| 释义 |
- Design and description Armament
- Ships
- Service
- References
- Bibliography
- Further reading
- External links
{{Infobox ship image| Ship image=Fidonisy-classDDs.jpg | Ship caption=Fidonisy-class destroyers maneuvering in close formation
}}{{Infobox ship class overview | Name=Fidonisy class | Builders=Naval Shipyard, Nikolayev | Russian Empire}}- {{navy|USSR}}
- {{navy|Bulgaria}}
| Derzky|destroyer|4}} | Soviet destroyer|Opytny | 2} | Cost=2.2 million rubles each | Built range=1915–1924 | In service range= | In commission range=1916–1956 | Total ships building= | Total ships planned=20 | Total ships completed=8 | Total ships lost=7 | Total ships scrapped=1 | Total ships cancelled=12
}}{{Infobox ship characteristics | Hide header= | Header caption=(Fidonisy as built) | Ship type= Destroyer | 1326|LT|t}} (normal)- {{cvt|1745|LT|t}} (full load)
| 92.51|-|93.26|m|ftin|abbr=on}} | 9.05|-|9.07|m|ftin|abbr=on}} | 3.2|-|3.81|m|ftin|abbr=on}} | 29000|shp|lk=in|abbr=on}} | Ship propulsion=2 shafts; 2 steam turbines | 31|kn|lk=in}} | 1850|nmi|lk=in|abbr=on}} at {{convert|18|kn}} | Ship complement=136 | 102|mm|in|0}} guns- 2 × single {{cvt|40|mm|in|0}} AA guns
- 4 × triple {{cvt|450|mm|in|1}} torpedo tubes
- 80 mines
| Ship notes=
}}{{Infobox ship characteristics | Hide header= | Header caption=(1943) | 1760|t|LT|abbr=on}} full load | Ship armament=*4 × single 102 mm guns- 2 × single {{cvt|45|mm|in|1}} AA guns
- 5 × single {{cvt|37|mm|in|1}} AA guns
- 2 × single {{cvt|20|mm|in|1}} AA guns
- 2 × single {{cvt|12.7|mm|in|1}} machine guns
- 4 × triple 450 mm torpedo tubes
- 80 mines
}} | The Fidonisy class, also known as the Kerch class, were a group of eight destroyers built for the Black Sea Fleet of the Imperial Russian Navy during World War I. They participated in World War I, the Russian Civil War, and World War II. Design and descriptionIn early 1914, several months before the beginning of World War I, the construction of a third series of eight destroyers based on Novik for the Black Sea Fleet was proposed by the Naval Ministry in response to a perceived strengthening of the Ottoman Navy. This was approved by Nicholas II on 24 June after the destroyers had received names in honor of the victories of Admiral Fyodor Ushakov on 16 June.[1] The Fidonisy-class ships were ultimately built as an improved version of the {{sclass-|Derzky|destroyer|4}} with an additional {{convert|102|mm|in|adj=on|0}} gun. Naval historian Siegfried Breyer considered the class to be the least successful of Novik{{'}}s successors.[2] The ships had an overall length of {{convert|92.51|-|93.26|m|ftin}}, had a beam of {{convert|9.05|-|9.07|m|ftin}}, and a draught of {{convert|3.2|-|4.04|m|ft|abbr=on}} at deep load.[1] They normally displaced {{convert|1326|LT|MT|lk=on}} and {{convert|1745|LT|MT}} at full load.[2] Their crew consisted of 136 officers and ratings.[5] They were powered by two Parsons direct-drive steam turbines, each driving one propeller shaft,[3] using steam provided by five Thornycroft boilers that operated at a pressure of {{convert|17|kg/cm2|kPa psi|0|abbr=on|lk=on}}[4] and a temperature of {{convert|205|°C}}.[5] The turbines, rated at {{convert|29000|shp|lk=in}}, were intended to give a maximum speed of {{convert|33|kn|lk=in}}, although they reportedly averaged about {{convert|27|kn}} in service.[2] The destroyers carried a maximum of {{convert|330|t|LT}} of fuel oil although the ships varied widely in their endurance, ranging from {{convert|1560|nmi|lk=in}} at {{convert|18.5|kn}} ({{ship|Soviet destroyer|Nezamozhnik||2}}) to {{cvt|2050|nmi}} at {{convert|19|kn}} ({{ship|Soviet destroyer|Zheleznyakov||2}}).[10] ArmamentThe Fidonisy class were armed with four 60-calibre 102 mm Pattern 1911 Obukhov guns, one on the forecastle and three aft; one of these latter guns was superfiring over the other two.