| 词条 | Feliks Kon |
| 释义 |
| name = Feliks Kon Феликс Яковлевич Кон | image = Feliks Kon 1920.png | nationality = Polish Jewish; Russian Jewish (Congress Poland) | order = Leader of Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Ukraine temporarily | term_start = March 22, 1921 | term_end = December 14, 1921 | predecessor = Vyacheslav Molotov | successor = Dmitriy Manuilsky | birth_date = {{Birth date|1864|5|18|mf=y}} | birth_place = Warsaw, Russian Empire | death_date = {{death date and age|1941|7|28|1864|5|18|mf=y}} | death_place = Moscow, Soviet Union | alma_mater = University of Warsaw | religion = | spouse = | children = }} Feliks Yakovlevich Kon (May 18, 1864 – July 30, 1941) was a Polish communist activist. CareerBorn in Warsaw, Kon was the son of Yakov Kon (Hebrew: יעקב כון הכהן) and a Georgian Jewish woman whom was brought up in Russia.[1] He was trained as a historian and a journalist, but was involved in politics.[2] He had limited knowledge of Polish affairs at first, but intuitively felt the revolutionary element among Polish workers that he could mobilize.[1] He was a member of the anti-Piłsudski faction of the Polish Socialist Party and gravitated towards the anti-independence & pro-communism point of view. In January 1897 the Tsarist government at last taken took an administrative decision to banish him.[3] He was exiled to Irkutsk and began working on the progressive newspaper "Vostochnoye Obozrenie" (Eastern Review).[4] As the Bolsheviks began to prepare for the Polish-Soviet War, they summoned an increasing number of Polish communists, active elsewhere in Soviet service, to Moscow in order to form a cadre of party and state officials to move into ethnographic Poland with the Red Army.[5] He was put on the Provisional Polish Revolutionary Committee (formed in Białystok on July 30, 1920 - dissolved August 20, 1920)[6] during the Polish-Soviet War. During this period he was editor-in-chief of the Goniec Czerwony newspaper, the official organ of the temporary revolutionary committee. The first issue appeared on August 7. Its purpose was to agitate and it printed all the appeals issued by the Communist puppet government, as well as distinctly skewed news from the war. Twelve issues appeared, the last on August 20 as the Polish army approached the city. In the last issue he triumphantly proclaimed in an article entitled "Dwa światy" (Two Worlds): The old world disappears, but a new one is born: great, powerful and a genuinely independent Polish Socialist Republic will hold the prominent post in this world.[7] After the war, he decided to remain in the Soviet Union, where he was an activist in the Communist Party (Bolshevik) of Ukraine, Comintern. However, letters written by Vladimir Lenin referred to Kon, whom he "couldn't stand", as simply an "old fool" (staryi duren).[8] Kon also served as an editor at several newspapers including Krasnaya Zvezda. In 1941, he became the director of the Polish-directed propaganda section at Radio Moscow. The first broadcasts in Polish were on June 22, 1941. However, he died a natural death shortly afterwards at age 77, at Moscow's Khimki water station during the evacuation of the city before the advancing German army and the Battle of Moscow.[9] All the other members of the Polish Socialist Party-Left were later liquidated by the NKVD.[10] ArtsDuring his exile for revolutionary activity turned to ethnographic research although he had no preparation for it. He also recorded literature possessions in Siberia.[11] During the late 1920s and 1930s, he was the head of the museum department in the People's Commissariat for Education. As an "old Bolshevik" he managed to secure many pictures for the Kyrgyz Gallery.[12] In 1936, he published his memoirs (in Russian) entitled Za Pietdziesiat Let (also translated into Polish in 1969: Narodziny wieku – wspomnienia published by Książka i Wiedza). ShipA Russian sea vessel named in his honor, the Feliks Kon, sank in 1996 in the Sea of Okhotsk, releasing 1000 tons of fuel oil.