| 词条 | Felix St. Vrain |
| 释义 |
| image = Felix St. Vrain Grave.jpg | imagesize = 200px | caption = The grave of Felix St. Vrain. St. Vrain, was a United States Indian Agent and was killed, in an Indian attack, later known as the St. Vrain Massacre, during the Black Hawk War of 1832, the last Indian war in Illinois. | birth_name = Felix August Antoine St. Vrain | birth_date = March 23, 1799 | birth_place = St. Louis, Spanish Upper Louisiana Territory, present-day St. Louis, Missouri | death_date = May 24, 1832 (aged 33) | death_place = Stephenson County, Illinois, near present-day Pearl City, Stephenson County, Illinois | death_cause = gunshot wound in Indian attack | resting_place = Kellogg's Grove Cemetery, Kellogg's Grove, Stephenson County, Illinois | occupation = saw mill owner, sawyer, Indian agent | employer = U.S. Government | nationality = American | other_names = | known_for = | title = | salary = | networth = | term = | predecessor = | successor = | party = | boards = | spouse = Marie Pauline Gregoire | children = | parents = Jacques Marcellin Ceran de Hault de Lassus St. Vrain and Marie Felicite Dubreuil St. Vrain | relatives = Ceran St. Vrain (brother), Savinien St. Vrain (brother), Marcellin St. Vrain (brother) Charles Emanuel St. Vrain (brother), Domitille St Vrain (brother), Emma De Hault Vrain (sister) | known for = Being a United States Indian Agent to the Sauk and Fox Tribes, who was killed in the Black Hawk War and was the brother of St. Louis fur trader, Ceran St. Vrain, who was the trading partner, of the Bent Brothers of, Bent's Fort, now La Junta, Otero County, Colorado }} Felix St. Vrain, born Felix August Antoine St. Vrain (March 23, 1799–May 24, 1832), was an American United States Indian agent who was killed by Native Americans during the Black Hawk War. St. Vrain died along with three companions while on a mission to deliver dispatches from Dixon's Ferry to Fort Armstrong, both in Illinois. The incident has become known as the St. Vrain massacre. He was the brother of Ceran St. Vrain, a St. Louis fur trader who was the partner of the Bent Brothers. Together they established Bent's Fort, the only privately held fort in the west. It is located at what is now La Junta, Otero County, Colorado. Early lifeFelix St. Vrain was born in St. Louis, Missouri, a son of Jacques DeHault Delassus de St. Vrain, a French aristocrat, who had immigrated to escape the violence of the French Revolution. His mother was an ethnic French woman from St. Louis.[1] St. Vrain married Marie Pauline Gregoire in 1822, and eight years later settled in Kaskaskia, Illinois, a former French colonial city in the 18th century.[1] Operating a sawmill in Kaskaskia, St. Vrain was 31 years old when he was appointed to replace Thomas Forsyth as a US Indian agent.[1] U.S. Indian agentSt. Vrain started working for the United States government as an Indian Agent in 1830.[1] He was assigned to the Sauk and Fox nations around Rock Island, Illinois during William Clark's tenure as superintendent of the St. Louis Indian Agency.[1] St. Vrain was appointed while Forsyth continued to criticize William Clark's administration.[1] St. Vrain had almost no experience dealing with Indians but, as a member of a politically important St. Louis-French family, he had connections to U.S. Senator Elias Kent Kane.[1] Kane was a close acquaintance of William Clark and recommended St. Vrain for the appointment.[1] Black Hawk War and St. Vrain MassacreWhen the Black Hawk War began, St. Vrain was stationed at Fort Armstrong. The story circulated upon his death by Governor John Reynolds was that St. Vrain was keenly in tune with Indian culture and was treacherously murdered by a chief who had adopted him as a brother, even naming him Little Bear.[2] This story is almost certainly not true.[2] {{main|St. Vrain massacre}}While on a mission to deliver dispatches, from Dixon's Ferry, present-day Dixon, Illinois to Galena, under the command of General Henry Atkinson, Felix St. Vrain was killed, along with three other members of his party, on May 24, 1832. This incident was later known by Ameicans as the "St. Vrain Massacre". The St. Vrain party were most likely attacked by a band of pro-Sauk Ho-Chunk warriors, though sources disagree over the attackers' tribe.[3][12][4] St. Vrain and the other victims were buried by a detachment of soldiers under Colonel Henry Dodge.[4] One account of the massacre, from Gen. George Wallace Jones (St. Vrain's brother-in-law and the man who identified his body), claimed the attackers scalped all of the dead men, and cut off the hands, head and feet of St. Vrain. They removed his heart, which they ate as part of their post-battle ritual to take on power of the enemy.[3] The four men were buried in Kellogg's Grove.[5] In 1834 (either January 6[1] or March 24[6]) the U.S. Congress passed a bill to provided financial aid to St. Vrain's family.[7] They made a 640-acre land grant to his wife in the state of Missouri.[6] See also
Notes1. ^1 2 3 Trask, Kerry A., Black Hawk: The Battle for the Heart of America, ([https://books.google.com/books?id=3HKUMVjCdj4C Google Books link]), Macmillan, New York: 2007, p. 89. 2. ^1 Armstrong Perry A. The Sauks and the Black Hawk War ([https://books.google.com/books?id=OklCAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA415&dq=felix+St.+vrain&hl=en&ei=cJw6TdSiHcXTgQf3pcnECA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7&ved=0CEAQ6AEwBg#v=onepage&q=felix%20St.%20vrain&f=false Google Books link]) H.W. Rokker, printer, 1887 pp. 414-16. 3. ^1 Stevens, Frank E. The Black Hawk War, Frank E. Stevens 1903, pp. 169-171. Available online at Northern Illinois University Libraries Digitization Project. 4. ^1 2 "The Killing of Felix St. Vrain," Historic Diaries: Black Hawk War, Wisconsin Historical Society. Retrieved 28 July 2007. 5. ^Dameier, Evelyn. "Kellogg's Grove {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927054915/http://gis.hpa.state.il.us/hargis/PDFs/200106.pdf |date=September 27, 2007 }}," (PDF), National Register of Historic Places Nomination Form, 18 January 1978, HAARGIS Database, Illinois Historic Preservation Agency. Retrieved 26 July 2007. 6. ^1 Britton Alexander Thompson. Laws of the United States of a Local or Temporary Character ([https://books.google.com/books?id=TuM9AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA436&dq=felix+St.+vrain&hl=en&ei=cJw6TdSiHcXTgQf3pcnECA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=8&ved=0CEUQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=felix%20St.%20vrain&f=false Google Books link] Government Printing Office, 1880 p. 436. 7. ^1 2 3 4 5 Delassus-St. Vrain Family Collection, (PDF), "Biographical Sketch," Missouri History Museum, p. 3. Retrieved 28 July 2007. External links
7 : 1799 births|1832 deaths|American people of the Black Hawk War|American people of French descent|People from Kaskaskia, Illinois|People from St. Louis|United States Indian agents |
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