“Field hockey at the Summer Olympics”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

词条

Field hockey at the Summer Olympics

释义

History
Men
Summaries Team appearances
Women
Summaries Team appearances
Medal table
Total Men Women
See also
Notes

{{for|Olympic ice hockey|Ice hockey at the Olympic Games}}{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2014}}{{Infobox Olympic sport
|image = Field hockey pictogram.svg
|size = 150
|sport = field hockey
|menevents = 1
|womenevents = 1
}}

Field hockey, was introduced at the Olympic Games as a men's competition at the 1908 Games in London, with six teams, including four from the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.

History

Field hockey was removed from the Summer Olympic Games at the 1924 Paris Games because of the lack of an international sporting structure. The International Hockey Federation (FIH, Fédération Internationale de Hockey) was founded in Paris that year as a response to field hockey's omission. Men's field hockey became a permanent feature at the next Olympic Games, the 1928 Gamesin Amsterdam.

For a long time, India dominated the Olympics, winning the men's gold medal in seven out of eight Olympics from 1928 to 1964. Later, Pakistan was also dominant, winning three gold and three silver medals between 1956 and 1984. India lost their dominance after the 1980s and Pakistan after the 1990s. India won their last gold medal in 1980 and Pakistan in 1984 Games.

Since 1968, various teams from around the world have seen gold-medal success at the Olympics. Since 1968, several countries in the Southern Hemisphere have won various medals in men's and women's field hockey, including Australia, New Zealand, Argentina, and Zimbabwe. A leading group of teams from the Northern Hemisphere has come from the Netherlands and from Germany.

Spain has appeared in the most Olympic men's competitions without winning the men's gold medal, having won silver three times in 1980, 1996, 2008 and bronze once in 1960. Australia had competed in 11 Olympics without winning gold before breaking their streak in 2004.

The first women's Olympic field hockey competition was held at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow. Olympic field hockey games were first played on artificial turf at the 1976 Montreal Olympic Games.

Until the 1988 Olympics the tournament was invitational but FIH introduced a qualification system since the 1992 games.

India is the leading team in overall medal tally with 11 medals (8 gold, 1 silver and 2 bronze). India also lead in most number of gold medals.

Men

Summaries

Year	Host	Final			Bronze medal match
Year	Host	Gold medal	Score	Silver medal	Bronze medal	Score	Fourth place
1908 Details	London, Great Britain	{{fh-big>Great Britain}} (England)	8–1	Great Britain}} (Ireland)	Great Britain}} (Scotland) {{fh-big\|Great Britain}} (Wales)	There was no bronze medal match for the 1908 Games in London.}}
