| 词条 | Fort Vermilion |
| 释义 |
|official_name = Fort Vermilion |other_name = |native_name = |nickname = |settlement_type = Hamlet |motto = |image_skyline = FortVermilion-Aerial.JPG |imagesize = |image_caption = Aerial view from north |image_flag = |flag_size = |image_seal = Fort Vermilion Bicentennial.jpg |seal_size = |image_shield = |shield_size = |image_blank_emblem = |blank_emblem_type = |blank_emblem_size = |city_logo = |citylogo_size = |image_map = |mapsize = |map_caption = |image_map1 = |mapsize1 = |map_caption1 = |pushpin_relief = yes |pushpin_map = Canada Alberta |pushpin_label_position = |pushpin_map_caption = |pushpin_mapsize = |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = {{flag|Canada}} |subdivision_type1 = Province |subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Alberta}} |subdivision_type2 = Region |subdivision_name2 = Northern Alberta |subdivision_type3 = Census division |subdivision_name3 = 17 |subdivision_type4 = Specialized municipality |subdivision_name4 = Mackenzie County |government_footnotes = [1] |government_type = Unincorporated |leader_title = Reeve |leader_name = {{Mackenzie County Council|reeve}} |leader_title1 = Governing body |leader_name1 = {{Mackenzie County Council}} |leader_title2 = MP |leader_name2 = Arnold Viersen (Cons - Peace River—Westlock) |leader_title3 = MLA |leader_name3 = Debbie Jabbour (NDP - Peace River) |leader_title4 = |leader_name4 = |established_title = Established |established_date = 1788 (oldest in Alberta) |established_title2 = |established_date2 = |established_title3 = |established_date3 = |area_magnitude = |unit_pref = |area_footnotes = [2] |area_total_km2 = 6.81 |population_as_of = 2011 |population_footnotes = [2] |population_note = |population_total = 727 |population_density_km2 = auto |population_blank1_title = Dwellings |population_blank1 = 278 |timezone = MST |utc_offset = −7 |timezone_DST = MDT |utc_offset_DST = −6 |coordinates = {{coord|58|23|24|N|116|01|00|W|region:CA-AB|display=inline,title}} |elevation_footnotes = [2] |elevation_m = 270 |elevation_ft = |postal_code_type = Postal code |postal_code = T0H 1N0 |area_code = +1-780 |blank_name = Highways |blank_info = Highway 88 (Bicentennial Highway) |blank1_name = Waterways |blank1_info = Peace River |website = |footnotes = }} Fort Vermilion is a hamlet on the Peace River in northern Alberta, Canada, within Mackenzie County.[3]Established in 1788, Fort Vermilion shares the title of oldest European settlement in Alberta with Fort Chipewyan.[6][4] Fort Vermilion contains many modern amenities to serve its inhabitants as well as the surrounding rural community. The municipal office of Mackenzie County, Alberta's largest municipality by land area, is located in Fort Vermilion. The hamlet is located in census division No. 17. HistoryThe area was inhabited by Dunneza (Beaver), Dene and later Cree first nations long before the arrival of European traders and settlers. Named for the vermilion coloured clays lining the river banks, Fort Vermilion began as a trading community for the North West Company, upstream of the impassible Vermilion Chutes.[5] The fort was established in 1788, following the expeditions of Alexander MacKenzie. Winter residents would trade furs with the native trappers, then send the furs by river during the summer to exchange points to the east and then to Montreal. The fort was later transferred to the Hudson's Bay Company after the 1821 merger. By 1830, it was a prosperous fur trading post.[6] The first Anglican church was built in 1877.[7] The main access to the settlements was by means of the river, using river boats and then ferries to haul materials in the summer months, when the water was not frozen. In 1903 the first steam-powered vessel to serve Fort Vermilion was the St. Charles built to navigate the {{convert|526|mi|km}} the upper reaches of the Peace River, from Hudson's Hope to Fort Vermilion.[5] In 1974 a bridge was built over the Peace River immediately west of Fort Vermilion, effectively ending the winter isolation of the community. The original Old Bay House, home of the chief factor, still exists and is now part of the Fort Vermilion National Historic Site. It was listed as such in 1968, for its importance as site of North West Company and Hudson's Bay Company posts.