请输入您要查询的百科知识:

 

词条 Federal Surplus Commodities Corporation
释义

  1. History

  2. See also

  3. References

  4. External links

{{Infobox government agency
|agency_name = Federal Surplus Commodities Corporation
|type =
|nativename =
|nativename_a =
|nativename_r =
|logo =
|logo_width =
|logo_caption =
|seal =
|seal_width =
|seal_caption =
|picture = Surplus Commodities - NARA - 195893.tif
|picture_width = 240px
|picture_caption = Marketing surplus commodities (1939)
|formed = Charter granted by State of Delaware, {{Start date|1933|10|04}}[1]
|preceding1 =
|preceding2 =
|dissolved = February 23, 1942
|superseding = Agricultural Marketing Administration
|jurisdiction =
|headquarters =
|coordinates =
|employees =
|budget =
|minister1_name =
|minister1_pfo =
|minister2_name =
|minister2_pfo =
|deputyminister1_name =
|deputyminister1_pfo =
|deputyminister2_name =
|deputyminister2_pfo =
|chief1_name =
|chief1_position =
|chief2_name =
|chief2_position =
|agency_type =
|parent_department = United States Department of Agriculture
|parent_agency =
|child1_agency =
|child2_agency =
|keydocument1 =
|website =
|footnotes =
|map =
|map_width =
|map_caption =
}}

The Federal Surplus Commodities Corporation was one of the so-called alphabet agencies set up in the United States during the 1930s as part of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal. Created in 1933 as the Federal Surplus Relief Corporation, its name was changed by charter amendment on November 18, 1935. In 1937 its administration was placed within the United States Department of Agriculture. In 1940 it was combined with other USDA initiatives to form the Surplus Marketing Administration. It was abolished February 23, 1942, with the creation of the Agricultural Marketing Administration.

The purpose of the agency was to divert agricultural commodities from the open market, where prices were depressed by surplus farm products, to destitute families.[1]

As of 2012, the Federal purchase and distribution of surplus food still continues, now under the auspices of the Emergency Food Assistance Program.

History

{{multiple image
| align = right
| direction = vertical
| width = 220
| image1 = First-Printing-US-Food-Stamps-1939.jpg
| alt1 =
| caption1 = An effort to manage agricultural surpluses, the first food stamps (marked "F.S.C.C." at top) came off the presses at the Bureau of Engraving and Printing on April 20, 1939.
| image2 = Blue-US-Food-Stamp-1939.jpg
| alt2 =
| caption2 = Orange stamps were good for any grocery item the purchaser chose, while blue stamps bought only surplus foods such as dairy products, eggs, citrus fruits, prunes and fresh vegetables.
}}

In summer 1933, the Agricultural Adjustment Administration tried to boost the wholesale price of agricultural produce through an artificial scarcity initiative, in which crops were plowed up or left to rot and six million pigs were killed and discarded.[2] The public outcry over this waste of resources led to the October 1933 establishment of the Federal Surplus Relief Corporation, which aimed to divert commodities such as apples, beans, canned beef and cotton to local relief organizations.[3] In December 1933, the agency distributed three million tons of coal to the unemployed of Wisconsin, Minnesota, Michigan, North Dakota, South Dakota and Iowa [4] and in September 1934 shipped 692,228,274 pounds of foodstuffs to the unemployed in 30 US states.[5]

On November 18, 1935, its name was changed to the Federal Surplus Commodities Corporation, and the Secretary of Agriculture, Henry A. Wallace at that time, the head of the Agricultural Adjustment Administration, and the governor of the Farm Credit Administration were placed on its board of directors.[6]

The Federal Surplus Commodities Corporation was the first federal contribution to the school lunch programs and the first step toward the national school lunch program. In March 1937, there were 3,839 schools receiving commodities for lunch programs serving 342,031 children daily. Two years later, the number of schools participating had grown to 14,075 and the number of children had risen to 892,259.[7]

