| 词条 | Fairey Firefly IIM | ||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
The Fairey Firefly IIM was a British fighter of the 1930s. It was a single-seat, single-engine biplane of all-metal construction. Built by Fairey Aviation Company Limited, it served principally with the Belgian Air Force throughout the 1930s until the outbreak of World War II. {{TOC limit|limit=2}}Design and developmentThe Firefly was a private-venture design, penned by Marcel Lobelle. A completely new design, it shared little with the Firefly I beyond the name. Making use of experience gleaned from the earlier machine, it was developed in response to Specification F.20/27 for a single-seat interceptor. It first flew on 5 February 1929.[1] The Firefly II competed for the RAF contract against the Hawker Fury, showing superior speed but was criticised for having heavier controls.[1] Crucially, it retained a mainly wooden structure despite the Air Ministry's demands for metal structures. This led to the Fury being selected. Afterwards, the prototype was rebuilt and renamed Firefly IIM, the "M" denoting the all-metal construction of the rebuilt machine. A revised prototype with longer-span wings, the Firefly III was built to Specification N21/26 as a carrier-based fighter to replace the Fleet Air Arm's Fairey Flycatchers, first flying on 17 May 1929.[2] Like the land-based fighter, it was rebuilt with more metal components as the Firefly IIIM, and again like the Firefly II, was beaten by a design produced by Hawker, in this case the Hawker Nimrod. Although no production orders ensued, the Firefly IIIM was fitted with floats and used as a trainer by the RAF's High Speed Flight preparing for the 1931 Schneider Trophy race.[3] Operational historyA contract was won for 25 IIM aircraft for Belgium's Aéronautique Militaire, followed by a contract for a further 62 to be constructed by Avions Fairey, Fairey's Belgian subsidiary. The Belgian aircraft served briefly in the Second World War from May to June 1940. Two of the Belgian aircraft were converted to Firefly IV, with 785 hp (585 kW) Hispano-Suiza 12Xbrs engines but the improvement was not deemed sufficient to warrant development. One was restored to its original form, while the other passed to Fairey for trials. One aircraft was supplied to the Soviet Union. Operators
Variants
Single-seat fighter prototype, powered by a 480 hp (360 kW) Rolls-Royce Kestrel piston engine. One built.
Single-seat single-engine fighter aircraft, of all-metal construction, equipped with resigned tail surfaces and revised engine cooling system.
Single-seat shipboard fighter prototype. One built.
The Fairey Firefly III was rebuilt with all-metal construction and redesignated Firefly IIIM.
Two Belgian Firefly IIs were converted, and fitted with the 785 hp (585 kW) Hispano-Suiza 12Xbrs engine. Specifications (Firefly IIM){{aircraft specifications|plane or copter?=plane |jet or prop?=prop |ref=The Complete Book of Fighters[4] |crew=1 |capacity= |length main= 24 ft 8 in |length alt= 7.52 m |span main= 31 ft 6 in |span alt= 9.60 m |height main= 9 ft 4 in |height alt= 2.85 m |area main= 236.8 ft² |area alt= 22.0 m² |airfoil= |empty weight main= 2,387 lb |empty weight alt= 1,083 kg |loaded weight main= 3,285 lb |loaded weight alt= 1,490 kg |useful load main= |useful load alt= |max takeoff weight main= 3,404 lb[5] |max takeoff weight alt= 1,544 kg |more general= |engine (prop)=Rolls-Royce F.XIS |type of prop=12-cylinder inline liquid-cooled |number of props=1 |power main= 480 hp |power alt= 358 kW |power original= |max speed main= 175 mph |max speed alt= 152 kn, 282 km/h |max speed more= at sea level (223 mph (193 kn, 359 km/h) at 13,125 ft (4,000 m)) |cruise speed main= |cruise speed alt= |never exceed speed main= |never exceed speed alt= |stall speed main= |stall speed alt= |range main= 240 mi [3][6] |range alt= 209 nmi, 386 km |ceiling main= 30,840 ft[7] |ceiling alt= 9,400 m |climb rate main= |climb rate alt= |loading main= 13.9 lb/ft² |loading alt= 67.7 kg/m² |thrust/weight= |power/mass main= 0.15 hp/lb |power/mass alt= 0.24 kW/kg |more performance=* Time to 19,700 ft (6,000 m): 10.9 min |guns=2 × 0.303 in (7.7 mm) Vickers machine guns |avionics= }} See also{{aircontent|related=
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|see also= }} ReferencesNotes1. ^1 Mason 1992, p. 212. 2. ^Taylor 1988, pp. 175–176. 3. ^1 Mason 1992, p. 213. 4. ^Green and Swanborough 1994, p.198. 5. ^Taylor and Alexander 1969, p. 47. 6. ^Firefly II 7. ^Taylor 1988, p. 179. Bibliography{{refbegin}}
External links{{commons category|Fairey Firefly II}}
5 : British fighter aircraft 1920–1929|Fairey aircraft|Single-engined tractor aircraft|Biplanes|Avions Fairey aircraft |
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