| 词条 | Fort Reno Park |
| 释义 |
| name = Fort Reno Park | photo = Ft. Kearny Crop.jpg | photo_width = 300 | photo_caption = A closeup of an 1865 map of Washington, D.C.'s defenses, showing the location of Fort Reno and other defenses to the northwest of Tenleytown. | map = United States District of Columbia street | map_caption = Location within Washington, D.C. | type = | location = Washington, D.C. | coords = {{coord|38.952|N|77.0759|W|region:US-DC|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | area = | created = | operator = | visitation_num = | status = | open = | website = }} Fort Reno Park is a park in the Tenleytown neighborhood of Washington, D.C. The park contains the highest natural point in the District of Columbia.[1] Fort Reno was also a location of the only Civil War battle to take place in the District of Columbia, at the Battle of Fort Stevens. ConstructionIn early August 1861, engineers under Major John G. Barnard, in charge of the defenses of Washington, chose the highest point in the District of Columbia for the construction of a fort, with construction starting in earnest in August 1861 with the arrival of McCall's Division of Pennsylvania Reserves. The Utica Morning Herald (NY) of December 16, 1862 gives credit for the building of the fort specifically to the Ninth Regiment Pennsylvania Reserves, however it is known that other regiments of McCall's division were engaged in its construction and that of other forts in the vicinity. At the time the structure was named Fort Pennsylvania[2] and was only renamed Fort Reno in 1863 in honor of Major General Jesse Lee Reno who died at the Battle of South Mountain in 1862.[3] The land on which it was built belonged to Giles and Miles Dyer. The Dyer farmhouse north of the fort was used by the Army as a headquarters building for various commands encamped in the area. The fortification occupied 20 acres of Dyer land and an additional 50 acres of Dyer's land were used for barracks, camps and a parade ground.[3] It was one of a string of forts circling Washington to defend it against the Confederates. It had a perimeter of 517 yards, with places for 27 guns, and places for 22 field guns. It had one 100-pound Parrott gun.[4] Work on the fort was continued by the succession of regiments stationed at the Tennallytown encampment after McCall's division moved to Langley on October 9, 1861. Of these regiments the 119th Pennsylvania Infantry is popularly given credit for having "built the fort"[5] in August and October 1862, however, Fort Pennsylvania had been worked on prior to the 119th Pennsylvania's arrival by the regiments of Peck's Brigade (which were stationed at Tennallytown from October 1861 through to March 1862), the 59th New York and the 9th and 10th Rhode Island Regiments, amongst others. A large signal tower was also constructed at the fort during this period.[6] The location in the heights of North West D.C. was ideal for a signal tower, which likely would have relied on line-of-sight communications. Eventually the fort had a dozen heavy guns and a contingent of 3,000 men, making it the largest fort of those surrounding Washington. Civil WarThe fort saw action on July 10–12, 1864, when Robert E. Lee sent 22,000 Confederates led by General Jubal A. Early against the 9,000 Union troops defending Washington (Ulysses S. Grant had depleted the Union defenses for his siege of Petersburg). The Confederates attacked from the north in Maryland. The initial warnings came from Fort Reno lookouts spying movement by Rockville. The attack itself was directed about 4 miles to the east across Rock Creek at Fort Stevens. The battle is known as "The Battle of Fort Stevens." Following the war the fort became a "Freetown" for freed slaves and later a reservoir. Cold WarDuring the Cold War, Continuity of Government (COG) installations were built at Fort Reno. The large brick circular tower, which appears to be a water tower, is actually a 50's-tech communications array, on top of living facilities for the crew. The tower was a part of a string of similar installations that connected the White House to "Site R" Raven Rock in Waynesboro, Pennsylvania.[7] ParkFort Reno is now maintained by the National Park Service, and includes a baseball field, several tennis courts, and large grass field areas. However the reservoir itself including the sandstone castle are off-limits to the public. Residents gather here on the 4th of July to look down on the several annual fireworks displays over Montgomery County, Maryland and Northern Virginia that are visible from the western slope of the park. Music venueFort Reno's annual free summer concert series started in the Summer of 1968, amid social unrest following the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.