[6] The guns had a rate of fire of 12–15 rounds per minute. They fired a {{convert|17.5|kg|lb|adj=on}} shell at a muzzle velocity of {{convert|823|m/s|ft/s|abbr=on}}, which gave them a range of {{convert|16095|m|yd}} at an elevation of +30°.[7] Each ship stowed 150 rounds per gun.[4] Anti-aircraft armament varied between ships. The first four were completed either with a pair of 39-calibre {{convert|40|mm|in|1|adj=on}} "pom-pom" guns or 58-calibre {{convert|57|mm|in|1|adj=on}} Hotchkiss guns. The second batch of four were fitted with a single 30-calibre {{convert|76|mm|in|0|adj=on}} Lender gun.[8] The "pom-pom" fired its {{convert|2|lb|kg|adj=on|order=flip}} shells at a rate of 300 rounds per minute. Its muzzle velocity of {{convert|2040|ft/s|m/s|abbr=on|order=flip}} gave the weapon a range of {{convert|6900|yd|m|order=flip}} at an elevation of +45°. The {{convert|991|m/s|ft/s|abbr=on}} muzzle velocity of the Hotchkiss gun gave its {{convert|2.22|kg|lb|adj=on}} shells a range of {{convert|8520|m|yd}} at an elevation of +21°. The Lender gun's muzzle velocity of {{convert|588|m/s|ft/s|abbr=on}} gave it a range of {{convert|6100|m|yd}} with its {{convert|6.5|kg|lb|adj=on}} shell. It had a practical rate of fire of 10-12 rounds per minute.[9]The ships were also armed with a dozen {{convert|450|mm|adj=on|1}} torpedo tubes in four triple mounts amidships.[10] They probably most often used the M1912 torpedo which had a {{convert|100|kg|lb|adj=on}} warhead. It had three speed/range settings: {{convert|6000|m|yd}} at {{convert|28|kn}}; {{convert|5000|m|yd}} at {{convert|30|kn}} and {{convert|2000|m|yd}} at {{convert|43|kn}}.[11] The ships could also carry 80 mines.[4] ShipsThe ships were ordered on 17 March 1915[3] and all eight were built in the Russud Shipyard in Nikolaev.[2] | Ship | Name in Soviet service | Laid down | Launched | Completed | Fate |
|---|
| Feodosiya ({{lang>ru|Феодониси}}) then {{ship|Russian destroyer|Fidonisy | ru|Фидониси}}) | Not applicable | 29 October 1915[2] | 31 May 1916[2] | 28 May 1917[2] | Scuttled, 16 June 1918[2] | | Russian destroyer|Gadzhibey | ru|Гаджибей}}) | 2 February 1915[2] | 27 August 1916[2] | 11 September 1917[27] | | Kaliakria ({{lang>ru|Калиакрия}}) | Soviet destroyer|Dzerzhinsky | ru|Дзержинский}}) | 29 October 1915[2] | 14 August 1916[12] | 30 October 1917[27] | Scuttled, 18 June 1918
Salvaged, 4 October 1925
Sunk, 13 May 1942[12] | | Russian destroyer|Kerch | ru|Керчь}}) | Not applicable | 31 May 1916[2] | 27 June 1917[2] | Scuttled, 16 June 1918[2] | | Korfu ({{lang>ru|Корфу}}) | Petrovsky ({{lang>ru|Петровский}}) then {{ship|Soviet destroyer|Zheleznyakov | ru|Железняков}}) then PKZ-62 ({{lang|ru|ПКЗ-62}}) | 23 June 1916[13] | 10 October 1917[36] | 10 June 1925[37] | Transferred to Bulgaria, 1947
Returned, 1949
Scrapped, 1957 | | Levkas ({{lang>ru|Левкас}}) | Soviet destroyer|Shaumyan | ru|Шаумян}}) | 23 May 1916[13] | 10 December 1925[37] | Sunk, 10 April 1942[36] | | Russian destroyer|Tserigo | ru|Цериго}}) | Not applicable | 1915[13] | 21 March 1917[14] | 1918[14] | Interned in Bizerte, French Tunisia, with Wrangel's fleet and scrapped, 1924[14] | | Zante ({{lang>ru|Занте}}) | Nezamozhny ({{lang>ru|Незаможный}}) then {{ship|Soviet destroyer|Nezamozhnik | ru|Незаможник}}) | May 1916[13] | 7 November 1923[15] | Scuttled, February 1920
Salvaged, 7 September 1920[12]
Sunk as a target, early 1950s |
ServiceOnly Fidonisy was completed in time to participate in combat, helping to sink some Turkish sailing ships in October 1917, before the navy ceased offensive operations against the Central Powers in response to the Bolshevik Decree on Peace in early November before a formal Armistice was signed the next month.[16] References1. ^Apalkov, p. 136
2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Breyer, p. 64
3. ^1 2 Verstyuk & Gordeev, p. 100
4. ^1 2 3 Apalkov, p. 137
5. ^Platonov, p. 149
6. ^Breyer, pp. 64–65
7. ^Friedman, pp. 263–264
8. ^1 Verstyuk & Gordeev, p. 116
9. ^Friedman, pp. 119, 264–265
10. ^Budzbon 1984, p. 311
