| 词条 | Fiat Campagnola | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| image = Fiat Campagnola Mk1.JPG | name = Fiat Campagnola | manufacturer = Fiat | assembly = | production = 1951–1973 | predecessor = | successor = | class = | platform = | layout = | body_style = | engine = | transmission = | wheelbase = {{convert|225|cm|in|1|abbr=on}} | length = {{convert|360|cm|in|1|abbr=on}} {{convert|403|cm|in|1|abbr=on}} | width = {{convert|148|cm|in|1|abbr=on}} | height = {{convert|195|cm|in|1|abbr=on}} | weight = {{convert|1250|kg|lb|abbr=on}} -{{convert|1350|kg|lb|abbr=on}} | aka = Zastava AR51/AR55 | related = | designer = }}The Fiat Campagnola is a heavy-duty off-road vehicle produced by Fiat. Production started in 1951[1] and it was upgraded in 1974. It was inspired by the Willys Jeep.[2] Since 1975 it has been delivered to every Italian armed service in many versions with standard or long wheelbase and canvas or hard top. {{anchor|1101}}Fiat 1101 "Campagnola" (1951-73)Civilian models
{{anchor|1107|Nuova}}Fiat 1107 "Nuova Campagnola" (1974-87){{Infobox automobile| image = Fiat "Campagnola" attempted murder of Pope John Paul II.jpg |caption=Fiat Campagnola as Popemobile in which Pope John Paul II was victim of the assassination attempt. This vehicle is now in the "Carriage museum" of the Vatican City. | name = Fiat Nuova Campagnola | manufacturer = Fiat | assembly = | production = 1974-1987 | predecessor = | successor = | class = | platform = | layout = | body_style = | engine = | transmission = | wheelbase = {{convert|230|cm|in|1|abbr=on}} | length = {{convert|378|cm|in|1|abbr=on}} {{convert|403|cm|in|1|abbr=on}} | width = {{convert|158|cm|in|1|abbr=on}} | height = {{convert|195|cm|in|1|abbr=on}} | weight = {{convert|1750|kg|lb|abbr=on}} | aka = Renault TRM500[3] | related = | designer = }} The Campagnola was redesigned for launch in June 1974[4] and in this form produced until 1987. The new vehicle used the petrol engine of the Fiat 132, but with a longer stroke which increased the capacity to 1,995 cc.[4] - the same enlarged engine turned up in the Fiat 132 itself two years later, albeit with twin overhead camshafts. There was a light alloy cylinder head: instead of the twin overhead camshafts of the 132, the engine in the Campagnola had a single side-mounted camshaft driven by a toothed belt, the valve movement being driven by pushrods and rockers. The large square engine compartment gave easy access to the engine bay which was designed to permit "wading" up to 70 cm deep.[4] The 57 litre fuel tank was positioned well out of range from rocks and flying stones, being under the twin passenger seat beside the driver.[4] MacPherson struts suspended all four wheels, with two struts for each of the rear wheels and a single strut for each of the front wheels.[4] All six struts used were of identical specification and thereby interchangeable.[4] Road testers from the UK commended the smoothness of the ride over rough ground which evidently compared very favourably with that offered by the Land Rover of the time.[4]A military version was introduced in 1976 (AR76) and 1979 after new updated it was called AR76. Engines
OthersThe “Campagnola” of the Distaccamento Aeroportuale di Ronchi dei Legionari is in the standard wheelbase hard top version. The vehicle is {{convert|3.775|m|in|1}} long, {{convert|1.580|m|in|1}} wide and {{convert|1.945|m|in|1}} high. The wheeltrack is {{convert|1.365|m|in|1}} and the wheelbase is {{convert|2.300|m|in|1}}. The minimum ground clearance is {{convert|0.27|m|in|1}}. The powerplant is a Fiat 4-cyl gasoline engine developing {{Convert|59|kW|hp|0|abbr=on}} at 4600 rpm through a 4X4 transmission. The suspension system is independent on all four wheels. Basic performance data include a {{convert|120|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}} maximum speed, a 56° gradeability (150%) and a maximum fording depth of {{convert|0.700|m|in|1}}. The “Campagnola” is used as an Incident Command post during the first phases of the emergency. It carries loudspeakers and other command and control equipment. Some light rescue equipment is carried in the back, including a rescue saw, an oxygen cutting torch and other ancillary equipment. Renault derivativeIn 1976 the French army was about to replace its Jeeps and several prototype series were made: Peugeot proposed the P4, an adaptation of the Mercedes G-Wagen, powered by the gasoline engine of Peugeot 504. Citroën offered its own version of the Volkswagen Iltis, using the CX Athena engine and renamed as C44. The Renault Campagnola TRM500 was derivative of Fiat Campagnola and used engine of Renault R20. Finally the Peugeot P4 was chosen as new army jeep.[5] ZastavaThe Campagnola was also license-built by Zastava Trucks, in Yugoslavia. See also
References1. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=56uvBIikfrQC&pg=PT298&dq=Fiat+Campagnola+produced+in+1951&hl=en&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Fiat%20Campagnola%20produced%20in%201951&f=false|title=Jeep CJ 1945-1986|last=Ackerson|first=Robert|date=2006|publisher=Veloce Publishing Ltd|year=|isbn=9781904788966|location=|pages=|language=en}} {{Fiat}}{{Early European Fiat vehicles}}{{Modern European Fiat vehicles}}2. ^{{Cite web|url=https://gearpatrol.com/2018/07/15/1975-fiat-campagnola/#5|title=This 1975 Vintage Fiat Campagnola Is Basically an Italian Land Rover Defender|last=|first=|date=15 July 2018|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=17 September 2018}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.campagnola.org/cms/sezioni.php?action=content&idsezione=55&cat=Applicazioni%20Campagnole |title=Campagnola Renault TRM500 History |publisher=Campagnola.org |date= |accessdate=2011-01-22}} 4. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite journal| journal = Autocar |volume = 141 (nbr 4053)| authorlink = Stuart Bladon |title =New Cross-country Vehicle from Fiat| page = Page 30| date = 22 June 1974}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.campagnola.org/cms/sezioni.php?action=content&idsezione=55&cat=Applicazioni%20Campagnole|title=CAMPAGNOLA RENAULT TRM500 |accessdate=2011-01-22|work=campagnola.org}} 5 : Fiat vehicles|Off-road vehicles|All-wheel-drive vehicles|Military light utility vehicles|Military vehicles of Italy |
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