[13] Notes1. ^1 {{cite web|url= http://www.komunizm.nazwa.pl/kunicki/089michal.htm |last=Nowicki |first=Michał |title=Stanisław Kunicki w polskiej historiografii |language=Polish |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20070223110955/http://www.komunizm.nazwa.pl/kunicki/089michal.htm |archivedate=23 February 2007 |accessdate=7 April 2014}} 2. ^{{cite web| url=http://www.jewishgen.org/BELARUS/rje_k.htm |title=Jewish Encyclopedia of Russia (Rossiyskaya Evreiskaya Entsiclopediya); first edition |year=1995 |location= Moscow |accessdate=7 April 2014}} 3. ^{{cite journal|first=P. Iu. |last=Savel'ev |first2=S. V. |last2=Tiutiukin |title=Iulii Osipovich Martov (1873-1923): The Man and the Politician |journal=Russian Studies in History |volume=45 |issue=1 |pages=6–92 |date=Summer 2006 |doi=10.2753/RSH1061-1983450101}} 4. ^{{cite book| last=Solzhenitsyn |first=Alexandr I. |year=1974 |title=The Gulag Archipelago, 1918-1956 |publisher=HarperCollins |isbn=978-0-06-013914-8 |page=337 }} 5. ^{{cite book|last=Debo |first=Richard K. |year=1992 |title=Survival and Consolidation: The Foreign Policy of Soviet Russia, 1918-1921 |publisher=McGill-Queen's Press |isbn= 978-0-7735-0828-6 |page=225 }} 6. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Poland.htm |title=Poland Chronology (Polish Soviet Socialist Republic) |first=Ben |last=Cahoon |publisher=worldstatesmen.org |accessdate=7 April 2014}} 7. ^{{cite web|url= http://geocities.com/kpp_1918/rewkom.htm |title=Przemysław Sieradzan Julian Marchlewski i Krótka Historia Polskiego Rewolucyjnego Komitetu |language=Polish |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20090809204324/http://geocities.com/kpp_1918/rewkom.htm |archivedate=9 August 2009 |accessdate=7 April 2014}} 8. ^{{cite journal|jstor= 40870275 |last=Elwood |first=Carter |title=Lenin and Armand: New evidence on an old affair |journal=Canadian Slavonic Papers |volume=43 |issue=1 |date=March 2001 |pages=49–65 }} 9. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.crai.republika.pl/vor.htm |language=Polish |title=Radio Voice of Russia - History of the Polish broadcasts |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20070207113215/http://crai.republika.pl/vor.htm |archivedate=7 February 2007 |accessdate=7 April 2014}} 10. ^{{cite web|url= http://files.osa.ceu.hu/holdings/300/8/3/text/40-2-53.shtml |title=Poland's Communist Party: Its History, Character and Composition |pages=2–3 |publisher= Open Society Archives at Central European University |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20070914104819/http://files.osa.ceu.hu/holdings/300/8/3/text/40-2-53.shtml |archivedate=14 September 2007 |accessdate=7 April 2014}} 11. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.racjonalista.pl/kk.php/k,2/s,4160 |last=Michałowski |first=Witold Stanisław |title=Szamańskie safari (2) |language=Polish |publisher=Fundacja Wolnej Myśli |date=30 January 2011 |accessdate=7 April 2014}} 12. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.apms.kg/tourism/aboutkyrg_muzeiiskustv_e.html |title=Brief information about the history of the Fine Arts Museum and the founders of fine arts in Kyrgyzstan |publisher=apms.kg |archivedate=2 February 2007 |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20070202165751/http://www.apms.kg/tourism/aboutkyrg_muzeiiskustv_e.html |accessdate=7 April 2014}} 13. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.fco.gov.uk/Files/kfile/russiaenviro.pdf |title=Environmental Problems in the Russian Federation |page=12 |publisher=Foreign & Commonwealth Office |date=October 2000 |archivedate=27 September 2007 |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20070927213426/http://www.fco.gov.uk/Files/kfile/russiaenviro.pdf |accessdate=7 April 2014}} References{{Refbegin}}
11 : 1864 births|1941 deaths|Polish communists|Imperial Russian Jews|Polish Jews|Soviet Jews|People from Warsaw|19th-century Polish politicians|Communist Party of Ukraine (Soviet Union) politicians|Soviet leaders of Ukraine|Soviet people of Polish descent |
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