“Fandaqumiya”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The Arabic name of the village, Al Fandaqumiyah (الفندقومي), is a corruption of the Greek term Pentakomia: Komia means 'village' or 'community', while penta means 'five'. Pentakomia probably refers to an administrative unit of five villages which existed in the area.^[2]^[2]^[4]

A Pentakomia in Greece{{Citation needed|date=February 2007}} as well as one on the Euphrates River^[3] probably share the etymology, and the Hebron area village of Tarqumiyah (Arabic ترقوميا) is based on the Greek Trikomia, or 'community of three.'

Geography

Fandaqumiya is located in the northern West Bank, on the road leading north from Nablus to Jenin. The village is partly situated on the slope of a hill in the Musheirif Range and partly built on adjacent ridges in between the valley of Jaba' to the north and the Musheirif hills to the south.^[4] Its old core is in the slope part of the village with an elevation of 470 meters above sea level (about 30 meters higher than its surroundings) and a total area of 20 dunams.^[5]

The nearest localities are Jaba' to the immediate east, Beit Imrin to the south, Burqa to the southwest, Silat ad-Dhahr to the immediate west, and Ajjah to the north. as well as the former Israeli settlements of Homesh and Sa-Nur, which were dismantled in Israel's 2005 unilateral disengagement plan.

History

The earliest findings in Fandaqumiya include a white clay jar filled with burned bones, which was found in a tomb. The examination of this jar at the Archaeological Department of the An-Najah National University suggested that it be dated to the Neolithic Period. A stone tool, circular in shape with a hole in the middle, was found alongside the jar, though it was never dated{{Citation needed|date=February 2007}}.

Pottery sherds from the Hellenistic, early and late Roman and the Byzantine eras have been found here.^[4] A sacred cave exists above the village on the south, which is probably an ancient rock-cut chapel.^[6] Aaron Demsky noted that the town is mentioned in the 3rd century Mosaic of Rehob.^[7]

The village is also mentioned in Crusader sources of 1178,^[8] as a place sold to the Knights Hospitallers.^[4]

Pottery sherds from the early Muslim and Medieval eras have also been found here.^[4]

Ottoman era

In 1596 Fandaqumiyya appeared in the Ottoman tax registers as being in the nahiya of Jabal Sami, part of the Sanjak of Nablus. It had a population of eleven households and one bachelor, all Muslim. The inhabitants paid a fixed tax-rate of 33.3% on agricultural products, including wheat, barley, summer crops, olive trees, goats and beehives, in addition to occasional revenues and a press for olives or grapes; a total of 11,752 akçe.^[10] Fandaqumiya was mentioned by the Turkish traveler Evliya Çelebi in 1640.^[4]

In 1830, during the military campaign against a revolt by the Jarrar clan of Sanur, Emir Bashir Shihab's forces set fire to Fandaqumiya.^[4] In 1838, Edward Robinson passed by and noted it as a being a small village,^[11] located in the esh-Sharawiyeh esh-Shurkiyeh (the Eastern) district, north of Nablus.^[12]

French explorer Victor Guérin visited the village in 1863 and 1870, and estimated it as having about 500 inhabitants. He describes it as being situated on the slopes of a high hill. With abundant waters, the whole slope was cultivated with beautiful olive trees, figs and pomegranates.^[13] In the Palestine Exploration Fund's Survey of Western Palestine (1882), Fandaqumiya was described as "a very small village on the slope of the hill, with three springs to the south-west, small and marshy."^[14]

A spur of the Ottoman Hejaz railway to Damascus was built through the area, and a station was opened nearby at Sebastia. After the collapse of the Ottomans, locals took apart the rail infrastructure for secondary use in construction. Many of the steel beams can still be seen in the roofs of local homes.{{Citation needed|date=May 2015}}

British Mandate era

In 1917, Fandaqumiya was captured by General Allenby's British forces from the Ottomans, and three years later it was assigned to British Mandatory Palestine. In the 1922 census of Palestine, conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Fandaqumiya had a population of 327, all Muslims.^[15] This increased in the 1931 census to a population of 445, still all Muslim, living in 101 houses.^[16]

Soon after the British arrived, they built a police fort on a nearby hill. Despite many villagers being employed in the construction, relations with the British forces were at times rocky owing to tax disputes. During the riots of 1936-1939, some villagers launched attacks on the British troops, and the village was subject to British reprisals.{{citation needed|date=October 2015}} During the 1940s, the British administration funded modern water and agriculture development projects as well as an elementary school.{{citation needed|date=October 2015}}

In the 1945 statistics the population was 630 Muslims,^[17] with 4,079 dunams of land, according to an official land and population survey.^[18] 885 dunams were used for plantations and irrigable land, 2,737 dunams for cereals,^[19] while 14 dunams were built-up (urban) land.^[20]

Jordanian era

After the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, Fandaqumiya was ruled by the Hashemites of Jordan.

Post-1967

After the 1967 Six-Day War, Al Fandaqumiya came under Israeli occupation along with the rest of the West Bank.

References

1. ^Projected Mid -Year Population for Jenin Governorate by Locality 2004- 2006 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080920093125/http://www.pcbs.gov.ps/Portals/_pcbs/populati/pop01.aspx |date=September 20, 2008 }} Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics
2. ^Palmer, 1881, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/182/mode/1up 182]
3. ^There is a locality of this name in Arabia {{CathEncy|wstitle=Pentacomia}}
4. ^¹²³⁴⁵Zertal, 2004, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=Vt-IvRhCEyYC&pg=PA307 307].
5. ^Zertal, 2004, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=Vt-IvRhCEyYC&pg=PA306 306].
6. ^Conder and Kitchener, 1882, vol 2, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp02conduoft#page/185/mode/1up 185]
7. ^Aaron Demsky, The Permitted Villages of Sebaste in the Reḥov Mosaic, Israel Exploration Journal (vol. 29, no. 3/4), Jerusalem 1979, p. 190.
8. ^Rey, 1883, p. [https://archive.org/stream/lescoloniesfran01reygoog#page/n455/mode/1up 426]
9. ^Le Strange, 1890, p. [https://archive.org/stream/palestineundermo00lestuoft#page/441/mode/1up 441]; cited in Clermont-Ganneau, 1896, ARP vol 2, pp. [https://archive.org/stream/archaeologicalre02cler#page/336/mode/1up 336]-337
10. ^Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 125.
11. ^Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol.3, pp. [https://archive.org/stream/biblicalresearch03robiuoft#page/n167/mode/1up 150]-151
12. ^Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol. 3, 2nd Appendix, p. [https://archive.org/stream/biblicalresearch03robiuoft#page/129/mode/1up 129]
13. ^¹Guérin, 1875, pp. [https://archive.org/stream/descriptiongogr04gugoog#page/n241/mode/1up 216]-217
14. ^¹Conder and Kitchener, 1882, vol 2, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp02conduoft#page/155/mode/1up 155]
15. ^Barron, 1923, Table IX, Sub-district of Jenin, p. [https://archive.org/stream/PalestineCensus1922/Palestine%20Census%20%281922%29#page/n31/mode/1up 29]
16. ^Mills, 1932, p. [https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas 68]
17. ^Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 16
18. ^Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 54
19. ^Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 98
20. ^Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 148
21. ^Government of Jordan, Department of Statistics, 1964, p. 25

Etymology