“Ford Barra engine”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The Barra engines are a family of inline 6 engines & V8 3V engines manufactured by Ford Australia between 2002 and 2016. These engines are unique to Ford vehicles manufactured in Australia and were developed and manufactured in Geelong, Victoria. The "Barra" was first introduced in the BA Falcon, named after the "Barramundi" code name used during the development of the BA update engine. The three-valve versions of the 5.4 V8s were also labeled as Barra engines, whilst the higher-specification four-valve variants were known as "Boss" engines. The V8 models of the Barra engine were discontinued with the FG model, whereas the inline 6 engines continued to be built in the Geelong factory until 26 September 2016, and factory shutdown and death of the Australian Ford Falcon occurred on the 7th of October, 2016..^[1]

I6 engine

All Barra I6 engines are DOHC with VCT.^[2] They are a development of the SOHC I6s produced between 1988 and 2002, which in turn are a development of the 3.3 and 4.1 L push-rod flat-tappet I6, developed in Australia as an "Alloy Head" Crossflow in 1981, eventually in both carburetted and injected versions, which itself was developed from the original iron-head cross flow engine from 1976, and which in turn was developed, again in Australia, from the original non-cross flow family of light Ford sixes which originated in North America as the "Thriftpower Six" designed for the original American Ford Falcon compact of 1959, initially in just a 144 cubic inch (2.4 L) displacement.

Petrol

Barra 182

This engine is found in the six-cylinder variants of the BA Falcon (also derivative models Fairmont and Fairlane), and SX Territory, and was produced between late 2002 and mid 2005. This was the first Falcon engine that came standard with DOHC and Variable Cam Timing. This contributed to the significant jump in output over the base 157 kW SOHC Intech engine in the previous generation AU Falcon and a 10 kW gain over the Tickford enhanced VCT engine's 172 kW. It also kept Ford's engine power outputs above those of the Holden Ecotec and L67 supercharged V6 engines found in the Holden VY Commodore.

Barra 190

This engine is found in the BF Falcon and SY/SY II Territory, and was produced between late 2005 and early 2008. It is aesthetically the same and mechanically very similar to the Barra 182. Changes from its predecessor include an increase in compression ratio, a slight revision of the cam profiles, a revision of the air intake system, the introduction of dual independent variable camshaft timing, a secondary knock sensor and an upgraded ECU, which allowed for more sophisticated ignition timing and spark control. These changes lead to a slight increase in power to 190 kW.^[3]

Barra 195

The Barra 195 is the last version of the naturally aspirated I6 engine and is found in the FG/FG-X Falcon and SZ/SZ II Territory. Changes from its predecessor include a new plastic inlet manifold & throttle body and a redesigned cylinder head. These changes achieved minor power and economy improvements over the Barra 190.^[4]

Turbocharged petrol

Barra 240T

This engine is found in the BA Falcon XR6 Turbo, and was produced between late 2002 and mid 2005. It is similar to the naturally aspirated Barra 182, except it has different pistons to lower the compression ratio, a single Garrett GT35/40r turbocharger, higher base fuel pressure, upgraded exhaust valves, red rocker cover, and an intercooler.^[5]

Barra 245T

This engine is found in the BF Falcon XR6 Turbo and the SY Territory Turbo, and was produced between mid 2005 and early 2008. It is similar to the naturally aspirated Barra 190, except it has different pistons to lower the compression ratio, a single Garrett GT35/40r turbocharger, different injectors, and an intercooler. The XR6 Turbo had a red rocker cover, and the Territory Turbo had a dark grey rocker cover. In May 2006 the engine received a minor internal upgrade which addressed concerns of bending con-rods, by introducing stronger con-rods.^[6]

Barra 270T

This engine is found in the BA/BF Falcon based FPV F6 Typhoon and Tornado models, and the SY Territory based FPV F6X, and was produced between 2004 and early 2009. It is the high-power variant of the Barra 240/245T versions found in the XR6 Turbo. The increase in power is achieved through the use of higher boost pressures from the otherwise under-utilised large Garrett GT3540 turbocharger, a larger intercooler, revised air intake, and upgraded valve springs. It has a blue-coloured rocker cover. With the introduction of the BF Falcon in 2005 the Barra 270T received a few upgrades which were introduced with the Barra 245T, namely the introduction of dual independent VCT, the introduction of a second knock sensor and a more powerful ECU.^[7]

