“Filler (media)”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Filler is material of lower cost or quality that is used to fill a certain television time slot or physical medium, such as a musical album.

Television

In the early days of television, most output was live. The hours of broadcast were limited and so a test card was commonly broadcast at other times. When a breakdown happened during a live broadcast, a standard recording filled in. On the BBC, a film of a potter's wheel was often used for this purpose, filmed at the Compton Potters' Arts Guild.^[1] Similar short films, such as a kitten playing, were also used as interludes or interstitial programs to fill gaps in TV schedules. In the United States, these have their roots in the old Saturday afternoon horror movies hosted on independent stations.^[2]

Music albums

Albums of music were typically of a set size determined by the physical medium such as the vinyl record (typically 22 minutes per side^[3]) or CD (maximum 80 minutes^[4]). It was normal, especially in the 1960s, for artists to attempt to "pad out" their material to the standard length by including filler tracks of lesser quality.{{Citation needed|date=July 2010}}

Often songs written by the artists or the producer of an album were included as filler and/or released on the b-side of singles to generate more royalties for the songwriter or artist.{{Citation needed|date=April 2009}}

Cover versions are often considered to be fillers, though this judgement varies with the amount of creative interpretation and adaption of the original.^[5] Similarly, live recordings, demo versions or remixes follow the same argument.

On the subject of music downloads, Courtney Love told the Digital Hollywood conference "If you're afraid of your own filler then I bet you're afraid of Napster",^[6] meaning that other artists may be afraid of listeners being able to listen to a full album before buying it.

See also

References

1. ^{{citation|title=The Mirror in the Corner: People's Television|author=Peter Black|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XIY3AAAAIAAJ|year=1972|isbn=978-0091101008|publisher=Hutchinson and Co. (Publishers) Ltd}}
2. ^{{citation|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=DP&p_theme=dp&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EAF449E34581039&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM|author=Joanne Ostrow|publisher=Denver Post|date=July 3, 1996|title=Viewers have appetite for fillers with meat}}
3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.chicagomasteringservice.com/vinyl.html |title=Chicago Mastering Service-CD and Vinyl Mastering Facility in Chicago, IL |publisher=Chicagomasteringservice.com |date= |accessdate=2012-09-30}}
4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.discogs.com/Mission-Of-Burma-Mission-Of-Burma/release/1129709|title=Mission of Burma 1988 Rykodisc compilation information|publisher=discogs.com|accessdate=2011-01-18|quote=This Rykodisc release was the first compact disc to contain 80 minutes of music; 78 minutes had previously been the longest length possible to encode on a CD.}}
5. ^{{citation|url=http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~content=a713735404~db=all|title=Re-flections on the Cover Age: A Collage of Continuous Coverage in Popular Music|author=George Plasketes|date=May 2005|pages=137–161|journal=Popular Music and Society|volume=28|issue=2|doi=10.1080/03007760500045204}}
6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.musicaeninternet.com/courtney-loves-speech/ |title=Courtney Love's speech | Música en Internet |publisher=Musicaeninternet.com |date=2000-05-16 |accessdate=2012-09-30}}