| 词条 | Ferrari 156 F1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| Car_name = Ferrari 156 | Image = | Category = Formula One | WC_results_only = Y | Constructor = Ferrari | Designer = Carlo Chiti | Predecessor = 246 F1/246P | Successor = 158 | Team = Scuderia Ferrari FISA Scuderia Sant Ambroeus | Drivers = {{flagicon|USA}} Phil Hill {{flagicon|FRG}} Wolfgang von Trips {{flagicon|USA}} Richie Ginther {{flagicon|BEL}} Willy Mairesse {{flagicon|ITA}} Giancarlo Baghetti {{flagicon|MEX|1934}} Ricardo Rodríguez {{flagicon|ITA}} Lorenzo Bandini {{flagicon|GBR}} John Surtees {{flagicon|ITA}} Ludovico Scarfiotti | Chassis = Tubular Spaceframe | Front suspension = | Engine name = Ferrari Type 178, | Capacity = {{convert|1477|cc|cuin|1|abbr=on}}, | Configuration = 120° V6 2 valves per cylinder DOHC, | Turbo/NA = naturally aspirated | Engine position = Mid-engined, longitudinally mounted | Gearbox name = Ferrari Type 543/C | Gears = 5-speed | Type = manual | Differential = | Fuel = Shell | Tyres = Dunlop | Debut = 1961 Monaco Grand Prix | Races = 29 | Wins = 7 | Cons_champ = 2 ({{f1|1961}}, {{f1|1964}})[1] | Drivers_champ = 1 ({{f1|1961}} – Phil Hill) | Poles = 7 | Fastest_laps = 7 }} The Ferrari 156 was a racing car made by Ferrari in 1961 to comply with then-new Formula One regulations that reduced engine displacement from 2.5- to 1.5-litres, similar to the pre-1961 Formula Two class for which Ferrari had developed a mid-engined car also called 156. Phil Hill won the 1961 World Championship of Drivers[2] and Ferrari secured the 1961 International Cup for F1 Manufacturers,[3] both victories achieved with the 156.[4]DevelopmentSharknoseThe 1961 version was affectionately dubbed "sharknose" due to its characteristic air intake "nostrils". Then-Ferrari factory policy inevitably saw all the remaining sharknose 156s scrapped by the end of the 1963 season. Nevertheless, such a 156 is exhibited in the "Galleria Ferrari"[5] at Maranello, probably a replica. A similar intake duct styling was applied to the six SP series Ferraris[6] in 1961 and 1962 that were also designed by Carlo Chiti, and then again over forty years later to the Ferrari 360. Ferrari started the season with a 65-degree Dino engine, then replaced by a new engine with the V-angle increased to 120-degrees and designed by Carlo Chiti. A V-6 engine with 120-degree bank is smoother at producing power because every 120-degree rotation of engine crankshaft produces a power pulse. This change increased the power by {{Convert|10|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}}. Bore and stroke were {{convert|73.0|x|58.8|mm|abbr=on}} with a displacement of {{convert|1476.60|cc|abbr=on}} and a claimed {{Convert|190|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} at 9500 rpm. For 1962, a 24-valve version was planned with {{Convert|200|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} at 10,000 rpm, but never appeared. At the 1962 British Grand Prix, Phil Hill raced a new version with a six-speed transmission mounted in front of the engine. In August, at the German Grand Prix, Lorenzo Bandini tested a non-sharknose variant with modified front and rear suspension and a smaller radiator,[7] heralding the 156 Aero used in 1963. 1963 Ferrari 156 AeroThe updated Ferrari 156, used in the 1963 and 1964 seasons, did not feature the distinctive sharknose design.[8] but had a rather conventional intake, somewhat larger than the Ferrari 158 introduced in 1964. In 1963 the 12-valve version fitted with Bosch direct-fuel injection instead of carburetors achieved that power level. The last victory for the Ferrari 156 was achieved by Italian Lorenzo Bandini in the 1964 Austrian Grand Prix. {{-}}Monza crashOn September 10, 1961, after a collision with Jim Clark's Lotus on the second lap of the Italian Grand Prix, the 156 of Wolfgang von Trips (Hill's teammate) became airborne and crashed into a side barrier, fatally throwing him from the car and killing fifteen spectators. Famous drivers
In popular culture
Complete Formula One World Championship results(key) (results in bold indicate pole position; results in italics indicate fastest lap)
References1. ^In the {{f1|1964}} season the 156 was used in 6 Grands Prix, driven by Lorenzo Bandini (4 races), Ludovico Scarfiotti and Pedro Rodríguez (each 1) and scored 9 points for the Constructors' Championship. {{Scuderia Ferrari}}{{F1 cars 1961}}{{F1 cars 1962}}{{F1 cars 1963}}{{F1 cars 1964}}2. ^FIA Yearbook 1973, Grey section, pages 118–119 3. ^FIA Yearbook 1973, Grey section, pages 120–121 4. ^Peter Higham, The Guinness Guide to International Motor Racing, 1995, pages 38–40 5. ^Ferrari World: the official website dedicated to the Galleria Ferrari 6. ^{{Cite web|url=http://auto.ferrari.com/en_EN/sports-cars-models/past-models/246-sp/|title=Ferrari SP Series|last=|first=|date=|website=Official Ferrari Website|publisher=Ferrari|access-date=}} 7. ^{{cite magazine | ref = IMS9 | title = Skyfall över Tysklands GP |trans-title=Deluge on German GP | page = 25 | language = Swedish | last = Blunsden | first = John | location = Lerum, Sweden | magazine = Illustrerad Motor Sport | number = 9 | date = September 1962 }} 8. ^1963 Ferrari 156 Aero on www.f1technical.net 2 : Ferrari Formula One cars|Formula One championship-winning cars |
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