请输入您要查询的百科知识：

　

词条 Extreme cinema
释义

  1. History

  2. Controversy

      Classification and guidelines  

  3. Notable films

      Notable directors  

  4. References

  5. Sources

  6. See also

  7. External links

Extreme cinema is a genre of film distinguished by its use of excessive violence, torture, and sex of extreme nature. The rising popularity of Asian films in the 21st century has contributed to the growth of extreme cinema, although extreme cinema is still considered to be a cult-based genre. Being a relatively new genre, extreme cinema is controversial and widely unaccepted by the mainstream media.[1] Extreme cinema films target a specific and small audience group.[2]

History

The prehistory of extreme cinema can be traced back to censorship of art films and advertising tactics for classical exploitation films to Anglophone markets alongside later liberal representations of sex in the first half of the 20th Century onwards.[3]

The name "extreme cinema" originated from a “line of Asian films that share a combination of sensational features, such as extreme violence, horror and shocking plots”.[4]

Controversy

Extreme cinema is highly criticized and debated by film critics and the general public. There have been debates over the hypersexualization that makes these films a threat to the ‘mainstream’ community standards.[5]

There has also been criticism over the increasing use of violence in modern-day films. Ever since the emergence of slasher-gore films in the ’70s, the rising popularity of extreme cinema has contributed to the casual violence in popular media.[6] Some criticize the easy exposure and unintended targeting of adolescence by extreme cinema films.[7]

Classification and guidelines

The British Board of Film Classification (BBFC) classifies extreme cinema films into an "R18" rating, which is defined as “special and legally restricted classification primarily for explicit works of consenting sex or strong fetish material involving adults.”[5]

Notable films

{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
  • A Serbian Film[8][9] [10] (2010)
  • Audition[11] (1999)
  • Bad Taste [12] (1987)
  • Begotten[12] (1990)
  • Blood Feast [13] (1963)
  • Braindead (Dead Alive) [14] (1992)
  • Caligula, unrated version[12] (1979)
  • Cannibal Holocaust[15][19] (1980)
  • Crash [16] (1996)
  • The Devils [17] (1971)
  • Dogtooth[11] (2009)
  • Funny Games[11] [18] (1997)
  • Hellraiser [19] (1987)
  • The Hills Have Eyes [20] (1977)
  • Hostel[21] (2005)
  • The Human Centipede [22] (2009)
  • I Spit on Your Grave [23] (1978)
  • In the Realm of the Senses[24] (1976)
  • Irréversible[11] [25] (2002)
  • Last House on the Left [26] (1972)
  • Man Bites Dog [27] (1992)
  • Mysterious Skin [28] (2004)
  • Martyrs[8] [29] (2008)
  • Oldboy [30] (2003)
  • Pink Flamingos [31] (1972)
  • Rambo 4 [32] (2008)
  • Re-Animator [33] (1985)
  • Requiem for a Dream [34] (2000)
  • Salò, or the 120 Days of Sodom[35] (1975)
  • Saw [36]
  • The Life and Death of Bob Flanagan, Supermasochist [37] (1997)
  • Sweet Movie [38] (1974)
  • Taxidermia [39] (2006)
  • A Cruel Picture [40] (1973)
  • Un Chien Andalou [41] (1929)

Notable directors

  • Early Peter Jackson [42] [43]
  • Early Wes Craven [44] [45]
  • The works of Uwe Boll[12]
  • The works of Lars von Trier[46]
  • Takashi Miike [47]
  • Sion Sono [48]
{{div col end}}

