| 词条 | Fort Gorges |
| 释义 |
| name = Fort Gorges | nrhp_type = | image = Fort gorges.jpg | caption = Fort Gorges | location = E of Portland on Hog Island, Portland Harbor | nearest_city = Portland, Maine | coordinates = {{coord|43|39|47|N|70|13|17|W|display=inline,title}} | locmapin = Maine#USA | built = {{Start date|1858}} | added = August 28, 1973 | area = {{convert|6|acre}} | refnum = 73000114[1] }}Fort Gorges is a former United States military fort built on Hog Island Ledge in Casco Bay, Maine. Built from 1858 to 1864, no battles were fought there and no troops were stationed there. Advancing military technology, including iron clad ships and long range guns, made the fort obsolete before it could be used. The fort is now a park, accessible only by boat. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.[2] HistoryFollowing the War of 1812, the United States Army Corps of Engineers proposed that a fort be built on Hog Island Ledge, in Casco Bay at the entrance to the harbor at Portland, Maine. Named for the colonial proprietor of Maine, Sir Ferdinando Gorges, it was constructed to support existing forts, including Fort Preble in South Portland and Fort Scammel built on nearby House Island in 1808. Congress, however, did not fund construction of Fort Gorges until 1857. The walls of the fort were begun the next year, and when the American Civil War broke out in 1861, work quickly advanced. The fort was designed by Colonel Reuben Staples Smart. The chief architect in charge of construction was Thomas Lincoln Casey, who later became Chief of Engineers. It is similar in size and construction to Fort Sumter, but is built of granite instead of brick. The fort was completed in 1865 as the war ended. Modern explosives made the fort obsolete by the time it was completed. A modernization plan was begun in 1869, but funding was cut off in 1876, with the third level of the fort still unfinished. During the modernization project, sod-covered sand was added to the top level of the fort to protect gun encasements and powder magazines from attacks. The Fort's armament consisted of thirty-four 10-inch Rodman guns mounted in the fort's casemates. In 1898, all guns were removed from the fort except a large 300-pounder ({{convert|10|in|mm|abbr=on|0}}) Parrott rifle which was on the top of the fort but not mounted. The 300-pounder Parrott rifle still remains in place and is one of the largest surviving specimens of Civil War vintage artillery. The fort was last used by the Army during World War II, when it was used to store submarine mines. It was acquired by the city of Portland in 1960 and placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973. It is now open to the public as a park, and is accessible only by private boat or hired water taxi, including Atlantic Water Taxi which offers a specially designed land craft for beach landings. Visitors are recommended to carry a flashlight to enter the powder magazines. The fort is in need of restoration.[3] See also
References1. ^{{NRISref|version=2010a}} 2. ^{{cite web|url={{NRHP url|id=73000114}}|title = National Register of Historic Places Places Inventory - Nomination Form: Fort Gorges|author=Richard D. Kelly|accessdate = January 19, 2016|format = PDF|date=June 1973|publisher=National Park Service}} {{NRHP url|id=73000114|title=Accompanying two photos from 1973|photos=y}}. 3. ^{{cite news|last1=Russell|first1=Eric|title=Nonprofit group hopes to restore Fort Gorges in Casco Bay|url=http://www.pressherald.com/2015/06/22/nonprofit-group-hopes-to-restore-fort-gorges-in-casco-bay/|accessdate=January 19, 2016|work=Portland Press Herald|publisher=MaineToday Media|date=June 22, 2015}}
| title=Fort Scammel and Fort Gorges, Maine | work=U.S. Senate: Art & History Home | url=https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/art/artifact/Painting_33_00015.htm | accessdate= 2005-12-28}}
| title=Fort Gorges, Hog Island Ledge, Portland Harbor, Portland, Cumberland County, ME | work=Historic American Buildings Survey | url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/S?pp/hh:@field(TITLE+@od1(Fort+Gorges,+Hog+Island+Ledge,+Portland+Harbor,+Portland,+Cumberland+County,+ME)) | accessdate= 2005-12-28}} External links
|list ={{Forts of Casco Bay}}{{MEMilitary}}{{Registered Historic Places}}{{Portland, Maine}}{{Maine Islands}} }} 9 : Forts in Maine|Buildings and structures in Portland, Maine|Casco Bay|Islands of Portland, Maine|Parks in Portland, Maine|1858 establishments in Maine|Forts on the National Register of Historic Places in Maine|Landmarks in Maine|National Register of Historic Places in Portland, Maine |
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