“For life”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

For life, formerly All-Ukrainian Union "Center" (1999—2016) ({{Lang-uk|Політична партія "Всеукраїнське об'єднання "Центр"}}, "Vseukrayinske obiednannya "Tsentr") is a political party in Ukraine registered December 1999 that has its current name since 2016. The party leader is Vadim Rabinovich.^[3]^[4] From 2014 to 2018, the head of political council of party was Evgeny Murayev. Viktor Medvedchuk succeeded him in 2018.

On November 2018, the party announced the formation of the Opposition Platform — For life ({{lang-uk|Опозиційна платформа — За життя}}, "Opposition platform — Za zhyttya"), which is not yet registered.

History

All-Ukrainian Union "Center"

At the Ukrainian parliamentary election, 2002 the party won only 0.16% of the votes as part of "National Movement Bloc" along with People's Movement of Ukraine for Unity.^[5]

During the legislative elections of 26 March 2006, the party was part of the Opposition Bloc "Ne Tak". In the 30 September 2007 elections, the party failed as part of the Electoral Bloc of Political Parties "KUCHMA" to win parliamentary representation.^[5]

For the 2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election, the party joined the Opposition Bloc along with other five parties; in these elections Opposition Bloc won 29 seats.^[7]^[8]^[9]

For life

In July 2016 former members of the Opposition Bloc Vadim Rabinovich and Yevhen Murayev^[10] reconstituted the party under the name For life.^[11]^[12]

In September 2018 Murayev left For life^[13] and (5 days later) created the new political party Ours (Nashi).^[14]^[15]

The Ministry of Justice of Ukraine did not register the name change of All-Ukrainian Union "Center".^[16]

Foundation of Opposition Platform — For life

According to Ukrayinska Pravda in the summer of 2018 negotiations on the unification of the parties For life and Opposition Bloc started.^[17] Ukrayinska Pravda says these talks were instigated by Serhiy Lyovochkin who, along with Dmytro Firtash, controlled one of the wings of Opposition Bloc.^[17] While Rinat Akhmetov controlled the other wing of Opposition Bloc.^[17] Early November 2018 the Opposition Bloc members loyal to Akhmetov decided to take a pause in the negotiations.^[17]

On 5 November 2018, one of Russian President Vladimir Putin’s closest associates and chief of staff to former Ukrainian President Leonid Kuchma, Viktor Medvedchuk was elected chairman of For life.^[18]^[19]^[20]

On 9 November 2018 Opposition Bloc chairman Yuriy Boyko and For life signed an agreement (called Opposition Platform-For life) for cooperation in the 2019 Ukrainian presidential election and the parliamentary election of the same year.^[21]^[22] The same day Opposition Bloc leading members Vadym Novynskyi and Borys Kolesnikov claimed the agreement was a "personal initiative" of Boyko and that the party had not take any decisions on cooperation with For life.^[23]

Opposition Bloc member Party of Development of Ukraine joined the Opposition Platform — For life alliance on 17 November 2018.^[22] The same day Opposition Platform-For life nominated Boyko as its candidate in the 2019 Ukrainian presidential election.^[22]

After Boyko was excluded from a faction of the Opposition Bloc (the reason given was "because they betrayed their voters" interests), who later became the Opposition Bloc - Party for Development and Peace, on 20 November 2018 he announced the creation of a new parliamentary group called 'Opposition Platform — For life'.^[24]^[25] According to Boyko part of the Opposition Bloc is to join this new parliamentary group and he claimed "we have several offers from MPs belonging to other groups".^[25]

On 13 December 2018 a new party, called Opposition Platform — For life, have been formed.^[26]

