1. References

In mathematics, the term "characteristic function" can refer to any of several distinct concepts:

• The indicator function, that is the function

which for a given subset A of X, has value 1 at points of A and 0 at points of X − A.

• There is an indicator function for affine varieties over a finite field:^[1] given a finite set of functions let be their vanishing locus. Then, the function acts as an indicator function for . If then , otherwise, for some , we have , which implies that , hence .
• The characteristic function in convex analysis, closely related to the indicator function of a set:

• In probability theory, the characteristic function of any probability distribution on the real line is given by the following formula, where X is any random variable with the distribution in question:

where E means expected value. For multivariate distributions, the product tX is replaced by a scalar product of vectors.

• The characteristic function of a cooperative game in game theory.
• The characteristic polynomial in linear algebra.
• The characteristic state function in statistical mechanics.
• The Euler characteristic, a topological invariant.
• The receiver operating characteristic in statistical decision theory.
• The point characteristic function in statistics.

References

• The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 2016
• The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 2017
• The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 2018
• The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 2019
• The New York Times International
• The New York Times International Weekly
• The New York Times Manga Best Sellers of 2013
• The New York Times Manga Best Sellers of 2014
• The New York Times Manga Best Sellers of 2016
• The New York Times Non-Fiction Best Sellers of 2016
• The New York Times Non-Fiction Best Sellers of 2017
• The New York Times Non-Fiction Best Sellers of 2018
• The New York Times Non-Fiction Best Sellers of 2019
• The New York Times Pakistan
• The New York Times Sunday Book Review
• The New York Weekly Journal
• The New Zealand Antarctic Institute
• The New Zealand Charity and Legal Gazette
• The New Zealand Company
• The New Zealand Institute
• The New Zealand Institute (disambiguation)
• The New Zealand Medical Journal (Online)
• The New Zealand Nurses Organisation
• The New Zealand Players
• The New Zealand Productivity Commission