| 词条 | Fielding Lewis |
| 释义 |
Fielding Lewis (July 7, 1725 – December 7, 1781) was a Colonel during the American Revolutionary War and the brother-in-law of George Washington. A successful merchant in Fredericksburg, Virginia, he had a plantation, which later became known as Kenmore. Notable for its Georgian mansion, it was designated as a National Historic Landmark in the twentieth century. Early life and educationLewis was born at Warner Hall, a plantation in Gloucester County, Colony of Virginia, the son of John Lewis (1694–1754), a merchant and planter, and Frances Fielding (c. 1702–1731). He was the third of seven children.[1] His paternal uncle, Robert Lewis (1704–1765), became the grandfather of Meriwether Lewis, who would explore the Louisiana Purchase.[2] His father had a store in Fredericksburg. In 1749 John Lewis had a fine retail building constructed to display his wares and provide space for a selling floor and storage. The sandstone quoins, usually found only on larger mansions, were a sign of his aspirations. His son Fielding joined him in the business, taking it over in the 1750s. The originally {{frac|1|1|2}}-story building was expanded to two stories in the early 19th century. Despite competition and changing tastes, the handsome building operated successfully as a store for nearly 100 years, until 1820, when it was finally adapted for residential use. Donated to the Historic Fredericksburg Foundation in 1996, the building has been studied and stabilized for restoration. It is believed to be one of the oldest retail buildings in the United States.[3] The Lewis Store was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2013.[4] Marriage and familyLewis married Catharine Washington on October 18, 1746. She was his second cousin, the daughter of John Washington (a first cousin to George Washington) and Catharine Whiting. They had three children before Catharine died on February 19, 1750. A few months later, on May 7, 1750, Lewis married Betty Washington (1733-1797), the sister of George Washington and another second cousin. She was 17 years old. They had 11 children together. Betty outlived Lewis by 16 years, dying in 1797.
CareerLewis was established as a successful merchant before the American Revolutionary War. He was appointed as Commissary General of Munitions during the war, and commissioned at the rank of Colonel.[5] He and his second wife Betty resided on a plantation (later named Kenmore) in Fredericksburg. Like others in the planter elite, they were supported by the labor of slaves. Betty's mother Mary Ball Washington frequently visited them and had a favorite spot she called her "meditation rock". In 1769, Fielding and Betty started construction of a large Georgian mansion on their property, which was completed in 1775. It has some of the most refined colonial interior finishes of any surviving mansion. Named by later owners as Kenmore Plantation, it has been designated a National Historic Landmark and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Lewis died in Fredericksburg in 1781 at the end of the Revolutionary War. Before her death in 1789, Mary Washington asked to be buried at her favorite spot at Kenmore, and her daughter Betty arranged for that. In 1833 a memorial was started at Mary Washington's gravesite, but never completed. Following the United States Centennial in 1889, numerous historic and lineage societies were formed; the Mary Washington Memorial Association held fundraising events and commissioned a memorial for her gravesite. It was dedicated in 1894 at Mary Washington's gravesite in a ceremony presided over by President Grover Cleveland of the United States. Legacy and honors
References1. ^Lewis Family Ancestors and Descendants, Historic Kenmore, George Washington Foundation. 2. ^The Meriwether Lewis Connection, Historic Kenmore, George Washington Foundation. 3. ^"Fielding Lewis' Store: The Oldest Retail Building in America?", Historic Fredericksburg Foundation, accessed 13 April 2012 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/listings/20130111.htm|title=National Register of Historic Places Listings|date=2013-01-11|work=Weekly List of Actions Taken on Properties |publisher=National Park Service}} 5. ^Va Sons of the Revolution External links
11 : 1725 births|1781 deaths|American planters|Continental Army officers from Virginia|Lewis family|Military personnel from Fredericksburg, Virginia|People from Gloucester County, Virginia|People of Virginia in the American Revolution|Virginia colonial people|Washington family|American slave owners |
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