1912	Stockholm, Sweden	No tournament			No tournament
1920 Details	Antwerp, Belgium	{{fh-big>Great Britain}}	name=round\|The 1920 tournament was played in a round-robin format, so there were no gold medal or bronze medal matches.}}	Denmark}}	Belgium}}	name=round}}	France}}
1924	Paris, France	No tournament			No tournament
1928 Details	Amsterdam, Netherlands	{{fh-big>India\|British}}	3–0	Netherlands}}	Germany}}	3–0	Belgium}}
1932 Details	Los Angeles, United States	{{fh-big>India\|British}}	name=year\|Only three teams participated in the 1932 tournament, so they played a round-robin format.}}	Japan\|1870}}	USA\|1912}}	name="year"}}
1936 Details	Berlin, Germany	{{fh-big>India\|British}}	8–1	Germany\|Nazi}}	Netherlands}}	4–3	France}}
1948 Details	London, Great Britain	{{fh-big>India}}	4–0	Great Britain}}	Netherlands}}	1–1 4–1 (Replay)	Pakistan}}
1952 Details	Helsinki, Finland	{{fh-big>India}}	6–1	Netherlands}}	Great Britain}}	2–1	Pakistan}}
1956 Details	Melbourne, Australia	{{fh-big>India}}	1–0	Pakistan}}	Germany\|EUA\|name=United Team of Germany}}{{efn\|name=EUA\|The United Team of Germany was the combined team from West Germany and East Germany that competed together at the Olympic Games from 1956 to 1964. Then each country sent independent teams from 1968 to 1988.}}	3–1	Great Britain}}
1960 Details	Rome, Italy	{{fh-big>Pakistan}}	1–0	India}}	Spain\|1945}}	2–1	Great Britain}}
1964 Details	Tokyo	{{fh-big>India}}	1–0	Pakistan}}	Australia}}	3–2 after extra time	Spain\|1945}}
1968 Details	Mexico City, Mexico	{{fh-big>Pakistan}}	2–1	Australia}}	India}}	2–1	West Germany}}
1972 Details	Munich, West Germany	{{fh-big>West Germany}}	1–0	Pakistan}}	India}}	2–1	Netherlands}}
1976 Details	Montreal, Canada	{{fh-big>New Zealand}}	1–0	Australia}}	Pakistan}}	3–2	Netherlands}}
1980 Details	Moscow, Soviet Union	{{fh-big>India}}	4–3	Spain\|1977}}	Soviet Union}}	2–1	Poland}}
1984 Details	Los Angeles, United States	{{fh-big>Pakistan}}	2–1 after extra time	West Germany}}	Great Britain}}	3–2	Australia}}
1988 Details	Seoul, South Korea	{{fh-big>Great Britain}}	3–1	West Germany}}	Netherlands}}	2–1	Australia}}
1992 Details	Barcelona, Spain	{{fh-big>Germany}}	2–1	Australia}}	Pakistan}}	4–3	Netherlands}}
1996 Details	Atlanta, United States	{{fh-big>Netherlands}}	3–1	Spain}}	Australia}}	3–2	Germany}}
2000 Details	Sydney, Australia	{{fh-big>Netherlands}}	3–3 (5–4) Penalty strokes	South Korea}}	Australia}}	6–3	Pakistan}}
2004 Details	Athens, Greece	{{fh-big>Australia}}	2–1 after extra time	Netherlands}}	Germany}}	4–3 after extra time	Spain}}
2008 Details	Beijing, China	{{fh-big>Germany}}	1–0	Spain}}	Australia}}	6–2	Netherlands}}
2012 Details	London, Great Britain	{{fh-big>Germany}}	2–1	Netherlands}}	Australia}}	3–1	Great Britain}}
2016 Details	Rio de Janeiro, Brazil	{{fh-big>Argentina}}	4–2	Belgium}}	Germany}}	1–1 (4–3) Penalty shootout	Netherlands}}
2020 Details	Tokyo, Japan