Boyko's official nomination was announced on 17 November. Because Opposition Platform-For life was not yet registered as a party in January 2019 it could not nominate him as a presidential candidate.^[35]^[16] Hence on 17 January 2019 Boyko submitted documents to the Central Election Commission of Ukraine for registration as a self-nominated candidate.^[27]{{refn|Also in January 2019 Yuriy Boyko's former Opposition Bloc fellow faction member Oleksandr Vilkul was nominated for the presidency by Opposition Bloc - Party for Development and Peace (the recently renamed Industrial Party of Ukraine).^[28] According to Liga.net Rinat Akhmetov had renamed Industrial Party of Ukraine to Opposition Bloc - Party for Development and Peace solely to circumvent the courts injunction of 20 December 2018 (which prohibited any changes to the statute of the (party) Opposition Bloc, this lawsuit was filed by People's Deputy of Ukraine for Opposition Bloc Serhiy Larin^[29]).^[28]|group=nb}}

Stances

The party stands for a non-aligned status of Ukraine, administrative reform and deep decentralization with maximum powers to the regional administrations.^[16] This is despite the fact that party leader Vadim Rabinovich, according to OPORA monitoring, never votes for bills in support of decentralization in Ukraine.^[16] Rabinovich stated that these bills in support of decentralization do not correspond to the concept of decentralization, so he did not vote for them.^[16] Rabinovich instead proposed to hold a referendum on the issue of abolishing the office of President of Ukraine, a new Constitution, including federalization, which he does not want to be named federalization "because that word makes people nervous."^[16]

According to an agreement signed on 9 November 2018 between Opposition Bloc's Yuriy Boyko and the party "the main enemies of Ukraine are war, social injustice, corruption, criminal impunity, criminal national leadership, tariff genocide, predatory nationalism, and poverty."^[21]

During his presidential campaign in March 2019 the party's presidential candidate Boyko and party leader Viktor Medvedchuk met Russian Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev "to remove mutual restrictions, sanctions, and ensure normal trade" (between Ukraine and Russia).^[30]