11. ^Friedman, p. 348
12. ^1 2 Likachev, p. 49
13. ^1 2 3 4 5 Verstyuk & Gordeev, p. 101
14. ^1 2 3 4 Breyer, p. 119
15. ^1 2 Breyer, p. 171
16. ^Greger, pp. 64–65
Bibliography - {{cite book |last1=Apalkov |first1=Yu. V. |title=Боевые корабли русского флота 8.1914-10.1917 гг.; справочник|year=1996 |publisher=Intek |location=St. Petersburg |isbn=5-7559-0018-3|language=Russian |trans-title=Directory of Russian Navy Warships, August 1914–October 1917}}
- {{Cite book|last=Breyer|first=Siegfried|title=Soviet Warship Development: Volume 1: 1917–1937|publisher=Conway Maritime Press|location=London|year=1992|isbn=0-85177-604-3}}
- {{cite book |editor1-last=Gardiner|editor1-first=Robert|editor2-last=Gray|editor2-first=Randal|title=Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships: 1906–1921|year=1984|location=Annapolis, Maryland|publisher=Naval Institute Press|isbn=0-85177-245-5|lastauthoramp=y |last=Budzbon|first=Przemysaw|pages=291–325|chapter=Russia}}
- {{cite book|title=Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1922–1946|editor-last=Chesneau|publisher=Conway Maritime Press|location=Greenwich, UK|year=1980|isbn=0-85177-146-7|last=Budzbon|first=Przemysaw|pages=318–346|chapter=Soviet Union|editor-first=Roger}}
- {{cite book|last=Campbell|first=John|title=Naval Weapons of World War II|year=1985|publisher=Naval Institute Press|location=Annapolis, Maryland|isbn=0-87021-459-4}}
- {{cite book|last=Friedman|first=Norman|title=Naval Weapons of World War One|publisher=Seaforth|location=Barnsley, South Yorkshire, UK|year=2011|isbn=978-1-84832-100-7}}
- {{cite book |last1=Greger |first1=René |title=The Russian Fleet, 1914–1917 |date=1972 |publisher=Ian Allan |location=Shepperton, UK |isbn=0-7110-0255-X}}
- {{cite book | last = Hill | first = Alexander | year = 2018 | title = Soviet Destroyers of World War II | place = Oxford, UK| publisher = Osprey Publishing| isbn = 978-1-4728-2256-7|series=New Vanguard|volume=256}}
- {{cite book |last1=Likachev |first1=Pavel Vladimirovich |title=Эскадренные миноносцы типа «Новик» в ВМФ СССР 1920-1955 гг|trans-title=Novik-class Destroyers in the Soviet Navy 1920-1955 |year=2005 |publisher=ISTFLOT |location=Samara, Russia |isbn=5-98830-009-X |language=Russian}}
- {{cite book |last1=Platonov |first1=Andrey Vitalevich |title=Энциклопедия советских надводных кораблей 1941—1945 |date=2002 |publisher=Poligon |location=Saint Petersberg |isbn=5-89173-178-9 |language=Russian|trans-title=Encyclopedia of Soviet Warships 1941–1945}}
- {{Cite book|last=Rohwer|first=Jürgen|title=Chronology of the War at Sea 1939–1945: The Naval History of World War Two|publisher=Naval Institute Press|location=Annapolis, Maryland|year=2005|edition=Third Revised|isbn=1-59114-119-2|authorlink=Jürgen Rohwer}}
- {{cite book|last1=Verstyuk|first1=Anatoly|last2=Gordeyev|first2=Stanislav|title=Корабли Минных дивизий. От "Новика" до "Гогланда"|year=2006|publisher=Voennaya Kniga|location=Moscow|isbn=5-902863-10-4 |pages=|language=Russian|trans-title=Torpedo Division Ships: From Novik to Gogland|lastauthoramp=y}}
- {{Cite book|last=Whitley|first=M. J.|title=Destroyers of World War 2|publisher=Naval Institute Press|location=Annapolis, Maryland|year=1988|isbn=0-87021-326-1}}
- {{Cite book|last1=Yakubov|first1=Vladimir|last2=Worth|first2= Richard |title=Raising the Red Banner: A Pictorial History of Stalin's Fleet|publisher=Spellmount|location=Gloucestershire, UK|year=2008|isbn=978-1-86227-450-1|lastauthoramp=y}}
Further reading- {{cite book|last=Watts|first=Anthony J.|title=The Imperial Russian Navy|publisher=Arms and Armour|location=London|year=1990|isbn=0-85368-912-1}}
External links- {{Commonscat-inline|Gadzhibey class destroyer}}
- Fidonisy class on navypedia.org
{{Fidonisy-class destroyer}}{{WWIRussianShips}}{{WWIISovietShips}} 6 : Destroyer classes|Destroyers of the Imperial Russian Navy|Wrangel's fleet|Destroyers of the Soviet Navy|1910s ships|Fidonisy-class destroyers |