[8] The visitor centre is hosted in a 1923 dovetailed log house. Built on the banks of the Peace River, it was moved to its present location in 1983. Another heritage building is the 1907 Clark House, built for the Hudson's Bay clerk quarters, and moved in 1994 to the present location near the visitor centre. The Trappers Shack, built in 1912, is another dovetailed log house. It was listed as a provincial historic site.[9] GeographyFort Vermilion is located approximately {{convert|77|km|mi}} southeast of High Level and {{convert|661|km|mi}} northwest of Edmonton on the Highway 88 (Bicentennial Highway). The hamlet of La Crete is located approximately {{convert|40|km|mi|abbr=on}} southwest of Fort Vermilion on Highway 697. The hamlet is one of the northernmost communities in the Peace River Country. Peace Country, in the aspen parkland biome, is Canada's northernmost land suitable for agriculture. The landscape is dominated by aspen, poplars and spruce, occasionally interspersed with areas of grasslands. Wildlife is abundant in the area, and includes bears, moose, deer, beavers, foxes, coyotes and Canada geese.[6] The hamlet is situated on the southern banks of the Peace River, with an elevation ranging from {{convert|255|m|ft|abbr=on}} to {{convert|282|m|ft|abbr=on}}. The North Vermilion Settlement lies on the opposite (northern) shore of the river, while Fort Vermilion Airport is located {{convert|6|km|mi|abbr=on}} downstream. ClimateDespite being so high in latitude, Fort Vermilion experiences a humid continental climate, with long, cold winters and brief but fairly warm summers. Temperatures during the winter can drop to {{convert|-40|C|abbr=on|1}} to {{convert|-50|C|abbr=on|1}}. Summer days benefit from long hours of daylight due to its northern location.[6] Mosquitoes are a hazard during the summer months.{{citation needed|date=April 2017}} Fort Vermilion holds the record for the coldest temperature in Canada recorded outside Yukon, when on 11 January 1911, the temperature dropped down to {{convert|-61.1|C|0}}.[10][18] The highest temperature ever recorded was {{convert|38.3|C|0}} on 17 August 1912.[18] {{Weather box| metric first = yes | single line = yes | location = Fort Vermilion CDA, 1961–1990 normals, extremes 1905–present | Jan record high C = 11.7 | Feb record high C = 11.7 | Mar record high C = 17.2 | Apr record high C = 28.3 | May record high C = 33.9 | Jun record high C = 36.7 | Jul record high C = 37.8 | Aug record high C = 38.3 | Sep record high C = 31.1 | Oct record high C = 26.7 | Nov record high C = 16.5 | Dec record high C = 18.3 | year record high C = 38.3 | Jan high C = −18.2 | Feb high C = −12.0 | Mar high C = -3.7 | Apr high C = 7.8 | May high C = 16.7 | Jun high C = 21.6 | Jul high C = 23.1 | Aug high C = 21.3 | Sep high C = 14.6 | Oct high C = 6.7 | Nov high C = −6.8 | Dec high C = −15.7 | year high C = 4.6 | Jan mean C = −22.7 | Feb mean C = −17.3 | Mar mean C = −10.0 | Apr mean C = 1.8 | May mean C = 10.2 | Jun mean C = 15.0 | Jul mean C = 16.9 | Aug mean C = 15.0 | Sep mean C = 8.9 | Oct mean C = 2.2 | Nov mean C = −10.5 | Dec mean C = −19.8 | year mean C = -0.9 | Jan low C = −27.3 | Feb low C = −22.8 | Mar low C = −16.2 | Apr low C = −4.2 | May low C = 3.7 | Jun low C = 8.4 | Jul low C = 10.6 | Aug low C = 8.7 | Sep low C = 3.2 | Oct low C = −2.4 | Nov low C = −14.4 | Dec low C = −24.2 | year low C = −6.4 | Jan record low C = −61.1 | Feb record low C = −57.2 | Mar record low C = −47.2 | Apr record low C = −38.9 | May record low C = −14.4 | Jun record low C = −8.9 | Jul record low C = -6.7 | Aug record low C = −5.6 | Sep record low C = −15.0 | Oct record low C = −32.0 | Nov record low C = −43.9 | Dec record low C = −57.8 | year record low C = −61.1 | precipitation colour = green | Jan precipitation mm = 20.2 | Feb precipitation mm = 17.5 | Mar precipitation mm = 19.8 | Apr precipitation mm = 18.8 | May precipitation mm = 35.3 | Jun precipitation mm = 47.1 | Jul precipitation mm = 64.4 | Aug precipitation mm = 54.7 | Sep precipitation mm = 35.4 | Oct precipitation mm = 28.1 | Nov precipitation mm = 20.8 | Dec precipitation mm = 19.7 | year precipitation mm = 381.7 | rain colour = green | Jan rain mm = 0.9 | Feb rain mm = 0.7 | Mar rain mm = 0.8 | Apr rain mm = 7.6 | May