| 词条 | Fort Massac |
| 释义 |
| name = Fort Massac State Park | iucn_category = V | photo = Fort Massac IL 2.JPG | photo_alt = Log structure inside palisade fence | photo_caption = The 2002 reconstruction of the 1802 Fort Massac, with the Ohio River in the background. The original, 1757 French fort foundation impression, can be seen on the far right, beyond the trees. | map = USA Illinois | map_width = 225 | map_caption = Map of the U.S. state of Illinois showing the location of Fort Massac State Park | location = Massac County, Illinois, USA | nearest_city = Metropolis, Illinois | coordinates = {{coords|37|08|38|N|88|41|14|W|display=inline, title}} | area = {{convert|1450|acre|0}} | established = 1908 | visitation_num = | visitation_year = | governing_body = Illinois Department of Natural Resources{{Infobox NRHP | name = Fort Massac Site | embed = yes | nrhp_type = | image = | caption = | nearest_city= Metropolis, Illinois | locmapin = Illinois#USA | built = 1757 | architect OR builder = | architecture = | added = July 14, 1971 | governing_body = State | refnum = 71000293[1] }} }} Fort Massac (or Fort Massiac) was a French colonial and early National-era fort on the Ohio River in Massac County, Illinois, United States. Its site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971. HistoryThe Spanish explorer Hernando de Soto and his soldiers may have built a fort nearby as early as 1540. Maps from the early 18th century show an "Ancien Fort" ("Old Fort") near this location.[2] Fort Massac was built by the French in 1757, during the French and Indian War and was originally called "Fort de L’Ascension." The name was changed in 1759, to honor of Claud Louis d'Espinchal, Marquis de Massiac, the French Naval Minister.[3] Massiac is in the Cantal department, in France. The French left the fort at the conclusion of the war, and it was destroyed by the Chickasaw sometime after 1763. In 1778, during the American Revolutionary War, Colonel George Rogers Clark led his regiment of "Long Knives" into Illinois near the site of the fort at Massac Creek.{{efn|Clark eventually captured all of Illinois Territory for the State of Virginia.}} The fort was rebuilt in 1794, during the Northwest Indian War.[2] In the fall of 1803, the Lewis and Clark Expedition stopped at Fort Massac on its way west, recruiting two volunteers.[4] The Fort was repaired after being damaged in the 1811–12 New Madrid earthquakes, but it was decommissioned in 1814.[2] State park and historic siteThe Fort Massac site became the first Illinois state park in 1908. In the 1970s, a partial reconstruction of the 1794 U.S. Army fort was built, but in 2002, it was torn down, and a smaller but more detailed version fort as it appeared in 1802 was reconstructed. Each fall, reenactors gather for the Fort Massac Encampment, which interprets life in the 18th century. A visitor center just north of the reconstruction includes a museum with Indian artifacts, mannequins in period clothing, and other exhibits that explain the history of the fort.{{efn|A scale model, built and donated by Mike Gaia of Paducah, KY, is displayed in the museum.}} Notes{{notelist}}References1. ^{{NRISref|version=2010a}} 2. ^1 2 {{cite web |title=About Fort Massac State Park |url=https://www.dnr.illinois.gov/parks/about/pages/fortmassac.aspx |publisher=Illinois Department of Natural Resources |accessdate=25 December 2018}} 3. ^Fort Massac State Park website {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100421054227/http://dnr.state.il.us/Lands/Landmgt/parks/R5/frmindex.htm |date=2010-04-21 }}. 4. ^{{cite web |title=Fort Massac Site: Lewis and Clark Expedition: A National Register of Historic Places Travel Itinerary |url=https://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/lewisandclark/mas.htm |publisher=US National Park Service |accessdate=25 December 2018}} Further reading
External links{{Portal|New France}}{{commonscat|Fort Massac (Illinois)}}
14 : Forts in Illinois|Ohio River|1757 establishments in the French colonial empire|Archaeological sites on the National Register of Historic Places in Illinois|French forts in the United States|Museums in Massac County, Illinois|History museums in Illinois|Colonial forts in Illinois|Protected areas established in 1908|State parks of Illinois|Protected areas of Massac County, Illinois|Military and war museums in Illinois|Forts on the National Register of Historic Places in Illinois|National Register of Historic Places in Massac County, Illinois |
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