| 词条 | ExPRESS Logistics Carrier | |||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
An ExPRESS logistics carrier (ELC) is an unpressurized attached payload platform for the International Space Station (ISS) that provides mechanical mounting surfaces, electrical power, and command and data handling services for Orbital Replacement Units (ORUs) as well as science experiments on the ISS. ("ExPRESS" stands for Expedite the Processing of Experiments to the Space Station.) The ELCs were developed primarily at the Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, with support from JSC, KSC, and MSFC. ELC was formerly called "Express Pallet" and is the unpressurized counterpart to the pressurized ExPRESS Rack. An ELC provides scientists with a platform and infrastructure to deploy experiments in the vacuum of space without requiring a separate dedicated Earth-orbiting satellite. ELCs interface directly with the ISS integrated truss common attach system (CAS).[1] The P3 Truss has two such attach points called Unpressurised Cargo Carrier Attachment System (UCCAS) mechanisms, one facing zenith (space facing) called UCCAS-1, the other facing nadir (earth facing) called UCCAS-2. Whereas the S3 Truss has four similar locations called Payload Attachment System (PAS) mechanisms, two facing Zenith (PAS-1 and PAS-2), and two facing Nadir (PAS-3 and PAS-4). DescriptionThe ELC are four un-pressurized attached payloads, some designed by the Brazilian Space Agency[2], for the International Space Station (ISS) that provides mechanical mounting surfaces, electrical power, and command and data handling services for science experiments on the ISS. ("ExPRESS" stands for "expedite the processing of experiments to the Space Station".) The ELCs have a deck size of about 14 feet by 16 feet and spans the width of the space shuttle’s payload bay. They are made of steel, coated with UV paint. Each one is capable of providing scientists with a platform and infrastructure to deploy experiments in the vacuum of space without requiring a separate dedicated Earth-orbiting satellite. Each carrier is capable of carrying 9,800 lbs. to orbit and will also serve as parking fixtures for spare ISS hardware (ORUs) which can be retrieved when needed.[3] Experiments are mounted on ExPRESS payload adapters (ExPA) which are about the same size as the FRAMs that hold ORUs. Electrical subsystem ExPRESS carrier avionics (ExPCA)Within the electrical subsystem of the ELC, the ExPRESS carrier avionics (ExPCA) provides electrical power distribution to experiments, and data interfaces to the ISS. Within the ExPCA, the ColdFire-based flight computer, software, and related electronics comprise its "flight controller unit" (FCU). The FCU runs the free open-source real-time operating system (RTOS) RTEMS and provides the computing and communication resources as an ELC Command and Data Handling (C&DH) system with the following major goals:
Manifested on ELC-2 was the first ELC-based payload, Materials for ISS Experiment (MISSE-7).[4] mounted on an ExPA. ELC launch scheduleELC-1 and ELC-2 were transported to the International Space Station by {{OV|104}} on mission STS-129 in November 2009. ELC-4 launched on mission STS-133 Discovery on 24 February 2011 and was installed on the station on 27 February. ELC-3 launched on mission STS-134 Endeavour on 16 May 2011 and was installed on the station on 18 May. The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer occupies the mounting location intended for ELC-5 on the ISS truss.
Locations and componentsELC-1{{Infobox space station module| module = ExPRESS Logistics Carrier 1 | module_image = Express 1 2.JPG | module_image_size = 250px | module_image_caption = ELCs 1 & 2 in the {{OV|104}} cargo bay. | NSSDC_ID = | station = International Space Station | launch = {{start-date|2009|11|16|19|28|09|timezone=yes}} UTC | launch_vehicle = Space Shuttle/STS-129 | docked = | undocked = | berthed = {{start-date|2009|11|18|21|27|TZ=Z}} at P3 truss | unberthed = | reentry = | mass = {{convert|13,840|lb|order=flip|abbr=on}} | length = | width = | height = | diameter = | volume = | stats_ref = | configuration_image = | configuration_size = | configuration_caption = }} ELC-1 is located on the P3 truss at the UCCAS-2 (nadir, earth facing) site. ELC-1 weighs approx. 13,840 lbs.[5] A FRAM is a Flight Releasable Attachment Mechanism.
