| 词条 | Charlotte (1784 ship) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
Charlotte was an English merchant ship built in the River Thames in 1784 and chartered in 1786 to carry convicts as part of the First Fleet to New South Wales. She returned to Britain from Botany Bay via China, where she picked up a cargo for the British East India Company. Charlotte then spent much of the rest of her career as a West Indiaman in the London-Jamaica trade. She may have been lost off Newfoundland in 1818; in any case, she disappears from the lists by 1821. Convict transportCharlotte was a "heavy sailer," such that she had to be towed down the English Channel in order to keep pace with the rest of the Fleet.[5] Her master was Thomas Gilbert, and her surgeon was John White, principal surgeon to the colony.[6] On 15 March, when Charlotte had been two days at sea it was discovered that her third mate had been left behind at Plymouth; he was replaced for the remainder of the voyage by a seaman hastily dragooned from the accompanying naval vessel {{HMS|Hyaena|1778|2}}.[7]She sailed for Botany Bay carrying 84 male and 24 female convicts,[8] or 88 male and 20 female.{{sfnp|Bateson|1959|p=85}} Among the prisoners were James Squire, James Bloodsworth, James Underwood, Samuel Lightfoot, William Bryant and Mary Bryant,[9] She also carried 42 men from the New South Wales Marine Corps to guard the convicts.[10] Charlotte arrived at Port Jackson, Sydney, Australia, on 26 January 1788.[11] This voyage was commemorated on the Charlotte Medal, commissioned by White and created by the convict Thomas Barrett. She left Port Jackson on 6 May 1788 bound for China to take on a cargo of tea, under charter to the East India Company.[12][11] In 1788 Captain Gilbert in Charlotte and Captain John Marshall in {{ship||Scarborough|1782 ship|2}}, crossed through Abemama, Kuria, Aranuka, Tarawa, Abaiang, Butaritari, and Makin without attempting to land on shore.[6] Later careerOn her return to England on 28 November 1789 Bond and Co., Walbrook merchants, purchased Charlotte to use her in the London—Jamaica trade. The following data is from Lloyd's Register.
Charlotte was one of the transport vessels that were part of the expedition under General Sir David Baird and Admiral Sir Home Riggs Popham that would in 1806 capture the Dutch Cape Colony. {{see also|Transport vessels for the British invasion of the Dutch Cape Colony (1805-1806)}}On 11 March she and Anacreon sailed as cartels to France with prisoners from {{ship|French frigate|Volontaire|1796|2}}. In 1810 Charlotte underwent a good repair.[13] At some point she was sold to a Quebec merchant.[14] FateA Charlotte was lost off Newfoundland in November 1818.[15][14] However, there is no evidence to link the Charlotte that sank while sailing from Quebec to Liverpool with M'Call, master, to the Charlotte of this article. Another source notes that Charlotte continued to be listed in Lloyd's Register until 1821,[1] but it is not unusual for Lloyd's Register to carry stale data for several years. RecognitionAn Urban Transit Authority First Fleet ferry was named after Charlotte in 1986.[16] See also
Citations and referencesCitations1. ^1 Hackman (2001), p.81. References2. ^{{cite web |url=http://home.vicnet.net.au/~firstff/charlot.htm |title=Picture of the Charlotte |work=First Fleet Fellowship |year=1996 |accessdate=24 July 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111229210959/http://home.vicnet.net.au/~firstff/charlot.htm |archivedate=29 December 2011 |df=dmy-all }} 3. ^1 2 3 Bateson (1959), pp.79-82. 4. ^[https://archive.org/details/thevoyageofgover15100gut The Voyage of Governor Phillip to Botany Bay] (1789) 5. ^Collins 1975, p. lvi 6. ^1 {{cite news| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bk8EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA91&dq=%22Thomas+Gilbert%22+captain+pacific&num=100&client=firefox-a#v=onepage&q=%22Thomas%20Gilbert%22%20captain%20pacific&f=false| title=The Gilberts & Marshalls| work=Life| date=1944-05-22| author=Samuel Eliot Morison| accessdate=2009-10-14}} 7. ^Collins 1975, p. lvii 8. ^http://www.mayflowersteps.co.uk/images/plymouth-australia-med.jpg 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://firstfleet.uow.edu.au|title=First Fleet Online|accessdate=2012-07-03}} 10. ^1 {{cite web |url= http://www.fellowshipfirstfleeters.org.au/datum.html |title=The Ships of the First Fleet |work=Fellowship Of First Fleeters |year=2011 |accessdate=24 July 2012}} 11. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article627322 |title=Ship News |last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |date= |work=The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser, Sunday 2 November 1806, p.1 |publisher= |accessdate=5 August 2015}} 12. ^Letter from Newton Fowell, midshipman on {{HMS|Sirius|1786|6}}, to John Fowell, 12 July 1788. Cited in Irvine (ed.) 1988, p.81. 13. ^1 2 [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015005676393?urlappend=%3Bseq=94 Lloyd's Register (1810), Seq.№C364.] 14. ^1 Bateson (1959), p.102. 15. ^Lloyd's List n° 5352. 16. ^Sydney Ferries Fleet Facts {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150412182709/http://www.transport.nsw.gov.au/content/sydney-ferries-fleet-facts |date=12 April 2015 }} Transport for NSW
External links
4 : Ships of the First Fleet|1784 ships|Maritime incidents in 1818|Ships of the British East India Company |
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