The Federal Surplus Commodities Corporation was continued as an agency under the secretary of agriculture by acts of June 28, 1937 (50 Stat. 323) and February 16, 1938 (52 Stat. 38). The agency was consolidated with Division of Marketing and Marketing Agreements into Surplus Marketing Administration by Reorg. Plan No. III of 1940, then merged into Agricultural Marketing Administration by Executive Order 9069 of February 23, 1942.{{clarify|date=December 2014}}

After World War II, the Federal purchase and distribution of food services continued. In the 1960s, counties began to cease distributing the surpluses direct to low income individuals, instead providing an early form of food stamp.[8]

Since 1990, the main program responsible for the distribution of surpluses has been the Emergency Food Assistance and Soup Kitchen-Food Bank Program . In the 1980s, the program was called the Temporary Emergency Food Assistance Program. It is now often referred to as the Emergency Food Assistance Program and is administrated by the USDA. As of 2012, surpluses are still distributed, though to food banks and other emergency food agencies, not directly to individuals.[9]

See also

  • Commodity Credit Corporation

References

1. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.archives.gov/research/guide-fed-records/groups/124.html |title=Records of the Surplus Marketing Administration (1933–43) |publisher=Guide to Federal Records in the National Archives of the United States |access-date=2018-04-20 }}
2. ^{{ cite book | author = Heinemann, R. L. | title = Depression and New Deal in Virginia: The Enduring Dominion | year = 1983 | page = 107 | publisher = University of Virginia Press | isbn = 9780813909462 }}
3. ^{{Cite web | title = Timeline: Surviving the Dust Bowl, 1931–1939 | work = American Experience | publisher = PBS | accessdate = 2012-03-02 | url = https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/timeline/dustbowl/ | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20120307074357/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/timeline/dustbowl/ | archivedate = 2012-03-07 | df = }}
4. ^{{Cite web | title = Coal Ordered for Needy | work = NY Times | accessdate = 2012-03-02 | url = http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F60F11F73F5516738DDDAC0994DA415B838FF1D3&scp=18&sq=%22Federal%20Surplus%20Relief%22&st=cse }} (subscription required)
5. ^{{Cite web | title = Relief Foods Total 692,228,274 Pounds | work = NY Times | date = 1934-10-18 | accessdate = 2013-09-20 | url = http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F40F14F8395B107A93CAA8178BD95F408385F9&scp=12&sq=%22Federal%20Surplus%20Relief%22&st=cse }} (subscription required)
6. ^{{ cite book |author1=Betters, P. V. |author2=Williams, J. K. |author3=Reeder, S. L. | year = 1978 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=ttuHFT1Je5YC&lpg=PA85&pg=PA85#v=onepage&f=false | title = Cities and the 1936 Congress | publisher = Arno Press | pages = 85–86 | isbn = 0405104782 | lccn = 77074929 }}
7. ^{{ cite web | author = Gunderson, G. W. | url = http://www.fns.usda.gov/cnd/lunch/aboutlunch/ProgramHistory_4.htm | title = The National School Lunch Program - Background and Development | publisher = USDA Food and Nutrition Service | date = 2013-01-29 }}
8. ^{{cite book | author = Poppendieck, J. | title = Sweet Charity: Emergency Food and the End of Entitlement | chapter = Introduction, Chapter 1 | year = 1999 | isbn = 0140245561 | publisher = Penguin }}
9. ^{{cite news | url = http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/nation/story/2012-09-09/food-back-shortage/57698834/1 | title = Food banks run short as federal government hands out less | author = Worst, M. | work = USA TODAY | date = 2012-09-09 }}

External links

{{Commons category inline|Federal Surplus Commodities Corporation}}

7 : New Deal agencies|Food security in the United States|Waste in the United States|Pork|United States Department of Agriculture agencies|1933 establishments in the United States|Corporations chartered by the United States Congress

随便看

 

开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识,基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识,是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。

 

Copyright © 2023 OENC.NET All Rights Reserved
京ICP备2021023879号 更新时间:2024/11/14 6:24:28