| 词条 | First Kok cabinet | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| cabinet_name = First Kok cabinet First Purple cabinet | cabinet_type = | cabinet_number = 62nd | jurisdiction = the Netherlands | flag = Flag of the Netherlands.svg | flag_border = true | incumbent = | image = Kabinet-Kok I.jpg | image_size = 350px | caption = The installation of the First Kok cabinet on 22 August 1994 | image2 = ZetelsKokI.svg | image_size2 = 250px | date_formed = {{Start date|1994|08|22|df=y}} | date_dissolved = {{Start date|1998|08|03|df=y}} (Demissionary from {{End date|1998|05|06|df=y}}) | government_head = Wim Kok | government_head_history = | deputy_government_head = Hans Dijkstal Hans van Mierlo | state_head = Queen Beatrix | members_number = 14 | former_members_number = | total_number = | political_party = Labour Party (PvdA) People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) Democrats 66 (D66) | legislature_status = Grand coalition (Purple) | opposition_party = Christian Democratic Appeal | opposition_leader = Enneüs Heerma (1994–1997) Jaap de Hoop Scheffer (1997–1998) | election = 1994 election | last_election = 1998 election | legislature_term = 1994–1998 | incoming_formation = 1994 formation | outgoing_formation = 1998 formation | previous = Third Lubbers cabinet | successor = Second Kok cabinet }}{{Politics of the Netherlands}} The First Kok cabinet, also called the First Purple cabinet was the cabinet of the Netherlands from 22 August 1994 until 3 August 1998. The cabinet was formed by the political parties Labour Party (PvdA), People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) and the Democrats 66 (D66) after the election of 1994. The grand coalition (Purple) cabinet was a majority government in the House of Representatives. It was the first of two cabinets of Wim Kok, the Leader of the Labour Party as Prime Minister, with Hans Dijkstal the Deputy Leader of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy and Hans van Mierlo the Leader of the Democrats 66 serving as Deputy Prime Ministers.[1] FormationAfter the election on 3 May 1994 the Labour Party (PvdA) of Wim Kok was the winner of the election despite losing 12 seats and now had a total of 37 seats. The Christian Democratic Appeal of incumbent Prime Minister Ruud Lubbers who had announced his retirement from national politics earlier was succeeded as Leader of the Christian Democratic Appeal by the Parliamentary leader of the Christian Democratic Appeal in the House of Representatives Elco Brinkman, a former Minister of Welfare, Health and Culture on 29 January 1994, under the new leadership they lost 20 seats and now had 34 seats. The Democrats 66 of Hans van Mierlo was the biggest winner gaining 12 new seats and now had a total of 24 seats. The People's Party for Freedom and Democracy under Frits Bolkestein where the other big winner gaining 9 new seats had a total of 31 seats in the House of Representatives. On 6 May 1994 Queen Beatrix appointed President of the Senate Herman Tjeenk Willink (PvdA) as Informateur to start the cabinet formation process. After a first round of talks the Labour Party, the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy and the Democrats 66 agreed to start negotiation talks. The first round of negotiations were troubled by objections from the Leader of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy Frits Bolkenstein, in the end an agreement was reached to form a coalition. On 14 May 1994 Queen Beatrix appointed President of the Association of Netherlands Municipalities Klaas de Vries (PvdA), a former Member of the House of Representatives and Gijs van Aardenne (VVD), a former Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Economic Affairs and Senator Jan Vis (D66), a professor of Constitutional law at the University of Groningen as Informateurs. On 3 June 1994 party leaders Wim Kok (PvdA), Frits Bolkenstein (VVD) and Hans van Mierlo (D66) reached an agreement to begin the cabinet formation. The final cabinet formation negotiations were also troubled by new objections from Frits Bolkenstein about a stronger integration policy and on 26 June 1994 negotiations between the parties failed to form a cabinet. On 27 June 1994 Queen Beatrix reappointed Herman Tjeenk Willink as Informateur to look at the possibility of the Christian Democratic Appeal joining the Labour Party and the Democrats 66 in a coalition but objections from Democrats 66 halted that. On 6 July 1994 Queen Beatrix appointed Wim Kok as Informateur to write an open coalition proposal with the possibility of other parties to join the agreement. On 29 July 1994 the Labour Party, the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy and the Democrats 66 finally agreed to form a cabinet and Queen Beatrix appointed Wim Kok as Formateur that same day and tasked him with forming a new cabinet. On 22 August 1994 the cabinet formation was completed and the First Kok cabinet was installed with Wim Kok as Prime Minister and with Hans Dijkstal and Hans van Mierlo as Deputy Prime Ministers. On 16 August 1994 shortly before the cabinet formation was completed Elco Brinkman who had only been the Leader of the Christian Democratic Appeal since 29 January 1994 stepped down following the disappointing election results and his inability to join the new cabinet, he was succeeded by Member of the House of Representatives Enneüs Heerma, the former State Secretary for Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment. TermThe main aim of the cabinet under the lead of Wim Kok was to create employment. Gross domestic product (GDP) growth had been erratic in recent years. The aim of the cabinet was to increase the influence of markets in the economy, with policies of tax reduction, economizing and trying to keep people out of the social care by supporting employment. Large infrastructural projects were started. Another aim was to make an end to the enormous debt of the Dutch government. The Treaty of Amsterdam was signed during this cabinet. The Srebrenica massacre occurred under the responsibility of this government, which led later to the fall of the Second Kok cabinet. The cabinet started processes of liberalization which were completed by the same coalition in the following cabinet: the legalization of prostitution in 2000, same-sex marriage in 2001 and Euthanasia in 2002. This cabinet was the last to serve a full term until the Second Rutte cabinet from 2012 to 2017. Five of the following cabinets resigned and one was a temporary caretaker cabinet.[2] ChangesOn 28 June 1996, State Secretary for Social Affairs and Employment Robin Linschoten (VVD) resigned after a majority of the House of Representatives indicated that they had lost confidence in his ability to remain in office after a critical parliamentary inquiry into his handling of several social security issues was released. On 2 July 1996, Amsterdam alderman Frank de Grave (VVD), a former Member of the House of Representatives was appointed as his successor. Cabinet Members
{{note_label|retained|Retained}} Retained this position from the previous cabinet. {{note_label|resigned|Res}} Resigned. {{note_label|ad interim|Ad interim}} Served ad interim. {{note_label|title|Title}} Allowed to use the title of Minister while on foreign business. {{note_label|note|Note}} Gerrit Zalm took a medical leave of absence from 1 June 1996 until 20 June 1996. References1. ^{{nl icon}} {{cite web|url=https://anderetijden.nl/programma/1/Andere-Tijden/aflevering/539/De-formatie-van-Paars-1-een-heidens-karwei|title=De formatie van Paars 1: een heidens karwei|publisher=Andere Tijden|date=3 September 2002|accessdate=26 January 2018}} 2. ^{{nl icon}} {{cite web|url=http://www.isgeschiedenis.nl/nieuws/paarse-kabinetten-1994-2002/|title=Paarse kabinetten (1994-2002)|publisher=IsGeschiedenis|date=13 September 2012|accessdate=26 January 2018}} External links
6 : Cabinets of the Netherlands|1994 establishments in the Netherlands|1998 disestablishments in the Netherlands|Cabinets established in 1994|Cabinets disestablished in 1998|Grand coalition governments |
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