词条 | Foton (satellite) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
释义 |
Foton-MFoton-M is a new generation of Russian robotic spacecraft for research conducted in the microgravity environment of Earth orbit. The Foton-M design is based on the design of the Foton, with several improvements including a new telemetry and telecommand unit for increased data flow rate, increased battery capacity, and a better thermal control system. It is produced by TsSKB-Progress in Samara. The first launch, of Foton-M1, failed because of a malfunction of the Soyuz-U launcher. The second launch, of Foton-M2, was, however, a success.[2] Foton-M3 was launched on 14 September 2007 carried by a Soyuz-U rocket lifting off from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan[3] with Nadezhda, a cockroach that was the first earth creature to produce offspring that had been conceived in space. It returned successfully to Earth on September 26, 2007, landing in Kazakhstan at 7:58 GMT.[4] ReentryThe Foton capsule has limited thruster capability. As such, the reentry path and orientation can not be controlled after the capsule has separated from the engine system. This means that the capsule has to be protected from reentry heat on all sides, thus explaining the spherical design (as opposed to Project Mercury's conical design), which allows for maximum volume while minimizing the external surface. However, the lack of lift means the capsule experiences high forces on reentry, up to 8 to 9g. Foton launches
See also
References1. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.spaceflight.esa.int/users/index.cfm?act=default.page&level=11&page=facfoton | title = Foton | publisher = ESA | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20060323090947/http://www.spaceflight.esa.int/users/index.cfm?act=default.page&level=11&page=facfoton | archivedate = 2006-03-23 | df = }} 2. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.esa.int/esaCP/SEMZDJ0DU8E_index_0.html | title = European experiments successfully launched aboard Foton spacecraft | publisher = ESA}} 3. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.esa.int/esaCP/SEMQDB13J6F_index_0.html | title = Lift-off for Foton microgravity mission | publisher = ESA}} 4. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.esa.int/esaCP/SEMFVO6H07F_index_0.html |title=Foton-M3 experiments return to Earth |accessdate= 2007-09-26 |work= }} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.evergreenmuseum.org/the-museum/aircraft-exhibits/space-flight/|title=Aircraft and Exhibits|year=2012|publisher=Evergreen Aviation and Space Museum|accessdate=16 December 2012}} 6. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.estec.esa.nl/spaceflight/foton/fmission.htm |title=Foton-12 mission |publisher=ESA |date=19 January 2001 |accessdate=16 December 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050117225547/http://www.estec.esa.nl/spaceflight/foton/fmission.htm |archivedate=January 17, 2005 }} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Human_Spaceflight/Research/Focus_on_Foton|title=Focus on Foton|date=19 December 2001|publisher=ESA|accessdate=16 December 2012}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://spaceflightnow.com/news/n1409/01fotonm4|title=Russian spacecraft back on Earth after six-week mission|date=1 September 2014|accessdate=2 September 2014}} 9. ^{{Cite web|url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/foton.htm|title=Foton (34KS)|website=space.skyrocket.de|access-date=2016-12-18}} 10. ^{{Cite web|url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/foton-m.htm|title=Foton-M 1, 2, 3 (34KS)|website=space.skyrocket.de|access-date=2016-12-18}} 11. ^{{Cite web|url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/foton-m4.htm|title=Foton-M 4, 5 (34KSM)|website=space.skyrocket.de|access-date=2016-12-18}} External links{{Commons category|Foton (satellite)}}
4 : Astrobiology|Soyuz program|Earth observation satellites of the Soviet Union|Satellites of Russia |
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