“Fort Fisher Air Force Station”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Fort Fisher Air Force Station was a United States Air Force installation located on the Atlantic coast {{convert|0.8|mi|km}} southwest of Kure Beach, North Carolina. Its primary mission was as a radar complex. It was closed on 30 June 1988 by the Air Force, and turned over to the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA).

Today the radar installation that was the main part of the site is part of the Joint Surveillance System (JSS), designated by NORAD as Eastern Air Defense Sector (EADS) Ground Equipment Facility J-02.

History

Fort Fisher AAF

Fort Fisher Army Airfield (Fort Fisher AAF) was established at the Fort Fisher anti-aircraft range and included construction of 48 frame buildings, 316 tent frames, showers and latrines, mess halls, warehouses, radio and meteorological stations, a post exchange, photo lab, recreation hall, outdoor theater, guardhouse, infirmary, and an administration building.^[4] The site had a 10,000-gallon water storage tank, a motor pool, a large parade ground, three steel observation towers along the beach, and a {{convert|2500|ft|m|abbr=on}} unpaved runway (the Shepard's Battery earthworks were leveled for the runway.)^[5] Today,{{When|reason=On what date was the edit made with this "Today" claim?|date=June 2014}} the parking lot and visitor center for Fort Fisher sit on the remains of the runway.

When Camp Davis closed in 1944,{{Specify|reason=day/month? |date=June 2014}} Fort Fisher AAF had an 80-seat cafeteria, a 350-bed hospital and dental clinic, and covered an area of several hundred acres.{{Specify|reason=Did Fort Fisher AAF close until 1955?|date=June 2014}}

Fort Fisher AFS

ADC initially installed AN/MPS-7 and AN/MPS-8 radars at the site, and initially the station functioned as a Ground control intercept (GCI) and warning station to guide interceptor aircraft toward unidentified intruders picked up on the squadron's radar scopes. By 1958 the AN/MPS-8 had been converted into an AN/GPS-3 and an AN/MPS-14 had been added.

In 1962 an AN/FPS-7C and AN/FPS-26 were placed in operation along with the AN/MPS-14 radars. During 1962 Fort Fisher AFS joined the Semi Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) system, initially feeding data to DC-04 at Fort Lee AFS, Virginia. After joining, the squadron was redesignated as the 701st Radar Squadron (SAGE) on 1 July 1962.^[8] The radar squadron provided information 24/7 the SAGE Direction Center where it was analyzed to determine range, direction altitude speed and whether or not aircraft were friendly or hostile.

On 31 July 1963, the site was redesignated as NORAD ID Z-115. The station was supported logistically by nearby Myrtle Beach Air Force Base South Carolina.

SLBM surveillance

The Fort Fisher AFS AN/FPS-26 radar was converted to an Avco AN/FSS-7 SLBM Detection Radar that was operated by Detachment 5, 14th Missile Warning Squadron, Fourteenth Aerospace Force as part of the Avco 474N SLBM Detection and Warning System that "became operational in Mid-1972".^[9]^[10]

In addition to the main facility, Fort Fisher AFS operated several unmanned Gap Filler sites:

Myrtle Beach operated an AN/FPS-14, while Fort Bragg operated an AN/FPS-18. In addition, with the closure of ADC facilities at MCAS Cherry Point (M-116), the AN/FPS-14 Gap Filler at Holly Ridge, NC {{Coord|34|30|50|N|077|32|08|W|display=inline|name=M-116C/M-115C}} was redesignated Z-115C in 1963.

The first BUIC III site (with AN/GYK-19) in Air Defense Command was at Fort Fisher AFS.^[11]

The 701st Radar Squadron (SAGE) was inactivated^[8] and replaced by the 701st Air Defense Group in March 1970^[12] Just before inactivation, the squadron earned an Air Force Outstanding Unit Award for exceptionally meritorious service for the period from 1 December 1968 through 28 February 1970.^[13] The upgrade to group status was done because of Fort Fisher AFS' status as a Backup Interceptor Control (BUIC) site. BUIC sites were alternate control sites in the event that SAGE Direction Centers became disabled and unable to control interceptor aircraft. The group was inactivated and replaced by 701st Radar Squadron (SAGE) in January 1974.^[8]^[12] in reductions to defenses against manned bombers. The group and squadron shared a second AF Outstanding Unit Award for the period 1 January 1973 through 31 December 1974.^[13]

Fort Fisher AFS came under Tactical Air Command jurisdiction in 1979 with the inactivation of Aerospace Defense Command and the creation of ADTAC.

