| 词条 | Fort Rock Cave |
| 释义 |
| name = Fort Rock Cave | nrhp_type = nhl | image = University of Oregon archaeological excavations at Fort Rock Cave, Oregon (USA), 1966.jpg | caption = University of Oregon archaeological excavations at Fort Rock Cave, 1966 | location = {{Address Restricted|spell_archaeology=1}} | nearest_city = Fort Rock, Oregon | area = | designated_nrhp_type= January 20, 1961 | added = October 15, 1966 | refnum=66000641 }}Fort Rock Cave was the site of the earliest evidence of human habitation in the US state of Oregon before the excavation of Paisley Caves. Fort Rock Cave featured numerous well-preserved sagebrush sandals, ranging from 9,000 to 13,000 years old.[1] The cave is located approximately {{convert|1.5|mi}} west of Fort Rock near Fort Rock State Natural Area in Lake County.[2] Fort Rock Cave was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1961,[3] and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1966.[4] The cave was found on Reub Long's ranch. It was formerly known as Menkenmaier Cave and Cow Cave.[5][6] ArchaeologyUniversity of Oregon archaeologist Luther Cressman's 1938 excavations at Fort Rock Cave placed human habitation in Oregon as early as 13,200 years ago.[1][7][8] Cressman's team also recovered numerous examples of sandals woven from sagebrush bark below a layer of Mazama Ash (deposited by the explosion forming Crater Lake about 7600 years ago). Radiocarbon dating of these sandals, now displayed at the University of Oregon Museum of Natural and Cultural History in Eugene and in the town of Fort Rock, has shown some to be over 10,000 years old. This sandal style is known as Fort Rock style, since they were first discovered there. This sandal style is distinct from other variants; they are flat, closed toed and have a twined sole.[9] They have been found at other sites, such as Cougar Mountain and Catlow Caves, as well.[8][10] Several other prehistoric artifacts have been found at Fort Rock Cave, including basketry and stone tools.[11] The artifacts found by Stephen Bedwell in 1970 were found in one of the remaining unvandalized areas of the cave.[11]See also
References1. ^1 {{cite book | first = William G. | last = Robbins | title = Oregon: This Storied Land | publisher = Oregon Historical Society Press | year = 2005 | isbn = 0-87595-286-0}} 2. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.ascoinfo.org/index_files/Page359.htm |title= Fort Rock Cave, Oregon |publisher= Archeological Society of Central Oregon |accessdate=2008-04-29}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=472&ResourceType=Site|title=Fort Rock Cave |accessdate=2007-11-19|work=National Historic Landmark summary listing|publisher=National Park Service}} 4. ^{{Citation | last = Oregon Parks and Recreation Department | author-link = Oregon Parks and Recreation Department | title = Oregon Historic Sites Database | url = http://heritagedata.prd.state.or.us/historic/ | accessdate = June 20, 2014}}. 5. ^{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=cGZYAAAAIBAJ&sjid=8vcDAAAAIBAJ&pg=3674,2206559&dq=reub-long+fort-rock-cave&hl=en|title=Geographic board okays naming cave after Long|last=Brogan|first=Phil|date=June 16, 1975|work=The Bulletin|page=2|accessdate=December 8, 2011|quote=Board directors said the proposal is not a name change – the cavern, oldest known habitation of man in the region, has been known over the years by various names, Menkenmaier Cave, Fort Rock Cave and Cow Cave. It has been known in recent years as Fort Rock Cave, and this has resulted in much confusion with the Fort Rock formation, about a mile and a half to the east. ... Several years ago, Mr. and Mrs. Long formally presented the cave, on Reub Long's land, to the U.S. Park Service. The cave got its Cow Cavern name because Long's cattle sought shelter there from winter storms. ... The Fort Rock basin cave won national attention in 1938 when Dr. L. S. Cressman, University of Oregon anthropologist, found in the old cave a cache of sandals made from sagebrush.}} 6. ^{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=5P9XAAAAIBAJ&sjid=DPcDAAAAIBAJ&pg=3578,1131543&dq=reub-long+fort-rock-cave&hl=en|title=Fort Rock: It's too small for a beer license|work=The Bulletin|page=7|accessdate=December 8, 2011|date=September 1, 1970|quote=About two miles northwest of the rock is Fort Rock Cave, where the discovery in 1938 of prehistoric sandals established the Fort Rock basin as the oldest known habitat of man in the Oregon country. Anthropologists set the radio-carbon age of the sandals at around 9,000 years. The cave is located on what was once Reub Long's "home" ranch.}} 7. ^{{cite web | title =Fort Rock State Natural Area | publisher =Oregon State Parks | url =http://www.oregonstateparks.org/park_40.php | accessdate = 2007-04-09}} 8. ^1 {{cite web | title =World's Oldest Shoes | publisher =University of Oregon | url =http://www.uoregon.edu/~connolly/FRsandals.htm | accessdate =2007-04-09}} 9. ^{{cite web|title=Fort Rock Sandals|url=http://pages.uoregon.edu/connolly/FRsandals.htm|accessdate=October 17, 2011}} 10. ^{{cite web | last =Tucker | first =Kathy | title =Fort Rock Sandals | publisher =Oregon Historical Society | year =2002 | url =http://www.ohs.org/education/oregonhistory/historical_records/dspDocument.cfm?doc_ID=000E82E3-D82A-1DBE-BB3880B05272FE9F | accessdate =2007-04-09}} 11. ^1 {{cite web | title =Cultural Sequence in the Northern Great Basin: The View From Fort Rock | publisher =University of Oregon Department of Anthropology | url =http://darkwing.uoregon.edu/~anthro/academics/FieldSchool/section3.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040715224414/http://darkwing.uoregon.edu/~anthro/academics/FieldSchool/section3.html |archivedate=July 15, 2004| accessdate = 2011-08-16}} External links{{commons category|Fort Rock Cave}}
8 : Caves of Oregon|National Historic Landmarks in Oregon|State parks of Oregon|Landforms of Lake County, Oregon|Protected areas of Lake County, Oregon|Archaeological sites on the National Register of Historic Places in Oregon|National Register of Historic Places in Lake County, Oregon|Pre-Clovis archaeological sites in the Americas |
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