References

1. ^Dirks, Tim. “100 Most Controversial Films of All Time.” 100 Most Controversial Films of All Time. Filmsite, n.d. Web. 9 Feb. 2016.
2. ^ 
3. ^{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oqq_CwAAQBAJ&pg=PA19&lpg=PA19&dq=extreme+cinema+the+transgressive+rhetoric+of+today's+art+film+culture&source=bl&ots=KN46_CS2kK&sig=rYJ7CboAzRRup3nNc7NB502f93Q&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiqzorAjanYAhXMOCYKHeaLAus4ChDoAQhCMAY#v=snippet&q=+salo&f=false|title=Extreme Cinema: The Transgressive Rhetoric of Today's Art Film Culture|first=Mattias|last=Frey|date=15 March 2016|publisher=Rutgers University Press|via=Google Books}}
4. ^Lee, Eunah. “Trauma, excess, and the aesthetics of the affect: the extreme cinemas of Chan-Wook Park.” Post Script 2014:33. Literature Resource Center. Web. 7 Feb. 2016.
5. ^1 Pett, E. “A New Media Landscape? The BBFC,  Extreme Cinema As Cult, And Technological Change.” New Review of Film and Television Studies 13.1 (2015): 83-99. Scopus. Web. 9 Feb. 2016    
6. ^Sapolsky, Barry S., Fred Moliter, and Sarah Luque. “Sex and Violence in Slasher Films: Re-examining the Assumptions.” J&MC Quarterly 80.1 (2003): 28-38. SAGE Journals. Web. 9 Feb. 2016.    
7. ^Sargent, James D., Todd F. Hetherton, M. Bridget Ahrens, Madeline A. Dalton, Jennifer J. Tickle, and Michael L. Beach. “Adolescent Exposure to Extremely Violent Movies.” Journal of Adolescent Health 31.6 (2002): 449-454. JAMES MADISON UNIV's Catalog. Web.
8. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://horrornews.net/6534/extreme-cinema-top-25-most-disturbing-films-of-all-time-part3/|title=Extreme Cinema: Top 25 Most Disturbing Films of all time – part3 - HNN|website=horrornews.net}}
9. ^{{cite web|url=https://edinburghuniversitypress.com/book-extreme-cinema.html|title=Extreme Cinema|website=Edinburgh University Press Books}}
10. ^The 30 Most Extreme Movies of the 21st Century So Far « Taste of Cinema
11. ^1 2 3 {{cite journal|url=https://muse.jhu.edu/chapter/1765373|title=Extreme Cinema: The Transgressive Rhetoric of Today's Art Film Culture|first=Frey,|last=Mattias|publisher=}}
12. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|url=http://horrornews.net/78683/extreme-cinema-list-disturbing-films-compendium-d/|title=Extreme Cinema: List of Disturbing Films Compendium A-D - HNN|website=horrornews.net}}
13. ^{{cite web|url=http://horrornews.net/78683/extreme-cinema-list-disturbing-films-compendium-d/|title=Extreme Cinema: List of Disturbing Films Compendium A-D - HNN|website=horrornews.net}}
14. ^{{cite web|url=http://horrornews.net/78683/extreme-cinema-list-disturbing-films-compendium-d/|title=Extreme Cinema: List of Disturbing Films Compendium A-D - HNN|website=horrornews.net}}
15. ^ 
16. ^{{cite web|url=http://horrornews.net/78683/extreme-cinema-list-disturbing-films-compendium-d/|title=Extreme Cinema: List of Disturbing Films Compendium A-D - HNN|website=horrornews.net}}
17. ^{{cite web|url=http://horrornews.net/78683/extreme-cinema-list-disturbing-films-compendium-d/|title=Extreme Cinema: List of Disturbing Films Compendium A-D - HNN|website=horrornews.net}}
18. ^The 30 Most Extreme Movies of the 21st Century So Far « Taste of Cinema
19. ^[https://horrornews.net/78718/extreme-cinema-list-disturbing-films-compendium-e-k/]
20. ^[https://horrornews.net/78718/extreme-cinema-list-disturbing-films-compendium-e-k/]
21. ^[https://horrornews.net/78718/extreme-cinema-list-disturbing-films-compendium-e-k/]
22. ^[https://horrornews.net/78718/extreme-cinema-list-disturbing-films-compendium-e-k/]
23. ^[https://horrornews.net/78718/extreme-cinema-list-disturbing-films-compendium-e-k/]
24. ^{{cite web|url=http://horrornews.net/3179/list-asian-cat-iii-films-category-3-extreme-horror-hardcore-violence-grindcore/|title=Extreme Asian Horror - Cat III Asian Films|website=horrornews.net}}
25. ^The 30 Most Extreme Movies of the 21st Century So Far « Taste of Cinema
26. ^[https://horrornews.net/78719/extreme-cinema-list-disturbing-films-compendium-l-r/]
27. ^[https://horrornews.net/78719/extreme-cinema-list-disturbing-films-compendium-l-r/]
28. ^[https://horrornews.net/78719/extreme-cinema-list-disturbing-films-compendium-l-r/]
29. ^The 30 Most Extreme Movies of the 21st Century So Far « Taste of Cinema
30. ^The 30 Most Extreme Movies of the 21st Century So Far « Taste of Cinema
31. ^[https://horrornews.net/78719/extreme-cinema-list-disturbing-films-compendium-l-r/]
32. ^[https://horrornews.net/78719/extreme-cinema-list-disturbing-films-compendium-l-r/]
33. ^[https://horrornews.net/78719/extreme-cinema-list-disturbing-films-compendium-l-r/]
34. ^[https://horrornews.net/78719/extreme-cinema-list-disturbing-films-compendium-l-r/]
35. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://edinburghuniversitypress.com/book-cultivating-extreme-art-cinema-hb.html|title=Cultivating Extreme Art Cinema|website=Edinburgh University Press Books}}
36. ^[https://horrornews.net/78720/extreme-cinema-list-disturbing-films-compendium-s-z/]
37. ^[https://horrornews.net/78720/extreme-cinema-list-disturbing-films-compendium-s-z/]
38. ^ 
39. ^The 30 Most Extreme Movies of the 21st Century So Far « Taste of Cinema
40. ^[https://horrornews.net/78720/extreme-cinema-list-disturbing-films-compendium-s-z/]
41. ^[https://horrornews.net/78720/extreme-cinema-list-disturbing-films-compendium-s-z/]
42. ^{{cite web|url=http://horrornews.net/78683/extreme-cinema-list-disturbing-films-compendium-d/|title=Extreme Cinema: List of Disturbing Films Compendium A-D - HNN|website=horrornews.net}}
43. ^{{cite web|url=http://horrornews.net/78683/extreme-cinema-list-disturbing-films-compendium-d/|title=Extreme Cinema: List of Disturbing Films Compendium A-D - HNN|website=horrornews.net}}
44. ^[https://horrornews.net/78719/extreme-cinema-list-disturbing-films-compendium-l-r/]
45. ^[https://horrornews.net/78718/extreme-cinema-list-disturbing-films-compendium-e-k/]
46. ^{{cite web|url=https://lareviewofbooks.org/article/against-happiness/#!|title=Against Happiness - Los Angeles Review of Books|publisher=}}
47. ^The 30 Most Extreme Movies of the 21st Century So Far « Taste of Cinema
48. ^The 30 Most Extreme Movies of the 21st Century So Far « Taste of Cinema