Team appearances

Team	Great Britain 1908	Belgium 1920	Netherlands 1928	United States\|1912 1932	Nazi Germany 1936	Great Britain 1948	Finland 1952	Australia 1956	Italy 1960	Japan 1964	Mexico 1968	West Germany 1972	Canada 1976	Soviet Union 1980	United States 1984	South Korea\|1984 1988	Spain 1992	United States 1996	Australia 2000	Greece 2004	China 2008	Great Britain 2012	Brazil 2016	Japan 2020	Total
{{fh\|Afghanistan}}	–	–	–	–	6th	8th	–	11th	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	3
{{fh\|Argentina}}	–	–	–	–	–	5th	–	–	–	–	14th	14th	11th	–	–	8th	11th	9th	8th	11th	–	10th	1st	11
{{fh\|Australia}}	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	5th	6th	3rd	2nd	5th	2nd	–	4th	4th	2nd	3rd	3rd	1st	3rd	3rd	6th	15
{{fh\|Austria}}	–	–	9th	–	–	8th	7th	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	3
{{fh\|Belgium}}	–	3rd	4th	–	9th	5th	9th	7th	11th	11th	9th	10th	9th	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	9th	5th	2nd	14
{{fh\|Brazil}}	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	12th	1
{{fh\|Canada}}	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	13th	–	–	10th	–	12th	11th	–	–	10th	–	10th	–	11th	7
{{fh\|China}}	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	11th	–	–	1
{{fh\|CIS}}	–																10th	Defunct							1
{{fh\|Cuba}}	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	5th	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	1
{{fh\|Denmark}}	–	2nd	5th	–	10th	11th	–	–	16th	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	5
{{fh\|East Germany}}	–										11th	–	–	–	–	–	Defunct								1
{{fh\|Egypt}}	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	12th	–	–	12th	–	–	–	2
{{fh\|England}}	1st	Part of Great Britain																							1
{{fh\|Finland}}	–	–	–	–	–	–	9th	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	1
{{fh\|France}}	6th	4th	5th	–	4th	8th	11th	–	10th	–	10th	12th	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	9
{{fh\|Great Britain}}	–	1st	–	–	–	2nd	3rd	4th	4th	9th	12th	6th	–	–	3rd	1st	6th	7th	6th	9th	5th	4th	9th	17
{{fh\|Germany}}	5th	–	3rd	–	2nd	–	5th	–									1st	4th	5th	3rd	1st	1st	3rd	11
{{fh\|Hong Kong}}	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	15th	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	1
{{fh\|Hungary}}	–	–	–	–	8th	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	1
{{fh\|India}}	–	–	1st	1st	1st	1st	1st	1st	2nd	1st	3rd	3rd	7th	1st	5th	6th	7th	8th	7th	7th	–	12th	8th	20
{{fh\|Ireland}}	2nd	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	10th	2
{{fh\|Italy}}	–	–	–	–	–	–	11th	–	13th	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	2
Team	Great Britain 1908	Belgium 1920	Netherlands 1928	United States\|1912 1932	Nazi Germany 1936	Great Britain 1948	Finland 1952	Australia 1956	Italy 1960	Japan 1964	Mexico 1968	West Germany 1972	Canada 1976	Soviet Union 1980	United States 1984	South Korea\|1984 1988	Spain 1992	United States 1996	Australia 2000	Greece 2004	China 2008	Great Britain 2012	Brazil 2016	Japan 2020	Total
{{fh\|Japan}}	–	–	–	2nd	7th	–	–	–	14th	7th	13th	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	Q	6
{{fh\|Kenya}}	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	10th	7th	6th	8th	13th	–	–	9th	12th	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	7
{{fh\|Malaysia}}	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	9th	–	9th	15th	8th	8th	–	10th	–	9th	11th	11th	–	–	–	–	9
{{fh\|Mexico}}	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	16th	16th	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	2
{{fh\|Netherlands}}	–	–	2nd	–	3rd	3rd	2nd	–	9th	7th	5th	4th	4th	–	6th	3rd	4th	1st	1st	2nd	4th	2nd	4th	18
{{fh\|New Zealand}}	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	6th	5th	13th	7th	9th	1st	–	7th	–	8th	–	–	6th	7th	9th	7th	12
{{fh\|Pakistan}}	–	–	–	–	–	4th	4th	2nd	1st	2nd	1st	2nd	3rd	–	1st	5th	3rd	6th	4th	5th	8th	7th	–	16
{{fh\|Poland}}	–	–	–	–	–	–	6th	–	12th	–	–	11th	–	4th	–	–	–	–	12th	–	–	–	–	5
{{fh\|Scotland}}	3rd	Part of Great Britain																							1
{{fh\|Singapore}}	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	8th	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	1
{{fh\|South Africa}}	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	10th	–	10th	12th	11th	4
{{fh\|South Korea}}	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	10th	–	5th	2nd	8th	6th	8th	–	6
{{fh\|Soviet Union}}#	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	3rd	–	7th	Defunct								2
{{fh\|Spain}}	–	–	7th	–	–	11th	–	–	3rd	4th	6th	7th	6th	2nd	8th	9th	5th	2nd	9th	4th	2nd	6th	5th	17
{{fh\|Switzerland}}	–	–	7th	–	5th	5th	7th	–	15th	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	5
{{fh\|Tanzania}}	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	6th	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	1
{{fh\|Uganda}}	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	15th	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	1
{{fh\|Germany\|EUA\|name= United Team of Germany}}	–							3rd	7th	5th	Defunct														3
{{fh\|United States}}	–	–	–	3rd	11th	11th	–	12th	–	–	–	–	–	–	11th	–	–	12th	–	–	–	–	–	6
{{fh\|Wales}}	3rd	Part of Great Britain																							1
{{fh\|West Germany}}	–										4th	1st	5th	–	2nd	2nd	Defunct								5
{{fh\|Zimbabwe}}	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	11th	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	1
Total	6	4	9	3	11	13	12	12	16	15	16	16	11	6	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	270

= states or teams that have since split into two or more independent nations

45 teams have competed in at least one Olympic Games.

