| 词条 | Charles Howard, 11th Duke of Norfolk |
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| name = Charles Howard | title = Duke of Norfolk | image = Charles Howard, 11th Duke of Norfolk by Thomas Gainsborough.jpg | image_size = 200px | caption = Painting by Thomas Gainsborough. | spouse = Marion Coppinger Frances Scudamore | issue = | full name = | noble family = Howard | father = Charles Howard, 10th Duke of Norfolk | mother = Catherine Brockholes | birth_date = {{birth date|1746|3|15|df=y}} | death_date = {{death-date and age|16 December 1815|15 March 1746}} |}} Charles Howard, 11th Duke of Norfolk (15 March 1746 – 16 December 1815), styled Earl of Surrey from 1777 to 1786, was a British nobleman, peer, and politician. He was the son of Charles Howard, 10th Duke of Norfolk and Catherine Brockholes. Howard was known for actively participating in the Tory party as part of the support for King George III. He also spent a considerable amount of his money rebuilding and refurbishing Arundel Castle after inheriting his title and lands. FamilyHe married, firstly, Marion Coppinger (daughter of John Coppinger), on 1 August 1767, who died a year later giving birth. He married, secondly, Frances Scudamore (1750–1820), the only child of Charles FitzRoy-Scudamore and his wife Frances, formerly Duchess of Beaufort, on 6 April 1771 at London, England. Frances soon became insane after her marriage and was locked away until her death in 1820. Howard then lived with several mistresses. His longtime mistress, Mary Ann Gibbon (a cousin of Edward Gibbon), was reputed to be his secret third wife and she had five children by him, including two sons who were officers of arms, Matthew Howard-Gibbon, and Edward Howard-Gibbon. An older illegitimate son by a previous mistress, Sir William Woods, later became Garter King of Arms. Politics and lettersNorfolk renounced his Catholicism to start his political life, but remained a staunch supporter of Catholic Emancipation, as well as opposing the war with the American colonies.[1] He sat in Parliament from 1780 to 1784, became a lord of the treasury in the Portland cabinet in 1783. He succeeded to the title of 11th Duke of Norfolk in 1786 upon the death of his father. Eventually he was dismissed from the lord lieutenancy of the West Riding in 1798 for toasting the "sovereign English people" in terms displeasing to George III.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=744}} He was known as the "Architectural Duke" for setting in motion the rebuilding of Arundel Castle after over one hundred years of neglect into the regency style. The 15th Duke disliked the 11th Duke's style but left his Library, which is regarded as the best room in the Castle.[2] Norfolk wrote Historical Anecdotes of some of the Howard Family (1769 and 1817).{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=744}} He was a good friend of Sir Bysshe Shelley, allowing him in 1786 to make out the patent for his baronetcy.[1] Shelley was influenced by Norfolk and built the flamboyant Castle Goring, one side of which was a partial copy of Norfolk's residence of Arundel Castle.[1] Norfolk died on 16 December 1815 at age 69, without issue from either of his two legal marriages. Upon his death, his lands and titles passed to his cousin, Bernard. See also
Notes1. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=agbHUJEnHPMC&pg=PA30|title=Percy Bysshe Shelley|publisher=}} 2. ^{{Cite Americana|wstitle=Norfolk, Charles Howard, 11th Duke of}} References
External links{{commonscatinline}}{{s-start}}{{s-par|gb}}{{succession box | title=Member of Parliament for Carlisle| with = William Lowther 1780–1784 Edward Norton 1784–1786 John Lowther 1786 John Christian 1786–1790 | before=Anthony Storer Walter Spencer-Stanhope | after=John Christian Edward Knubley | years=1780–1786}}{{succession box | title=Member of Parliament for Arundel | with = Thomas Fitzherbert | before= Thomas Fitzherbert Peter William Baker | after= Thomas Fitzherbert Richard Beckford | years=1784}}{{s-off}}{{s-bef | before=The Earl of Effingham}}{{s-ttl | title=Deputy Earl Marshal | years=1782–1786}}{{s-vac}}{{succession box | title=Earl Marshal | before=The Duke of Norfolk | after=The Duke of Norfolk | years=1786–1815}}{{s-hon}}{{succession box | title=Lord Lieutenant of the West Riding of Yorkshire | before=The Marquess of Rockingham | after=The Earl FitzWilliam | years=1782–1798}}{{succession box | title=Lord Lieutenant of Sussex | before=The Duke of Richmond | after=The Duke of Richmond | years=1807–1815}}{{s-reg|en}}{{succession box | title=Duke of Norfolk | years=1786–1815 | before=Charles Howard | after=Bernard Howard}}{{s-end}}{{Dukes of Norfolk}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Norfolk, Charles Howard, 11th Duke Of}} 14 : 1746 births|1815 deaths|Dukes of Norfolk|Earls of Arundel|Earls of Surrey|Earls of Norfolk (1644)|Barons Maltravers|Howard family (English aristocracy)|Earls Marshal|Lord-Lieutenants of Sussex|Lord-Lieutenants of the West Riding of Yorkshire|Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for English constituencies|Whig (British political party) MPs|Fellows of the Royal Society |
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