[8] The 2014 series was the subject of drama, as the National Park Service suddenly demanded that organizers pay for US Park Police to be present at each concert. Unable to fund this position which was more than the entire budget for the concerts, organizers cancelled the concert series for the 2014 season.[9] The cancellation generated several news articles, Twitter outrage, a petition with 1,600 signers, and the ire of public officials who stepped in to pressure the agencies to swiftly issue the permit and meet with the concert organizer to resolve issues. After this meeting, the 2014 line-up was announced.[10] On May 14, 2008 Fort Reno Park was closed due to the detection of arsenic in the soil, and a fence was erected around the park.[11] However, on May 28 the park was reopened and the fence removed after officials found that the initial high reading of arsenic levels was mistaken.[12] HighpointThe highest natural elevation at Fort Reno, {{convert|409|ft|m|sp=us}},[1] is lower than the top of the Washington Monument, which rises {{convert|555|ft|m|sp=us}} from nearly sea level. The highpoint in Fort Reno is marked by a small metal disk set into the ground. The Highpointers Foundation is working with the National Park Service to place a sign near the USGS marker so that the spot is easier to locate.[13] See also{{portal|Geography|North America|United States|District of Columbia}}
Notes1. ^1 {{cite news|last1=Dvorak|first1=Petula|title=D.C.'s Puny Peak Enough to Pump Up 'Highpointers'|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/04/17/AR2008041703859.html|work=The Washington Post|accessdate=1 January 2015|date=April 18, 2008}} 2. ^Officially named in Army Order No. 18, issued by Gen. McClellan on September 30, 1861. 3. ^A Historic Resources Study -The Civil War Defenses of Washington -Parts I and II. 2005. National Park Service 4. ^1 {{cite book|first1=Benjamin Franklin |last1=Cooling III|first2=Walton H. |last2=Owen II|title=Mr. Lincoln's Forts: A Guide to the Civil War Defenses of Washington|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3qRIuDHJoTEC|date=6 October 2009|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-6307-1|pages=155–163}} 5. ^Helm, J. B., 1981, Tenleytown, D.C. — Country village to city neighborhood, Washington, DC. p. 116 6. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2008677142/|title=Signal tower Fort Reno D.C.|date=20 December 1863|website=www.loc.gov|accessdate=20 December 2018}} 7. ^{{cite web |last1=Rotenstein |first1=David |title=Fort Reno's Cold War-era "undisclosed location" |url=http://chris.improbable.org/2010/12/8/fort-renos-cold-war-era-undisclosed-location/ |website=chris.improbable.org |accessdate=December 20, 2018 |date=December 8, 2010}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtoncitypaper.com/news/article/13041238/an-oral-history-of-fort-reno|last=Little|first=Ryan|date=August 5, 2011|title=[Your Band] Played Here|work=Washington City Paper|accessdate=20 December 2018}} 9. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.bizjournals.com/washington/blog/top-shelf/2014/06/fort-reno-concert-series-canceled-in-dispute-over.html|last=Cooper|first=Rebeccca|title=Fort Reno Concert Series Canceled in Dispute Over Permit|newspaper=Washington Business Journal|date=June 26, 2014|accessdate=June 26, 2014}} 10. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/going-out-guide/wp/2014/06/30/rock-on-fort-reno-will-take-place-in-2014-after-all/|last=Ramanathan|first=Lavanya|title=Rock on: Fort Reno will take place in 2014 after all|newspaper=Washington Post|date=June 30, 2014|accessdate=July 1, 2014}} 11. ^{{cite news |last1=Duggan |first1=Paul |title=High Arsenic Levels Found At Fort Reno Park in NW |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/05/14/AR2008051403411.html?noredirect=on |accessdate=December 20, 2018 |date=May 15, 2008}} 12. ^National Park Service Will Reopen Fort Reno Park - Releases - District Department of the Environment {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721035533/http://newsroom.dc.gov/show.aspx/agency/occ/section/2/release/13863 |date=July 21, 2011 }} 13. ^{{cite web|url=http://summitchicks.com/washingtondc/|title=Washington, DC: Fort Reno|date=21 November 2015|publisher=|accessdate=20 December 2018}} References
External links
10 : American Civil War forts|Civil War defenses of Washington, D.C.|Forts in the District of Columbia|History of the District of Columbia|Parks in Washington, D.C.|National Park Service areas in Washington, D.C.|Forts on the National Register of Historic Places in Washington, D.C.|1861 establishments in Washington, D.C.|American Civil War on the National Register of Historic Places|Rock Creek Park |
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