rain mm = 32.9 | Jun rain mm = 47.1 | Jul rain mm = 64.4 | Aug rain mm = 54.7 | Sep rain mm = 34.5 | Oct rain mm = 16.1 | Nov rain mm = 1.3 | Dec rain mm = 0.9 | year rain mm = 261.9 | Jan snow cm = 21.0 | Feb snow cm = 17.5 | Mar snow cm = 20.7 | Apr snow cm = 11.7 | May snow cm = 2.2 | Jun snow cm = 0.0 | Jul snow cm = 0.0 | Aug snow cm = 0.0 | Sep snow cm = 0.8 | Oct snow cm = 10.8 | Nov snow cm = 20.9 | Dec snow cm = 20.2 | year snow cm = 125.8 | source 1 = Environment Canada[11][12] | date = August 2010 }} DemographicsAs a designated place in the 2016 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Fort Vermilion recorded a population of 639 living in 224 of its 294 total private dwellings, a change of {{percentage|{{#expr:639-727}}|727|1}} from its 2011 population of 727. With a land area of {{convert|5.8|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}, it had a population density of {{Pop density|639|5.8|km2|sqmi|prec=1}} in 2016.[13] As a designated place in the 2011 Census, Fort Vermilion had a population of 727 living in 239 of its 278 total dwellings, a 1.8% increase from its 2006 population of 714. With a land area of {{convert|6.81|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}, it had a population density of {{Pop density|727|6.81|km2|sqmi}} in 2011.[14] EducationTwo schools are located in Fort Vermilion, both administered by the Fort Vermilion School Division No. 52.[15] Fort Vermilion Public is part of the public school system and offers education from grade 6 to grade 12. Approximately 150 students attend this school. St. Mary's Elementary functions in the Catholic school system and is a kindergarten to grade 6 school. It has approximately 145 students. The Northern Lakes College, established in 1999, has one of its 26 campuses in Fort Vermilion. It was previously known as Alberta Vocational Centre Grouard, and offered education to First Nations students.[16] {{clear|left}}InfrastructureThe Community Complex includes a hockey rink, a dance hall and a curling rink. The Fort Vermilion Heritage Centre manages 25 sites (listed as both provincial and national historic sites), including the old log houses, the Dominion Experimental Farm, First Nations and natural history exhibits.[17] Also located at the community complex is a RV waste dumping site and potable water refill location. The community complex also boasts workout facilities, a splash park, ball diamonds and playground -making it a great stop to relax and cool off on hot summer days. St. Theresa General Hospital is a facility built in 1983, offering 26 acute-care beds and 8 long-term-care beds, as well as an emergency department. It employs approximately 76 health workers, and is administered by Alberta Health Services.[18] The Provincial Court of Alberta maintains a circuit court in Fort Vermilion,[19] with the base point located in High Level. The court used to reside in the old hospital building but now has its own facility beside St. Marys school. The old hospital building has been re-purposed as an office space for MARA (Mackenzie Applied Research Association) at the experimental farm. The Fantasy North Golf & Country Club is a 9-hole golf course with a 150-year history. Additional facilities include a mini golf park, driving range and clubhouse. The hamlet also has by a public library[20] and four churches. St. Theresa Catholic Church, Church of God in Christ, Faith Gospel Fellowship church and St. Lukes Anglican Church. The St. Luke's Anglican Church Cemetery dates back to 1877. Located east of the settlement is the Fort Vermilion Airport {{Airport codes||||CEZ4}}, administered by Mackenzie County. It has an airport that serves the area with Provincial Air Ambulance services, as well as aerial firefighting. CanWest Air operates a base here with charter and medevac aircraft. The Rodeo Grounds are located {{convert|5|km|mi}} southwest of the community, and hosts a rodeo every year in July (check for dates). The event features cattle roping and bucking broncos along with other competition. Other events and festivals held in Fort Vermilion include Canada Day celebrations, Town and Country Fair, River Daze and Arts and Crafts Show. DA Thomas park is a day use area in Fort Vermilion that provides picnic tables with campfire