ELC-2{{Infobox space station module| module = ExPRESS Logistics Carrier 2 | module_image = Express 1 2.JPG | module_image_size = 250px | module_image_caption = ELCs 1 & 2 in the {{OV|104}} cargo bay. | NSSDC_ID = | station = International Space Station | launch = {{start-date|2009|11|16|19|28|09|timezone=yes}} UTC | launch_vehicle = Space Shuttle/STS-129 | docked = | undocked = | berthed = {{start-date|2009|11|21|14|14|TZ=Z}} at S3 truss | unberthed = | reentry = | mass = {{convert|13400|lb|order=flip|abbr=on}} | length = | width = | height = | diameter = | volume = | stats_ref = | configuration_image = | configuration_size = | configuration_caption = }} ELC-2 is located on the S3 truss at the PAS-1 (zenith, space facing) site, alongside AMS-2 at PAS-2. ELC-2 weighs approx. 13,400 lbs.[5]
ELC-3{{Infobox space station module| module = ExPRESS Logistics Carrier 3 | module_image = | module_image_size = | module_image_caption = | NSSDC_ID = | station = International Space Station | launch = {{start-date|2011|05|16|12|56|28|timezone=yes}} UTC | launch_vehicle = Space Shuttle/STS-134 | docked = | undocked = | berthed = {{start-date|2011|05|18|16|18|TZ=Z}} at S3 truss | unberthed = | reentry = | mass = {{convert|14023|lb|order=flip|abbr=on}} | length = | width = | height = | diameter = | volume = | stats_ref = | configuration_image = | configuration_size = | configuration_caption = }} ELC-3 is located on the P3 truss at the UCCAS-1 (zenith, space facing) site. ELC-3 weighs 14,023 lbs.[7]
ELC-4{{Infobox space station module| module = ExPRESS Logistics Carrier 4 | module_image = STS133 ELC-4.jpg | module_image_size = 200px | module_image_caption = In the Space Station Processing Facility at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida, technicians perform the ELC-4, deck-to-keel mate. | NSSDC_ID = | station = International Space Station | launch = {{start-date|2011|02|24|21|53|24|timezone=yes}} UTC | launch_vehicle = Space Shuttle/STS-133 | docked = | undocked = | berthed = {{start-date|2011|02|27|03|22|TZ=Z}} at S3 truss | unberthed = | reentry = | mass = {{convert|8235|lb|order=flip|abbr=on}} | length = | width = | height = | diameter = | volume = | stats_ref = | configuration_image = | configuration_size = | configuration_caption = }} ELC-4 is located on the S3 truss at the PAS-4 (nadir, earth facing) site, alongside ESP-3 at PAS-3. ELC-4 weighs 8,235 lbs.[11]
See also
References{{Commons category|ExPRESS Logistics Carrier}}1. ^{{Cite book| title = EXPRESS Logistics Carrier (ELC) Development Specification| edition = Revision B| last = Johnson Space Center| first = | authors = | year = 2006| publisher = International Space Station Program| id = SSP 52055| pages = }} 2. ^https://spaceflight.nasa.gov/station/assembly/elements/ep/index.html 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/news/topstory/2009/iss_carriers.html|title=Goddard SFC ELCs Description}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/science/experiments/MISSE-7.html|title=MISSE-7|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081210181244/http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/science/experiments/MISSE-7.html|archivedate=2008-12-10|df=}} 5. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/pdf/404493main_EVA_129_F_E1.pdf|title= EVA Checklist: STS-129 Flight Supplement}} 6. ^{{cite web|title=ISS Daily Summary Report – 03/06/15|url=https://blogs.nasa.gov/stationreport/2015/03/page/17/|website=ISS On-Orbit Status Report|accessdate=30 March 2018}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/538352main_sts134_presskit_508.pdf |title=STS-134 press kit cover print file 3-31-11 |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=2013-03-27}} 8. ^{{cite web |url=http://spaceflightsystems.grc.nasa.gov/SpaceOps/CoNNeCT/ |title=SCaN Testbed |publisher=Spaceflightsystems.grc.nasa.gov |date=2013-03-13 |accessdate=2013-03-27 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111033004/http://spaceflightsystems.grc.nasa.gov/SpaceOps/CoNNeCT/ |archivedate=2012-01-11 |df= }} 9. ^ {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110417085856/http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/SCAN_Testbed.html|date=April 17, 2011}} 10. ^{{cite web |url=http://spaceflightsystems.grc.nasa.gov/SpaceOps/CoNNeCT/images/Figure_1.png |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2011-07-22 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110807090941/http://spaceflightsystems.grc.nasa.gov/SpaceOps/CoNNeCT/images/Figure_1.png |archivedate=2011-08-07 |df= }} 11. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/491387main_STS-133%20Press%20Kit.pdf|title= EVA Checklist: STS-133 Flight Supplement}} 12. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://iss.jaxa.jp/en/htv/mission/htv-2/library/presskit/htv2_presskit_en.pdf|title=HYV-2 Presskit}} 13. ^http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/566071main_STS-135_Press_Kit.pdf
2 : Components of the International Space Station|Science facilities on the International Space Station |
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