Barra 270T FG

This engine is found in the FG/FG-X Falcon XR6 Turbo, and was produced between mid 2008 and late 2016. Although the power figures for the revised turbo engine for the Barra 270T FG mimic the old FPV turbo I6, the engines are quite different. It has a redesigned low-profile intake plenum (replacing the circa 1994 broadband manifold intake which originated in the naturally aspirated EF Falcon), a smaller turbocharger which can spool faster, a new intercooler, and also a modified cylinder head to increase compression. The end result is that the FG XR6 Turbo is actually faster than the FPV's BF Typhoon although they share the same power output. This engine employs an transient over-boost feature for a maximum 10 seconds when optimal atmospheric conditions are met when under full throttle, boosting torque to 586 Nm.^[8] However, there are claims that this figure is significantly higher than 586 Nm. Some sources claim over 640 Nm is achieved for 10 seconds at a time . It is also rumoured that Ford under-quoted the Barra 270T FG's power figures, with Ford Engineers claiming that the actual power output is close to or over 305 kW. Numerous dynamometer printouts from various standard XR6s with the Turbo engine help to back up Ford Engineers' claims.

Barra 310T

This engine is found in the FG Falcon based FPV F6. It is the high-power variant of the FG XR6 Turbo's Barra 270T. It was produced between mid 2008 and mid 2014, ending production when FPV shut down. Featuring a larger turbocharger and intercooler, different pistons to reduce compression, and larger injectors than its less powerful sibling, it was the first engine manufactured in Australia to produce more than {{Convert|100|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} per litre, producing 310 kW at the flywheel.

It is rumoured that Ford under-quoted all turbo 6 figures to save face and to save the V8 models at the showroom when delivering the V8's power figures at the time. There are claims from Ford Engineers that say Ford under-quoted the F6's power figures, with numerous tests Australia wide that back up Ford Engineers' claims that the Barra 310T's power output is actually closer to 360 rear wheel kW with torque exceeding 700 Nm.

Barra 325T

The final and most powerful variant of the 4.0-litre I6 cylinder turbo-petrol engine featured in the FG-X XR6 Sprint. This engine is the most powerful six cylinder produced in Australia and was built in very limited numbers, and with only 500 for Australia and 50 for New Zealand (Actual production is 560, as there are 10 pre-production vehicles). Each engine had its own numbered build plaque attached to the rocker cover, which is painted in the same colour as the Territory Turbo rocker cover. The engine is based internally upon the Barra 270T, with extras added from the Barra 310T variant such as turbo, intercooler and injectors; and a custom designed carbon fibre air intake. It was chosen to base the engine on the 270T instead of the 310T due to the increased compression ratio. The engine employs an over-boost feature for 10 seconds when optimal atmospheric conditions are met when under full throttle, boosting power & torque to an again under quoted 370 kW and 650 Nm.

Liquefied petroleum gas

Barra E-Gas

This engine was launched in 2002 with the BA Falcon and was a development of the Intech E-Gas engine. The E-Gas engine is designed to run on autogas only. It features a low-performance, high-reliability, low-maintenance Vialle closed-loop single-point venturi-style LPG-injector-less carburetion system in lieu of the standard sequential petrol injection system. This engine was carried over to the FG Falcon with only one option of a 4-Speed automatic transmission, without traction control but was replaced in mid-2011 by the EcoLPi system, which featured the ZF 6HP26 6-speed automatic transmission and traction control as per fitted to the petrol models.

Barra EcoLPi

This engine was launched in 2011 as a replacement for the E-Gas engine. It features a liquid phase injection autogas system which exceeds the power and torque outputs of all variants of Holden’s more technically advanced SIDI V6 engine as well as Toyota’s acclaimed 2GR-FE engine.^[10]

Discontinuation

On 23 May 2013, Ford Australia confirmed that the Barra 4.0 I6 would be discontinued along with the Ford Falcon and Territory by October 2016. Ford Australia's engine manufacturing operations ceased on 26 September 2016 and car assembly on 7 October 2016. Ford Australia president Bob Graziano cited unprofitability due to high labour costs and dwindling market share for the demise of local manufacturing.^[11]

The Barra V8s are based on the modular engine. All are of the 5.4 litre (330ci) variant with SOHC driving three valves per cylinder and feature VCT. The Falcon was the first vehicle in the Ford world to have the VCT Modular engine. The higher-performance V8s are called the Boss 260 and 290, and from November 2007, Boss 302 with DOHC and four valves per cylinder. They are named in this way due to the kilowatt output of the engines.

Barra 220

This was an optional engine on the BA Falcon and was produced between 2002 and 2005.

Note: Barra 220 is the BA V8 5.4 L upgrade for the Falcon models below and above XR series (XT, Futura, Fairmont, Fairmont Ghia, Fairlane, Fairlane Ghia, LTD).

Barra 230

An option on the BF Falcon, its extra power comes from a slight increase in compression ratio. This is done safely with the addition of another knock sensor. It was in production since 2005.

Note: Barra 230 is the BF V8 5.4 L upgrade for the Falcon models below the XR series.