spots and a boat launch. There are a number of beautiful white sandy beaches along the peace river that are accessible by boat (upstream and downstream). In North Vermilion (Buttertown) there is a popular beach accessible by road. Ask a local for directions. GovernmentFort Vermilion is in the federal riding of Peace River—Westlock, represented by MP Arnold Viersen. Prior to the 2012 redistribution of federal electoral riding boundaries, the area was part of the Peace River electoral district. Notable residentsFort Vermilion was home to cowboy Kenton Randle, known as "Rugged". Born 1960 and deceased 23 November 2003. Kenton was the bareback bronc rider who represented Canada at the 2002 Olympics in Salt Lake City. In November 2015 he was inducted into the Canadian Rodeo Hall of Fame as a Legend of Rodeo. Fort Vermilion was the childhood home of writers - and brothers - Will Ferguson and Ian Ferguson. Will vividly describes his childhood there in his travel memoirs Beauty Tips from Moose Jaw. Among other things he mentions that the town was included in the 1976 version of Ghost Towns of Alberta, much to the chagrin of its residents at that time. Dave Hancock, named 15th premier of Alberta on 23 March 2014 following the resignation of Alison Redford, grew up in Fort Vermilion.[21]See also
References1. ^{{Mackenzie County Council|ref}} {{Geographic location2. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.safetycodes.ab.ca/Public/Documents/PSSSOP_Handbook_Version_12_Online_Feb_21_2012b.pdf | title=Alberta Private Sewage Systems 2009 Standard of Practice Handbook: Appendix A.3 Alberta Design Data (A.3.A. Alberta Climate Design Data by Town) | publisher=Safety Codes Council | type=PDF | pages=212–215 (PDF pages 226–229) | date=January 2012 | accessdate=October 8, 2013}} 3. ^{{Cite web|url=http://municipalaffairs.gov.ab.ca/documents/msb/2010-ruralmun.pdf |title=Specialized and Rural Municipalities and Their Communities |author=Alberta Municipal Affairs |authorlink=Alberta Municipal Affairs |date=2010-04-01 |accessdate=2010-06-29 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120229060335/http://municipalaffairs.gov.ab.ca/documents/msb/2010-ruralmun.pdf |archivedate=2012-02-29 |df= }} 4. ^Athabasca Tribal Council - Athabasca Chipewyan First Nation {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080501032112/http://www.atc97.org/acfn.html |date=1 May 2008 }} 5. ^1 2 {{cite news | url = http://www.bchistory.ca/awards/article/Affleck.pdf| title = Steamboating on the Peace River| publisher = British Columbia History| author = Edward L. Affleck| date = | page = | location = | isbn = | archivedate = 2012-12-06| archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bchistory.ca%2Fawards%2Farticle%2FAffleck.pdf&date=2012-12-06| deadurl = No | quote = The brothers built a fleet of small primitive steamers, extending by 1903 to the waters of the Peace above the Vermilion Chutes. In that year the pint—sized sternwheeler St. Charles began to work the 526 mile stretch from Fort Vermilion to Hudson’s Hope, carrying lumber and supplies for the Mission at Fort St. John in British Columbia, as well as goods for the North-West Mounted Police.}} 6. ^1 2 {{Cite web|url=http://www.fvsd.ab.ca/stm/All%20about%20our%20School.htm|title=About Fort Vermilion|author=St. Mary's School|accessdate=2008-02-16|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071228050808/http://www.fvsd.ab.ca/stm/All%20about%20our%20School.htm|archivedate=28 December 2007|df=dmy-all}} 7. ^{{cite book|last=Clark|first=Edith J. Lawrence|title=Fort Vermilion before Alberta : an early history of the Ft. Vermilion district|year=1982|publisher=Pioneers of Ft. Vermilion|location=Erskine, Alberta|page=14|url=http://www.ourfutureourpast.ca/loc_hist/page.aspx?id=3598390|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160113135955/http://www.ourfutureourpast.ca/loc_hist/page.aspx?id=3598390|dead-url=yes|archive-date=2016-01-13}} 8. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.pc.gc.ca/apps/lhn-nhs/det_E.asp?oqSID=0025&oqeName=Fort+Vermilion&oqfName=Fort+Vermilion|title=Fort Vermilion National Historic Site of Canada|author=Parks Canada|authorlink=Parks Canada|accessdate=2008-02-16}}{{dead link|date=September 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 9. ^1 {{Cite web| url= http://www.discoverthepeacecountry.com/htmlpages/fortvermilion.html |author= Discover the Peace Country |authorlink= Peace Country| title= Hamlet of Fort Vermilion| accessdate=2007-02-13}} 10. ^{{Citation| last1 = Columbo| first1 = John Robert| title = The 1996 Canadian Global Almanac| publisher = Macmillan Canada| place = Toronto, Ontario| year = 1995| page = 22}} 11. ^1 2 {{cite web| publisher = Environment Canada| url = http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_normals/results_1961_1990_e.html?stnID=394&lang=e&StationName=verm&SearchType=Contains&stnNameSubmit=go&dCode=0&prov=AB| title = Fort Vermilion CDA| work = Canadian Climate Normals 1961–1990| accessdate = 25 April 2016}} 12. ^{{cite web| url = http://climate.weather.gc.ca/historical_data/search_historic_data_stations_e.html?searchType=stnName&timeframe=1&txtStationName=fort+vermilion&searchMethod=contains&StartYear=1840&EndYear=2016&optLimit=specDate&Year=1905&Month=3&Day=1&selRowPerPage=25| title = Fort Vermilion | publisher = Environment Canada| date = 22 September 2015| accessdate = 25 April 2016}} 13. ^{{cite web | url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/hlt-fst/pd-pl/Table.cfm?Lang=Eng&T=1301&SR=1&S=45&O=A&RPP=9999&PR=48&CMA=0#tPopDwell | title=Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, and designated places, 2016 and 2011 censuses – 100% data (Alberta) | publisher=Statistics Canada | date=February 8, 2017 | accessdate=February 13, 2017}} 14. ^1 2 {{cite web | url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/hlt-fst/pd-pl/Table-Tableau.cfm?LANG=Eng&T=1302&PR=48&S=51&O=A&RPP=25 | title=Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, and designated places, 2011 and 2006 censuses (Alberta) | publisher=Statistics Canada | date=2012-02-08 | accessdate=2012-04-07}} 15. ^{{Cite web| url= http://www.fvsd.ab.ca/ | title= Fort Vermilion School District|accessdate=2007-02-13 }} 16. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.northernlakescollege.ca/about/about_college_history.cfm |title=Northern Lakes College |accessdate=2008-02-15 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070921102332/http://www.northernlakescollege.ca/about/about_college_history.cfm |archivedate=2007-09-21 |deadurl=yes |df= }} 17. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.albertasource.ca/spiritofthepeace/collections/collections_fort_vermilion.htm|title=Fort Vermilion Heritage Centre|author= Alberta Online Encyclopedia|accessdate=2008-08-16}} 18. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.nlhr.ca/Hospitals_Facilities/Clinics_Facilities_community.aspx?id=130|title=St. Theresa General Hospital|author=Northern Lights Health Region|authorlink=Northern Lights Health Region|accessdate=2008-02-16}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}} 19. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.albertacourts.ab.ca/ProvincialCourt/LocationsSittings/Detail/tabid/257/loc/Fort%20Vermilion/Default.aspx|title=Provincial Court Fort Vermilion|author=Provincial Court of Alberta|authorlink=Provincial Court of Alberta|accessdate=2008-02-16}} 20. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.fortvermilioncommunitylibrary.com/|title=Fort Vermilion Community Library|accessdate=2008-02-16}} 21. ^{{Cite web |url=https://edmontonjournal.com/Thomson+consolation+prize+veteran+cabinet+minister+leader+2006/9643298/story.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=21 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140501134420/http://www.edmontonjournal.com/Thomson+consolation+prize+veteran+cabinet+minister+leader+2006/9643298/story.html |archive-date=1 May 2014 |dead-url=yes |df=dmy-all }} | Centre = Fort Vermilion | North = Hay River | Northeast = Wood Buffalo National Park | East = Wood Buffalo National Park | Southeast = Wabasca | South = Slave Lake | Southwest = La Crete Manning | West = High Level | Northwest = }}{{Alberta|hamlets=yes}} 7 : Hamlets in Alberta|Hudson's Bay Company forts|Designated places in Alberta|National Historic Sites in Alberta|Mackenzie County|Fur trade National Historic Sites of Canada|Forts or trading posts on the National Historic Sites of Canada register |
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