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词条 Five wisdoms
释义

  1. Nomenclature, orthography and etymology

  2. Five Wisdoms

  3. Five Dhyani Buddhas

  4. See also

  5. Notes

  6. References

  7. Sources

     Published sources  Web-sources 

  8. External links

{{MahayanaBuddhism}}{{Tibetan Buddhism}}

The Five Wisdoms{{refn|group=note|Sanskrit: pañca-jñāna; {{bo|t=ཡེ་ཤེས་ལྔ|w=ye shes lnga}};[1] Japanese: go-chi}} are five kinds of wisdoms which appear when the mind is purified of the five disturbing emotions and the natural mind appears.[2]{{refn|group=note|Anger, jealousy, pride, attachment and ignorance[2]}} All of those five wisdoms are represented by one of the five buddha-families.[2]

Nomenclature, orthography and etymology

Pañca-jñāna is orthographically rendered into English as: Five Wisdoms, Five Awarenesses, Five Pristine Cognitions.

Five Wisdoms

The Five Wisdoms are:

  1. Tathatā-jñāna, the wisdom of Suchness or Dharmadhatu, "the bare non-conceptualizing awareness" of Śūnyatā, the universal substrate of the other four jñāna;{{sfn|Keown|2003|p=209}}
  2. Ādarśa-jñāna, the wisdom of "Mirror-like Awareness", "devoid of all dualistic thought and ever united with its 'content' as a mirror is with its reflections";{{sfn|Keown|2003|p=209}}{{refn|group=note|Ādarśa is Sanskrit for "mirror", the term may be parsed into the etymon of darśana with a grammatical adposition}}
  3. Samatā-jñāna, the wisdom of the "Awareness of Sameness", which perceives the sameness, the commonality of dharmas or phenomena.{{sfn|Keown|2003|p=209}}
  4. {{IAST|Pratyavekṣaṇa-jñāna}}, the wisdom of "Investigative Awareness", that perceives the specificity, the uniqueness of dharmas.{{sfn|Keown|2003|p=209}}
  5. {{IAST|Kṛty-anuṣṭhāna-jñāna}}, the wisdom of "Accomplishing Activities", the awareness that "spontaneously carries out all that has to be done for the welfare of beings, manifesting itself in all directions".{{sfn|Keown|2003|p=209}}

The Five Wisdoms "emerge through a transformation (parāvṛtti) of the eight consciousnesses at the moment of enlightenment".{{sfn|Keown|2003|p=209}}

Five Dhyani Buddhas

The idea of the Five Wisdoms "underwent a considerable development" within Tibetan Buddhism where they are "symbolized or embodied" in the Five Dhyani Buddhas.{{sfn|Keown|2003|p=209}}

According to Tenzin Wangyal, the Five Pure Lights become the Five Poisons if we remain deluded, or the Five Wisdoms and the Five Buddha Families if we recognize their purity.[3]

The Five Wisdoms, and the accompanying Five Buddhas, are represented in Tibetan Buddhism by the "symbolic bone ornaments".{{refn|group=note|Skt: aṣṭhiamudrā; Tib: rus pa'i rgyanl phyag rgya}}[4] The Hevajra Tantra associates the Symbolic Bone Ornaments directly with the Five Wisdoms:{{refn|group=note|These are elucidated by a commentary to the Hevajra Tantra by Jamgön Kongtrul.[5]}}

  1. the 'wheel-like' (Tib.: 'khor lo) 'crown ornament' (sometimes called 'crown jewel') (Tib.: gtsug gi nor bu), symbolic of Akshobhya and 'mirror-like pristine awareness' (Ādarśa-jñāna);
  2. 'earrings' (Tib.: rna cha) represent of Amitabha and pristine awareness of discernment (Pratyavekṣaṇa-jñāna);
  3. 'necklace' (Tib.: mgul rgyan) symbolizing Ratnasambhava and pristine awareness of total sameness (Samatā-jñāna);
  4. 'bracelets' (Tib.: lag gdu) and 'anklets' (Tib.: gdu bu) as symbolic of Vairochana and pristine awareness of the ultimate dimension of phenomena (Tathatā-jñāna);
  5. 'girdle' (Tib.: ske rags) symbolizing Amoghasiddhi and the accomplishing pristine awareness (Kṛty-anuṣṭhāna-jñāna);

The additional ornament spoken of in various texts related to Hevajra is ash from a cremation ground smeared on the body (Tib.: thal chen).[4]

See also

  • Four Dharmadhātu
  • Four ways of knowing
  • Achintya Bheda Abheda
  • Darśana
  • Dhyani Buddhas
  • Five Powers
  • Mahabhuta
  • Pancamakara
  • Pancatattva

Notes

1. ^Rangjung Yeshe Dictionary
2. ^1 2 Lone Hansen (Shenphen Chödron), The Five Wisdoms {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714194208/http://basicdharma.org/index.php/The_Five_Wisdoms |date=2014-07-14 }}
3. ^Wangyal, Tenzin (author) & Dahlby, Mark (editor). Healing with Form, Energy and Light: The Five Elements in Tibetan Shamanism, Tantra, and Dzogchen. Ithaca, NY, USA: Snow Lion Publications. {{ISBN|1-55939-176-6}}
4. ^1 Kongtrul, Jamgön (author); (English translators: Guarisco, Elio; McLeod, Ingrid) (2005). The Treasury of Knowledge (shes bya kun la khyab pa’i mdzod). Book Six, Part Four: Systems of Buddhist Tantra, The Indestructibe Way of Secret Mantra. Bolder, Colorado, USA: Snow Lion Publications. {{ISBN|1-55939-210-X}} (alk.paper) p.493
5. ^refer CH, f. 66a6-b1; where CH = Kongtrul Lodrö Taé, Disclosing the Secret of the Invincible Vajra: Phrase by Phrase Commentary on the Hevajra Tantra Two Examinations (dPal kye'i rdo rje'i rgyud kyi rgyal po brtag pa gnyis pa'i tshig don rnam par 'grol ba bzhom med rdo rje'i gsang ba 'byed pa). Rumtex, Sikkim: Dharma Chakra Centre, 1981.

References

{{reflist|2}}

Sources

Published sources

{{refbegin}}
  • {{Citation | last =Kalupahana | first =David J. | year =1991 | title =Buddhist Thought and Ritual | publisher =Paragon House}}
  • {{Citation | last =Keown | first =Damien | year =2003 | title =A Dictionary of Buddhism |publisher=Oxford University Press | isbn =0-19-860560-9}}
  • Thrangu Rinpoche (author) & Peter Roberts (translator) (1998). The Five Buddha Families and The Eight Consciousnesses. Boulder, CO, USA: Published by the Namo Buddha Seminar. Source:   (accessed: November 22, 2007)
{{refend}}

Web-sources

{{reflist|group=web}}

External links

  • The Five Wisdoms: Talk five of six on the Buddhist Wisdom teachings. (transcribed talk), by FWBO's Ratnaghosa (accessed: Thursday, November 22, 2007)
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