| 词条 | Fisons |
| 释义 |
| name = Fisons plc | logo = Fisonslogo.png | logo_size = 150px | type = Public limited company | caption = | fate = Acquired | successor = Rhone-Poulenc | foundation = 1843 | defunct = 1995 | location = Ipswich, United Kingdom | industry = Pharmaceuticals Chemicals | key_people = Paddy Linaker (Chairman) Stuart Wallis (CEO) | products = | num_employees = | parent = | subsid = }} Fisons plc was a British multinational pharmaceutical, scientific instruments and horticultural chemicals company headquartered in Ipswich, United Kingdom. It was listed on the London Stock Exchange and was once a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index. It was acquired by Rhone-Poulenc in 1995. HistoryThe business was established by Edward Packard, one of the first to manufacture superphosphate derived from coprolites, in 1843.[1] In 1863 he was joined in business by his son, also named Edward, who was instrumental in developing the business and rationalising the United Kingdom's fertiliser industry. The business was incorporated in 1895 under the name of Edward Packard and Company Limited.[1] In 1919 it bought a fertiliser business founded by James Fison of Thetford in 1808 and in 1929 the parent company's name was changed to Packard and James Fison (Thetford) Limited to reflect the acquisition.[1] The Company formally changed its name to the shorter Fisons Ltd in 1942.[1] During the 1950s, Fisons promoted the spraying of crops utilising helicopters.[2] Fisons owned parts of the Somerset Levels, where they extracted peat. In 1970 one of their staff, Ray Sweet, discovered the remains of a timber trackway. It has been dated to 3807 or 3806 BC,[3] and is now known as the Sweet Track. A portion is now in the collection of the British Museum.[4] In the early 1980s the company decided to focus on pharmaceutical products and its fertiliser activities were sold to Norsk Hydro in 1982.[5] Many years of successful growth were financed by sales of sodium cromoglycate in a variety of formulations used to treat asthma and allergies of the eye among several disease areas. However, the loss of lucrative product licences for Opticrom and Imferon in the USA in 1991[6] and the failure of clinical trials for Tipredane, an asthma drug, in 1993 revealed bleak prospects for the business.[7] In early 1995 the Instruments Division was sold to US Thermo Instrument Systems while the Research and Development facilities in Loughborough and Rochester, New York, with their pipelines were acquired by the Swedish company Astra AB.[8] In late 1995 Fisons was acquired by the United States-based Rhone-Poulenc Rorer, Inc., which in turn was wholly owned by France's chemical giant Rhône-Poulenc S.A.[9] OperationsThe company was based in Ipswich with Pharmaceutical Research and Development in Loughborough, United Kingdom, and Rochester, New York, USA, and manufacturing in Holmes Chapel, Cheshire.[10] SponsorshipFisons were sponsors of Ipswich Town Football Club from the 1986/87 season through to the 1994/95 season, including the 1991–92 season when they won the Second Division championship and gained promotion to the new Premier League.[11] See also
References1. ^1 2 3 Early history of the company to 1960 {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110520023019/http://www.competition-commission.gov.uk/rep_pub/reports/1950_1959/fulltext/023c04.pdf |date=20 May 2011 }} at UK Competition Commission, 1960. (PDF) Accessed September 2007 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.british-caledonian.com/BUA_Helicopters_Pt_3.html|title=BUA Helicopters|publisher=British Caledonia|accessdate=27 December 2018}} 3. ^{{cite web | title = The day the Sweet Track was built | work = New Scientist, 16 June 1990 | url = https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg12617212.800-science-the-day-the-sweet-track-was-built.html | accessdate = 26 October 2007 }} 4. ^[https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/s/section_of_the_sweet_track.aspx 1986,1201.1–27] Sweet Track exhibition highlight page, British Museum 5. ^About Yara UK at Yara UK website. Retrieved December 2014 6. ^Fisons pharmaceutical sales hit by FDA move, ICIS, 1991 7. ^Full business history International Directory of Company Histories. 2006 by The Gale Group, Inc. Retrieved September 2007 8. ^Medeva may be the cure for Fisons, The Independent, 23 April 1995 9. ^Door still open for agreed takeover of Fisons The Independent, 22 August 1995 10. ^{{cite web|url=https://moderngov.cheshireeast.gov.uk/documents/s29520/13%203294C.pdf|title=Former Fisons site, London Road, Holmes Chapel, Cheshire|accessdate=27 December 2018}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.eadt.co.uk/sport/ipswich-town-shirt-sponsor-history-1-5351926|title=A local radio station, fertiliser, beer... and now an online casino: Evolution of Ipswich Town shirt sponsors|date=11 January 2018|publisher=East Anglian Daily Times|accessdate=27 December 2018}} External links
8 : Companies based in Suffolk|Pharmaceutical companies of the United Kingdom|Chemical companies of the United Kingdom|Conglomerate companies established in 1843|1843 establishments in England|Companies disestablished in 1995|Defunct companies of England|British companies established in 1843 |
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