The "Fuzzy-7" was deactivated after the Raytheon AN/FPS-115 PAVE PAWS Radar at Robins Air Force Base was completed on 5 June 1986,^[14] and the base closed on 30 June 1988,^[15] and the USAF retained the housing complex and converted it into the Fort Fisher Air Force Recreation Area^[16] which transferred to Seymour Johnson Air Force Base when Myrtle Beach AFB closed in 1993.

FAA facility

Ground Equipment Facility J-02 continued use of the USAF radar in the Joint Surveillance System (JSS), and "in 1995 an AN/FPS-91A performed search duties."^[17] A portion of the base was returned to the state of North Carolina which turned much of it into the Fort Fisher State Recreation Area and historic site.

The Fort Fisher site{{Which|reason=State land, USAF rec area, FAA site?|date=June 2014}} is used by the National Guard as a training area and also hosts the Annual Seafood, Blues and Jazz Festival.^[18]{{Verify source|date=June 2014}}

Air Force units and assignments

Units

Assignments

Awards

See also

References

Notes

1. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.radomes.org/cgi-bin/museum/acwinfo2x.cgi?site=%22Fort+Fisher+AFS,+NC%22&key=FortFisherAFSNC&pic=FortFisherAFSNC&doc=FortFisherAFSNC&www=FortFisherAFSNC |last1=|first1=|title=Information for Fort Fisher AFS, NC|date=|publisher=Radomes, Inc.|deadurl=no |accessdate=}}
2. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.radomes.org/museum/documents/FortFisherAFSNCclosing.html |last1=|first1=|title=Deactivation Ceremony Program|date=30 June 1988|publisher=Radomes, Inc.|deadurl=no |accessdate=}}
3. ^Camp Davis used a World War II range at Fort Fisher—the camp was built in late December 1940 as an Army anti-aircraft artillery training facility, and the camp had ~20,000 officers and men of the First Army, Fourth Corps Area using more than 3,000 buildings on {{convert|45538|acre|km2|1}} and new railroad spurs into the camp. Camp Davis' 4 other live anti-aircraft ranges were outside of the main post along the southern coast of North Carolina at Sears Point, New Topsail Inlet, Maple Hill, and Holly Shelter.{{Citation needed |date=June 2014}} The Fort Fisher range became the main range for Camp Davis and then was used for a United States Army Air Forces airfield.{{Full citation needed|date=June 2014}}
4. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.airfields-freeman.com |last1=Freeman|first1=Paul|title=Abandoned & Little-Known Airfields, Southeastern North Carolina|date=2002|publisher=Paul Freeman|deadurl=no |accessdate=}}
5. ^{{cite web|publisher=North Carolina Office of Archives and History |title=Fort Fisher During World War II|accessdate= 21 January 2008|url=http://www.nchistoricsites.org/fisher/ww2/ww2.htm}}
6. ^Leonard, Vol I. 1945-1955, p. 66
7. ^Grant{{Full citation needed|date=February 2015}}
8. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶⁷⁸⁹¹⁰¹¹¹²Cornett & Johnson, p.162
9. ^Leonard, Vol II, 1955-1972, p. 226
10. ^reference 3
11. ^{{cite news|title=First BUIC Site Opens: Ft. Fisher first in ADC To Get New Defense System|url=http://www.radomes.org/museum/documents/FortFisherAFSNCTCSBUIC-IIIopens1969.html|newspaper=The Command Post|location=Stewart AFB, NY|date=January 1969}}
12. ^¹²³Cornett & Johnson, p.86
13. ^¹²³⁴AF Pamphlet 900-2, Vol. II, pp 87,449
14. ^Del Papa & Warner the Space Defense Center combining the Air Force's Space Track and the Navy's Spasur.
15. ^{{cite web|last=Murdock|first= Scott D |title=Trip report - Kitty Hawk at last: Saturday, 6 May 2006| publisher=Airforcebases.net| accessdate =21 January 2008|url=http://www.airforcebase.net/trips/kitty/kitty.html}}
16. ^See {{cite web |url= http://www.ftfishermilrec.com |last1=|first1=|title=Fort Fisher AF Recreation Area|date=|publisher=The Website Factory|deadurl=no |accessdate=August 20, 2014}}
17. ^Winkler & Webster{{Full citation needed|date=February 2015}}
18. ^ Information on Fort Fisher's military uses
19. ^See Mueller, p. 109
20. ^AF Pamphlet 900-2, Vol. I, p. 449