| 词条 | Farman MF.11 | |||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
The Maurice Farman MF.11 Shorthorn is a French aircraft developed before World War I by the Farman Aviation Works. It was used as a reconnaissance and light bomber during the early part of World War I, later being relegated to training duties. The Maurice Farman Shorthorn was the aircraft in which Biggles, Capt W.E. Johns' fictional character, first took to the air in "Biggles Learns To Fly". Design and developmentA pusher configuration unequal-span biplane like the earlier Farman MF.7, the MF.11 differed in lacking the forward-mounted elevator, the replacement of the biplane horizontal tail surfaces with a single surface with a pair of rudders mounted above it, and the mounting of the nacelle containing crew and engine in the gap between the two wings. The aircraft was also fitted with a machine gun for the observer, whose position was changed from the rear seat to the front in order to give a clear field of fire. Its name derived from that of the MF.7 Longhorn, as it lacked the characteristic front-mounted elevator and elongated skids of its predecessor. Operational historyOn 6 September 1914 the first air-sea battle in history took place when a Japanese Farman MF.11 aircraft launched by the seaplane carrier {{ship|Japanese seaplane carrier|Wakamiya||2}} unsuccessfully attacked SMS Kaiserin Elisabeth with bombs.[2] The MF.11 served in both the British and French air services on the Western Front in the early stages of the war. As a light bomber it flew the first bombing raid of the war when on 21 December 1914 an MF.11 of the Royal Naval Air Service attacked German artillery positions around Ostend, Belgium. The MF.11 was withdrawn from front-line service on the Western Front in 1915, but continued to be used by the French in Macedonia and the Middle East, while the British also used it in the Dardanelles, and Africa. The Australian Flying Corps (AFC), provided with the MF.11 by the British Indian Army, operated it during the Mesopotamian campaign of 1915–16. Italy's Società Italiana Aviazione, a Fiat company, licence-built a number of MF.11s under the designation SIA 5 from early 1915, fitted with a fixed forward machine gun and a 74.5 kW (100 hp) Fiat A.10 engine.[3] In 1916, the AFC also bought some MF.11s for training purposes. Operators
Survivors
Specifications (MF.11){{aircraft specifications|plane or copter?=plane |jet or prop?=prop |ref=Encyclopedia of Military Aircraft[4] |crew= Two (pilot & observer/gunner) |capacity= |length main= 9.45 m |length alt= 31 ft 0 in |span main= 16.15 m |span alt= 53 ft 0 in |height main= 3.18 m |height alt= 10 ft 5 in |area main= 57.00 m² |area alt= 613 ft² |airfoil= |empty weight main= 550 kg |empty weight alt= 1,210 lb |loaded weight main= 928 kg |loaded weight alt= 2,045 lb |useful load main= |useful load alt= |max takeoff weight main= |max takeoff weight alt= |more general= |engine (prop)= Renault |type of prop=8-cylinder air-cooled inline engine |number of props=1 |power main= 75 kW |power alt= 100 hp |power original= |max speed main= 106 km/h |max speed alt= 57 knots, 66 mph |max speed more= at sea level |cruise speed main= |cruise speed alt= |never exceed speed main= |never exceed speed alt= |stall speed main= |stall speed alt= |range main= |range alt= |ceiling main= 3,800 m |ceiling alt= 12,467 ft |climb rate main= |climb rate alt= |loading main= |loading alt= |thrust/weight= |power/mass main= |power/mass alt= |more performance=
|guns=1 × 7.62 mm (0.30 in) machine gun |bombs=18 × 7.3 kg (16 lb) bombs |avionics= }} See also{{aircontent||related=
|similar aircraft= |sequence= |lists=
|see also= }} References1. ^The Aerodrome Forum] 2. ^Donko, Wilhelm M.: „Österreichs Kriegsmarine in Fernost: Alle Fahrten von Schiffen der k.(u.)k. Kriegsmarine nach Ostasien, Australien und Ozeanien von 1820 bis 1914“ (epubli, Berlin, 2013) - Page 4, 156-162, 427. 3. ^Taylor, Michael J H. Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation. pg 805. Portland House, 1989. {{ISBN|0-517-69186-8}} 4. ^Jackson, Robert, The Encyclopedia of Military Aircraft, Paragon, 2002. {{ISBN|0-7525-8130-9}} External links{{Commons category}}
7 : French military reconnaissance aircraft 1910–1919|French bomber aircraft 1910–1919|Single-engined pusher aircraft|Biplanes|Farman aircraft|French military trainer aircraft 1910–1919|Aircraft first flown in 1913 |
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