Notes

1. ^http://zagittya.com.ua/party/programma.html
2. ^http://zagittya.com.ua/party/programma.html
3. ^[https://web.archive.org/web/20141002174955/http://dt.ua/POLITICS/rabinovich-ocholiv-partiyu-centr-143604_.html Rabinovych is heading the party "Center"]. Mirror Weekly. 20 May 2014
4. ^http://ukropnews24.com/the-main-political-parties-in-ukraine-has-lost-in-the-ranking-the-survey/
5. ^¹{{Uk icon}} Databases ASD: Political parties in Ukraine
6. ^{{uk icon}} Results of voting in single constituencies in 2012 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121127194105/http://www.cvk.gov.ua/pls/vnd2012/wp039?PT001F01=900 |date=November 27, 2012 }} & Nationwide list, Central Election Commission of Ukraine
7. ^Poroshenko Bloc to have greatest number of seats in parliament {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141112000000/http://www.ukrinform.ua/eng/news/poroshenko_bloc_to_have_greatest_number_of_seats_in_parliament_327072 |date=November 12, 2014 }}, Ukrinform (8 November 2014)
People's Front 0.33% ahead of Poroshenko Bloc with all ballots counted in Ukraine elections - CEC {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141112000000/http://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/233404.html |date=November 12, 2014 }}, Interfax-Ukraine (8 November 2014)
Poroshenko Bloc to get 132 seats in parliament - CEC, Interfax-Ukraine (8 November 2014)
8. ^Opposition Bloc boosts rating by distancing itself from Yanukovych era, Kyiv Post (Oct. 24, 2014)
9. ^Opposition Bloc boosts rating by distancing itself from Yanukovych era, Kyiv Post (Oct. 24, 2014)
Development party of Ukraine, 'Ukraine - Forward!' and four more political forces team up in Opposition Bloc, Kyiv Post (Sept. 15, 2014)
Ukraine’s Elections: The Battle of the Billionaires, The Daily Beast (10.25.14)
{{uk icon}} Non-Maidan parties united into the Opposition Bloc. Radio Liberty. 14 September 2014
10. ^{{cite web|url=http://ukropnews24.com/party-the-center-received-a-new-name/|title=Party 'the Center' received a new name|accessdate=27 November 2017}}
11. ^http://ukropnews24.com/party-the-center-received-a-new-name/
12. ^http://ukropnews24.com/the-main-political-parties-in-ukraine-has-lost-in-the-ranking-the-survey/
13. ^{{uk icon}} [https://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2018/09/21/7192780/ Muraev said that he was leaving Rabinovich and created his own party], Ukrayinska Pravda (21 September 2018)
14. ^[https://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/533942.html Murayev will head Nashi Party], Interfax-Ukraine (26 September 2018)
15. ^{{uk icon}} [https://24tv.ua/nardep_murayev_ocholiv_novu_partiyu_nashi_n1037679 People's Deputy Murayev is heading a new party "OUR"], Channel 24 (26 September 2018)
16. ^¹²³⁴⁵{{uk icon}} [https://www.pravda.com.ua/cdn/graphics/2017/02/hto_komu_vadym_rabinovych/ FOR LIFE Who is Vadim Rabinovich to whom?] by Ukrayinska Pravda/Civil movement "Chesno" (2017)
17. ^¹²³{{uk icon}} [https://www.pravda.com.ua/articles/2018/11/20/7198714/ Odd-man-out. Why Leovochkin and Medvedchuk are preparing for the election without Akhmetov], Ukrayinska Pravda (20 November 2018)
18. ^https://www.politico.eu/article/the-dirty-dozen-12-people-who-ruined-ukraine/
19. ^https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/putin-russia-godfather-viktor-medvedchuk-us-sanctions-ukraine-politics-a8515456.html
20. ^https://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/542776.html
21. ^¹[https://www.kyivpost.com/ukraine-politics/two-russia-friendly-parties-join-forces-for-presidential-election.html Two Russia-friendly parties join forces for presidential election], Kyiv Post (9 November 2018)
22. ^¹²{{uk icon}} [https://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2018/11/17/7198528/ The association of Boyko-Rabinovich was determined with the presidential candidate], Ukrayinska Pravda (17 November 2018)
23. ^{{uk icon}} [https://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2018/11/9/7197734/ Boyko's decision to merge with Rabinovich does not concern the "Opposition" - Novinsky], Ukrayinska Pravda (9 November 2018)
24. ^[https://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/546280.html Boiko, Loovochkin excluded from Opposition Bloc faction for betraying voters' interests — Vilkul], Interfax-Ukraine (20 November 2018)
25. ^¹[https://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/546313.html Boiko announces creation of Opposition Platform — For Life parliamentary group], Interfax-Ukraine (20 November 2018)
26. ^{{uk icon}} [https://ua.interfax.com.ua/news/election2019/опозиційна_платформа/553237.html New party will appear in Ukraine - "Opposition platform - For life"], Interfax-Ukraine (13 December 2018)
27. ^¹{{uk icon}} [https://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2019/01/17/7204079/ Boyko began registering as a presidential candidate], Ukrayinska Pravda (17 November 2018)
28. ^¹{{uk icon}} [https://ua.korrespondent.net/ukraine/4055712-vybory-prezydenta-kivu-vilkula-ta-hnapa-vysunuly Presidential elections: Kivu, Vilkul and Hnapa have been nominated], Korrespondent.net (20 January 2019)
{{uk icon}} [https://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2019/01/22/7204524/ Kiva and Vilkul surrendered to the Central Election Commission], Ukrayinska Pravda (22 January 2019)
29. ^{{uk icon}} [https://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2018/12/14/7201276/ Split "Opoploko": the court imposed restrictions on the party before the congress], Ukrayinska Pravda (14 December 2018)
30. ^{{uk icon}} [https://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2019/03/22/7209967/ Medvedchuk and Boyko promise to continue to negotiate with Russia], Ukrayinska Pravda (22 March 2019)