| 词条 | Fellowship for Intentional Community |
| 释义 |
The Fellowship for Intentional Community (FIC) provides publications, referrals, support services, and "sharing opportunities" for a wide range of intentional communities, cohousing groups, ecovillages, community networks, support organizations, and people seeking a home in community.{{sfn|Sreenivasan|2008|p=144}}{{sfn|Gurvis|2006|p=107}} The FIC is a nonprofit 501(c)(3) organization in the United States. [1]ActivitiesThe FIC publishes Communities magazine, the Communities Directory,{{sfn|Sreenivasan|2008|p=144}} Journal of Cooperative Living, FIC Newsletter and the Intentional Communities web site.[2] It also sponsors and presents periodic Community gatherings, including annual gatherings at Twin Oaks and Art of Community events in various locations around the US.[2] Organizational historyThe history of FIC began in 1937 in Ann Arbor, Michigan, which still has one of the largest concentration of intentional communities per capita.{{sfn|Gurvis|2006|p=107}} The group/network of 19 student-run houses in Ann Arbor had formed The International Cooperative Council (ICC), a forerunner of FIC.{{sfn|Gurvis|2006|p=107}} The Fellowship for Intentional Communities was founded as Inter-Community Exchange in 1940 by Arthur E. Morgan (1878–1976) for communication and exchange of goods between intentional communities.{{sfn|Morris|Kross|2009|p=101}} During World War II, some of these communities served as refuge for pacifists.{{sfn|Morris|Kross|2009|p=101}} Alongside the aforementioned co-sponsorship with Twin Oaks Community, Virginia, some of the members of the "Inter-Community Exchange" were Hidden Springs in New Jersey; Tangy Homesteads in Philadelphia; Tuolumne Co-operative Farms near Modesto, California; Skyview Acres at Pomona, New York; Parisfield near Brighton, Michigan; Kingwood in New Jersey; Quest near Royal Ark, Michigan; Canterbury outside Concord, New Hampshire; May Valley near Seattle; The Valley near Yellow Springs, Ohio; St. Francis Acres/Glen Gardener in New Jersey; Koinonia Partners near Americus, Georgia; and the Bruderhof (Society of Brothers).{{sfn|Morris|Kross|2009|p=101}} In 1952, FIC created the Homer Morris Loan Fund — which has subsequently provided over $200,000 in small loans to intentional community businesses and associated enterprises. When the FIC's activities decreased in the 1960s, the loan fund continued separately as the non-profit Community Educational Service Council, Inc. (CESCI), and the FIC held annual gatherings of communitarians in conjunction with CESCI's board meetings.{{Citation needed|date=September 2011}} In 1954, FIC began holding annual conferences at Yellow Springs, Ohio and Pendle Hill, Pennsylvania.{{sfn|Veysey|1978|p=39}} Then "Inter-Community Exchange" gradually weakened and was dissolved in 1961; a major reason for this was withdrawal of the Bruderhof (largest and most prosperous member).{{sfn|Morris|Kross|2009|p=101}} The Bruderhof is still listed on the FIC website[3]. It was revived under the its current name "Fellowship for Intentional Community"{{sfn|Morris|Kross|2009|p=101}} and incorporated as non-profit organization{{sfn|Hahnel|2005|p=366}} in 1986. In the mid 1980s, inspired by the earlier FIC and other regional community networks, a number of community activists sensed that the time was ripe to organize a continental communities network. The FIC is a nonprofit, tax-exempt charitable educational organization. Participation has been expanded to include most of North America — the Fellowship now includes a wide range of individuals, well over a hundred intentional communities, and various support organizations.[4] Citations1. ^[https://www.irs.gov/app/pub-78/search.do?nameSearchTypeStarts=false&names=fellowship+for+intentional+community&nameSearchTypeAll=true&city=&state=All...&country=USA&deductibility=all&dispatchMethod=search&submitName=Search 501(c)(3) status] 2. ^1 {{cite web |url = http://fic.ic.org/projects.php |title = FIC Projects and Services |publisher = The Fellowship for Intentional Communities |accessdate = 2011-09-12 |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20110902010802/http://fic.ic.org/projects.php |archivedate = 2011-09-02 |df = }} 3. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.ic.org/directory/bruderhof/|title=Bruderhof - Fellowship for Intentional Community|work=Fellowship for Intentional Community|access-date=2017-05-24|language=en-US}} 4. ^http://www.ic.org See also
References
| ref = harv | last = Christian | first = D. | authorlink = Diana Leafe Christian | title = Creating a Life Together: Practical Tools to Grow Ecovillages and Intentional Communities | year = 2003 | publisher = New Society Publishers | isbn = 0-86571-471-1 }}
| ref = harv | last = Gurvis | first = Sandra. | title = Where have all the flower children gone? | year = 2006 | publisher = Univ. Press of Mississippi | isbn = 1-57806-314-0 }}
| ref = harv | last = Hahnel | first = Robin. | title = Economic justice and democracy: from competition to cooperation | year = 2005 | publisher = Routledge | isbn = 0-415-93344-7 }}
| ref = harv | last = McLaughlin | first = C. |last2=Davidson |first2=G. | title = Builders of the Dawn: Community Lifestyles in a Changing World | year = 1990 | publisher = Book Publishing Company | isbn = 0-913990-68-X }}
| ref = harv | last = Morris | first = James |last2=Kross |first2=Andrea L. | title = The A to Z of Utopianism | year = 2009 | publisher = Scarecrow Press | isbn = 0-8108-6819-9 }}
| ref = harv | last = Sreenivasan | first = Jyotsna. | title = Utopias in American history | year = 2008 | publisher = ABC-CLIO | isbn = 1-59884-052-5 }}
| ref = harv | last = Veysey | first = Laurence R. |authorlink=Laurence Veysey | title = The Communal Experience | year = 1978 | publisher = University of Chicago Press | isbn = 0-226-85458-2 }} External links
2 : Intentional communities|Charities based in Missouri |
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