Women

Summaries

Year	Host	Final			Bronze medal match
Year	Host	Gold medal	Score	Silver medal	Bronze medal	Score	Fourth place
1980 Details	Moscow, Soviet Union	{{fhw-big>Zimbabwe}}	name=moscow\|Round-robin format play in 1980 for women's tournament}}	Czechoslovakia}}	Soviet Union}}	name=moscow}}	India}}
1984 Details	Los Angeles, United States	{{fhw-big>Netherlands}}	Round Robin format use in 1984 women's tournament}}	West Germany}}	USA}}	(10–5) Penalty strokes{{efn>The final standings show both the United States and Australia were tied in points and had same margin in goal difference (both having scored 9 goals and conceded 7 goals), therefore a penalty stroke competition was played to decide the bronze medal winner, with the United States winning.}}	Australia}}
1988 Details	Seoul, South Korea	{{fhw-big>Australia}}	2–0	South Korea\|1984}}	Netherlands}}	3–1	Great Britain}}
1992 Details	Barcelona, Spain	{{fhw-big>Spain}}	2–1 after extra time	Germany}}	Great Britain}}	4–3	South Korea\|1984}}
1996 Details	Atlanta, United States	{{fhw-big>Australia}}	3–1	South Korea\|1984}}	Netherlands}}	0–0 (4–3) Penalty strokes	Great Britain}}
2000 Details	Sydney, Australia	{{fhw-big>Australia}}	3–1	Argentina}}	Netherlands}}	2–0	Spain}}
2004 Details	Athens, Greece	{{fhw-big>Germany}}	2–1	Netherlands}}	Argentina}}	1–0	China}}
2008 Details	Beijing, China	{{fhw-big>Netherlands}}	2–0	China}}	Argentina}}	3–1	Germany}}
2012 Details	London, Great Britain	{{fhw-big>Netherlands}}	2–0	Argentina}}	Great Britain}}	3–1	New Zealand}}
2016 Details	Rio de Janeiro, Brazil	{{fhw-big>Great Britain}}	3–3 (2–0) Penalty shootout	Netherlands}}	Germany}}	2–1	New Zealand}}
2020 Details	Tokyo, Japan

Team appearances

Team	Soviet Union 1980	United States 1984	South Korea\|1984 1988	Spain 1992	United States 1996	Australia 2000	Greece 2004	China 2008	Great Britain 2012	Brazil 2016	Japan 2020	Total
{{fhw\|Argentina}}	–	–	7th	–	7th	2nd	3rd	3rd	2nd	7th	7
{{fhw\|Australia}}	–	4th	1st	5th	1st	1st	5th	5th	5th	6th	9
{{fhw\|Austria}}	5th	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	1
{{fhw\|Belgium}}	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	11th	–	1
{{fhw\|Canada}}	–	5th	6th	7th	–	–	–	–	–	–	3
{{fhw\|Czechoslovakia}}#	2nd	–	–	–	Defunct							1
{{fhw\|China}}	–	–	–	–	–	5th	4th	2nd	6th	9th	5
{{fhw\|Germany}}	–			2nd	6th	7th	1st	4th	7th	3rd	7
{{fhw\|Great Britain}}	–	–	4th	3rd	4th	8th	–	6th	3rd	1st	7
{{fhw\|India}}	4th	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	12th	2
{{fhw\|Japan}}	–	–	–	–	–	–	8th	10th	9th	10th	Q	4
{{fhw\|Netherlands}}	–	1st	3rd	6th	3rd	3rd	2nd	1st	1st	2nd	9
{{fhw\|New Zealand}}	–	6th	–	8th	–	6th	6th	12th	4th	4th	7
{{fhw\|Poland}}	6th	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	1
{{fhw\|South Africa}}	–	–	–	–	–	10th	9th	11th	10th	4
{{fhw\|South Korea}}	–	–	2nd	4th	2nd	9th	7th	9th	8th	11th	8
{{fhw\|Soviet Union}}#	3rd	–	–	Defunct								1
{{fhw\|Spain}}	–	–	–	1st	8th	4th	10th	7th	–	8th	6
{{fhw\|United States}}	–	3rd	8th	–	5th	–	–	8th	12th	5th	6
{{fhw\|West Germany}}	–	2nd	5th	Defunct								2
{{fhw\|Zimbabwe}}	1st	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	1
Total	6	6	8	8	8	10	10	12	12	12	12	104

= states that have since split into two or more independent nations

Australia and the Netherlands are the only teams to have competed at almost every Olympic Games, except for only one edition; 21 teams have competed in at least one Olympic Games.