Sources

  • Lee, Eunah. “Trauma, excess, and the aesthetics of the affect: the extreme cinemas of Chan-Wook Park.” Post Script 2014:33. Literature Resource Center. Web. 7 Feb. 2016.
  • Review of Film And Television Studies 13.1 (2015): 83-99. Scopus. Web. 7 Feb. 2016
  • Totaro, Donato. “Sex and Violence: Journey into Extreme Cinema.” Offscreen7.11 (2003): n. pag. Web.
  • King, Mike. The American Cinema of Excess: Extremes Of The National Mind On Film. n.p.: Jefferson, N.C : McFarland, c2009., 2009. JAMES MADISON UNIV's Catalog. Web. 10. Feb. 2016
  • Malamuth, Neil. “Media's New Mood: Sexual Violence.” Media's New Mood: Sexual Violence. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Feb. 2016.
  • Fyfe, Kristen. “More Violence, More Sex, More Troubled Kids.” Media Research Center. MRC Culture, 11 Jan. 2007. Web. 9 Feb. 2016
  • Pett, E. “A New Media Landscape? The BBFC,  Extreme Cinema As Cult, And Technological Change.” New Review of Film and Television Studies 13.1 (2015): 83-99. Scopus. Web. 9 Feb. 2016
  • Dirks, Tim. “100 Most Controversial Films of All Time.” 100 Most Controversial Films of All Time. Filmsite, n.d. Web. 9 Feb. 2016.
  • Sapolsky, Barry S., Fred Moliter, and Sarah Luque. “Sex and Violence in Slasher Films: Re-examining the Assumptions.” J&MC Quarterly 80.1 (2003): 28-38. SAGE Journals. Web. 9 Feb. 2016.
  • Sargent, James D., Todd F. Hetherton, M. Bridget Ahrens, Madeline A. Dalton, Jennifer J. Tickle, and Michael L. Beach. “Adolescent Exposure to Extremely Violent Movies.” Journal of Adolescent Health 31.6 (2002): 449-454. JAMES MADISON UNIV's Catalog. Web.

See also

  • Exploitation film
  • Art film
  • Dogme 95

External links

  • Extreme Cinema:Top 25 Most Disturbing Films of All Time on Horror News
  • [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y_pH2v6D3fI| Brows Held High's Kyle Kallgren reviewing The Devils], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Km2TZhHpxiA| A Siberian Film] and [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aGq6nWhih1g| one of Lars von Trier's films] on YouTube in a more humorous style.
  • [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qi-kEPrc6o0| Renegade Cut on YouTube- Leon Thomas's analysis of von Trier's Nymphomaniac] and [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ib4vWT17CQA| Yorgos Lanthimos's Dogtooth]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Extreme Cinema}}

5 : Film and video terminology|Film|Visual arts|Obscenity controversies in film|Censorship
随便看

　

开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。

　

Copyright © 2023 OENC.NET All Rights Reserved
京ICP备2021023879号 更新时间：2024/11/14 3:15:51