Coolcar.[25] The Ideal is known in Italy as the Martin Ideal 1000. The Ideal is also marketed in the Ukraine.[26] IPOListed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange or Shenzhen Stock Exchange{{Citation needed|date=December 2010}} in 2001, Changhe was delisted in 2008 prior to its 2009 sale.[2] Recent eventsChanghe is planning on debuting a technical service advice line for its passenger car purchasers, who will call in to receive freely dispensed advice on how to best maintain their vehicles. All Models
Former Models
Production basesChanghe locates its production in Jiangxi Province,[27] at Jingdezhen City and Jiujiang City,[2] and in the capital of Anhui province, Hefei.[2] Engines are made at the Jiujiang location,[28] and all three production bases assemble cars.[2] See also{{Portal|Companies}}
References1. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|title=BAIC takes majority stake in Changhe Auto|url=http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/business/motoring/2013-11/26/content_17131377.htm|publisher=China Daily|date=26 November 2013}} 2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 [https://web.archive.org/web/20090602090059/http://www.changheauto.com/html/English/ Profile of the Enterprise] Changhe Official Site (Archive.org cache) 3. ^Newest development plan for Changhe Auto. globaltimes.cn, May 17, 2010 4. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/cndy/2010-04/24/content_9769992.htm |title=Auto China 2010: Year in Review |year=2010 |website=chinadaily.com.cn |publisher=China Daily |publication-date=24 April 2010}} 5. ^1 {{cite book | title = World of Cars 2006·2007 | publisher = Media Connection Sp. z o.o. | location = Warsaw, Poland | page = 228 | year = 2006 }} 6. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.globalsuzuki.com/corp_info/overseas/asia.html |title=Overseas Network: Asia |website=globalsuzuki.com |publisher=Suzuki |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090207030556/http://www.globalsuzuki.com/corp_info/overseas/asia.html |archive-date=7 February 2009 |deadurl=yes |df= }} 7. ^Suzuki announces exhibits for Auto Shanghai 2007 (page 2/2) Suzuki Global News, April 20, 2007 8. ^Suzuki, VW, SAIC likely to create three-way JV in China {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728082441/http://auto.globaltimes.cn/auto-china/industry/2011-03/555986.html |date=July 28, 2011 }} globaltimes.cn, July/26/2010 9. ^{{cite web |title=Suzuki seeks new venture in China |url=http://auto.globaltimes.cn/auto-china/industry/2011-03/549386.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728082418/http://auto.globaltimes.cn/auto-china/industry/2011-03/549386.html |archivedate=28 July 2011 |publisher=Global Times |date=2010-07-08 |deadurl=yes |df= }} 10. ^Why the Saab-Hawtai deal is likely to fail chinacartimes.com, May 9, 2011 at 5:23 pm 11. ^Suzuki meets setback in merging its China sales {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120323104706/http://autonews.gasgoo.com/china-news/suzuki-meets-setback-in-merging-its-china-sales-081103.shtml |date=March 23, 2012 }} gasgoo.com, November 03, 2008 12. ^Milestone merger reshapes Suzuki Yu Qiao (China Daily), 2010-03-2 13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.changheauto.com/product/info/infoid/23 |deadurl=yes |script-title=zh:北斗星 |trans-title=Big Dipper product page |language=Chinese |publisher=China Chang'an Automobile Group |accessdate=2011-05-30 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110522200758/http://www.changheauto.com/product/info/infoid/23 |archivedate=2011-05-22 |df= }} 14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.changheauto.com/product/info/infoid/27 |deadurl=yes |title=LANDY浪迪 |trans-title=Landy product page |language=Chinese |publisher=China Chang'an Automobile Group |accessdate=2011-05-30 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110522200834/http://www.changheauto.com/product/info/infoid/27 |archivedate=2011-05-22 |df= }} 15. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.changheauto.com/product/info/infoid/21 |deadurl=yes |script-title=zh:利亚纳 |trans-title=Liana product page |language=Chinese |publisher=China Chang'an Automobile Group |accessdate=2011-05-30 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110524053452/http://www.changheauto.com/product/info/infoid/21 |archivedate=2011-05-24 |df= }} 16. ^Suzuki announces exhibits for Beijing International Automotive Exhibition Suzuki Global News, 23 April 2010 17. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.changheauto.com/product/parameters/infoid/28 |deadurl=yes |script-title=zh:福瑞达鸿运版参数表 |trans-title=Changhe Freedom: Specifications |language=Chinese |publisher=China Chang'an Automobile Group |accessdate=2011-05-29 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110912053306/http://www.changheauto.com/product/parameters/infoid/28 |archivedate=2011-09-12 |df= }} 18. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.changheauto.com/product/pics/infoid/178 |deadurl=yes |title=K14B发动机: 图片展示 |trans-title=K14B engine: photo gallery |language=Chinese |publisher=China Chang'an Automobile Group |accessdate=2011-05-26 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110912053408/http://www.changheauto.com/product/pics/infoid/178 |archivedate=2011-09-12 |df= }} 19. ^OFICINAS effamotors.com.br* Carros: Impressoes ao dirigir; Changhe Ideal {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719221724/http://quatrorodas.abril.com.br/carros/impressoes/conteudo_282961.shtml |date=July 19, 2011 }} abril.com.br, August 2007 20. ^Especificaciones EFFA Ideal {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110202210332/http://www.grupoaler.com/effa_ideal.html |date=February 2, 2011 }} grupoaler.com 21. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.effamotors.com.br/v4/novo/automoveis_m100.php | title=M100 EFFA | publisher=Effa Motors | work=effamotors.com.br | accessdate=22 September 2013}} 22. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.oscarroschineses.com.br/chineses-cresceram-608-no-brasil-em-2010/ |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110112124306/http://www.oscarroschineses.com.br/chineses-cresceram-608-no-brasil-em-2010 |archivedate=12 January 2011 |title=Chineses cresceram 608% no Brasil em 2010 |publisher=Carros Chineses |date=2011-01-11 |deadurl=yes |df= }} 23. ^{{cite web|last=Garcia |first=Enrique |url=http://es.autoblog.com/2008/05/26/cinascar-venezuela-supera-expectativas/ |deadurl=yes |title=Cinascar Venezuela supera expectativas |trans-title=Cinascar Venezuela surpasses expectations |language=Spanish |date=2008-05-26 |publisher=AOL |work=AutoBlog en Español |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721062653/http://es.autoblog.com/2008/05/26/cinascar-venezuela-supera-expectativas/ |archivedate=2011-07-21 |df= }} 24. ^For sales in Peru and/or Colombia, see {{cite web|url=http://www.fagamotors.com/index.php/nosotros |title=NOSOTROS |publisher=Faga Motors |work=fagamotors.com |accessdate=22 September 2013 }}{{dead link|date=April 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}*For models sold, see {{cite web|url=http://www.fagamotors.com/index.php/modelos |title=Modelos: Exlusividad de Faga Motors |publisher=Faga Motors |work=fagamotors.com |accessdate=22 September 2013 }}{{dead link|date=April 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 25. ^[https://archive.is/20120903182402/http://www.martinmotors.it/car_5.html Gamma MM/CoolCar] Martin Motors Official Site 26. ^Avtosalon.com.ua, Changhe Ideal II {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120315103615/http://www.my-avtosalon.com.ua/changhe/changhe-ideal.html |date=March 15, 2012 }} 27. ^1 2 3 4 Milestone merger reshapes Suzuki chinadaily.com.cn, 2010-03-29 09:26 28. ^K14B engine {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110105042913/http://www.changheauto.com/html/English/engine.htm |date=January 5, 2011 }} Changhe Official Site External links
3 : BAIC Group divisions and subsidiaries|Motor vehicle manufacturers of China|Companies with year of establishment missing |
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