Medal table

Total

{{Medals table
| caption =
| host =
| flag_template = flagIOCteam
| event =
| team =
| gold_IND = 8 | silver_IND = 1 | bronze_IND = 2 |note_IND = {{efn|name=India|Includes three gold medals as British India}}
| gold_NED = 5 | silver_NED = 6 | bronze_NED = 6
| gold_AUS = 4 | silver_AUS = 3 | bronze_AUS = 5
| gold_GBR = 4 | silver_GBR = 2 | bronze_GBR = 6
| gold_GER = 4 | silver_GER = 2 | bronze_GER = 4
| gold_PAK = 3 | silver_PAK = 3 | bronze_PAK = 2
| gold_ESP = 1 | silver_ESP = 3 | bronze_ESP = 1
| gold_ARG = 1 | silver_ARG = 2 | bronze_ARG = 2
| gold_FRG = 1 | silver_FRG = 3 | bronze_FRG = 0 | name_FRG = {{flagIOCteam|FRG}}
| gold_NZL = 1 | silver_NZL = 0 | bronze_NZL = 0
| gold_ZIM = 1 | silver_ZIM = 0 | bronze_ZIM = 0
| gold_KOR = 0 | silver_KOR = 3 | bronze_KOR = 0
| gold_BEL = 0 | silver_BEL = 1 | bronze_BEL = 1
| gold_CHN = 0 | silver_CHN = 1 | bronze_CHN = 0
| gold_DEN = 0 | silver_DEN = 1 | bronze_DEN = 0
| gold_JPN = 0 | silver_JPN = 1 | bronze_JPN = 0
| gold_TCH = 0 | silver_TCH = 1 | bronze_TCH = 0 | name_TCH = {{flagIOCteam|TCH}}
| gold_URS = 0 | silver_URS = 0 | bronze_URS = 2 | name_URS = {{flagIOCteam|URS}}
| gold_USA = 0 | silver_USA = 0 | bronze_USA = 2
| gold_EUA = 0 | silver_EUA = 0 | bronze_EUA = 1 | name_EUA = {{flagIOCteam|EUA}}
}}

Men

{{Medals table
| caption =
| host =
| flag_template = fh
| event =
| team =
| gold_IND = 8 | silver_IND = 1 | bronze_IND = 2 |note_IND = {{efn|name=India}}
| gold_PAK = 3 | silver_PAK = 3 | bronze_PAK = 2
| gold_GBR = 3 | silver_GBR = 2 | bronze_GBR = 4
| gold_GER = 3 | silver_GER = 1 | bronze_GER = 3
| gold_NED = 2 | silver_NED = 4 | bronze_NED = 3
| gold_AUS = 1 | silver_AUS = 3 | bronze_AUS = 5
| gold_FRG = 1 | silver_FRG = 2 | bronze_FRG = 0 | name_FRG = {{fh|FRG}}
| gold_ARG = 1 | silver_ARG = 0 | bronze_ARG = 0
| gold_NZL = 1 | silver_NZL = 0 | bronze_NZL = 0
| gold_ESP = 0 | silver_ESP = 3 | bronze_ESP = 1
| gold_BEL = 0 | silver_BEL = 1 | bronze_BEL = 1
| gold_DEN = 0 | silver_DEN = 1 | bronze_DEN = 0
| gold_JPN = 0 | silver_JPN = 1 | bronze_JPN = 0
| gold_KOR = 0 | silver_KOR = 1 | bronze_KOR = 0
| gold_URS = 0 | silver_URS = 0 | bronze_URS = 1 | name_URS = {{fh|URS}}
| gold_USA = 0 | silver_USA = 0 | bronze_USA = 1
| gold_EUA = 0 | silver_EUA = 0 | bronze_EUA = 1 | name_EUA = {{fh|Germany|EUA|name=United Team of Germany}}
}}

Women

{{Medals table
| caption =
| host =
| flag_template = fhw
| event =
| team =
| gold_NED = 3 | silver_NED = 2 | bronze_NED = 3
| gold_AUS = 3 | silver_AUS = 0 | bronze_AUS = 0
| gold_GER = 1 | silver_GER = 1 | bronze_GER = 1
| gold_GBR = 1 | silver_GBR = 0 | bronze_GBR = 2
| gold_ESP = 1 | silver_ESP = 0 | bronze_ESP = 0
| gold_ZIM = 1 | silver_ZIM = 0 | bronze_ZIM = 0
| gold_ARG = 0 | silver_ARG = 2 | bronze_ARG = 2
| gold_KOR = 0 | silver_KOR = 2 | bronze_KOR = 0
| gold_CHN = 0 | silver_CHN = 1 | bronze_CHN = 0
| gold_FRG = 0 | silver_FRG = 1 | bronze_FRG = 0 | name_FRG = {{fhw|FRG}}
| gold_TCH = 0 | silver_TCH = 1 | bronze_TCH = 0 | name_TCH = {{fhw|TCH}}
| gold_URS = 0 | silver_URS = 0 | bronze_URS = 1 | name_URS = {{fhw|URS}}
| gold_USA = 0 | silver_USA = 0 | bronze_USA = 1
}}

Notes

4 : Field hockey at the Summer Olympics|International field hockey competitions|Sports at the Summer Olympics|Field hockey at multi-sport events

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History

Men

Summaries

Team appearances

Women

Summaries

Team appearances

Medal table

Total

Men

Women

See also

Notes