| 词条 | Founding fathers of the European Union | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
The founding fathers of the European Union are 11 men officially recognised as major contributors to European unity and the development of what is now the European Union. Sometimes emphasised are three pioneers of unification: Robert Schuman of France, Alcide De Gasperi of Italy and Konrad Adenauer of Germany.[1] ListThe European Union names 11 people as its founding fathers.[2] These are:
Other sources discuss fewer names.[3] Proposals and RomeCount Richard von Coudenhove-Kalergi (1894–1972) published the Paneuropa manifesto in 1923 which set up the movement of that name. At the start of the 1950s Robert Schuman (1886–1963), based on a plan by Jean Monnet (1888–1979), called for a European Coal and Steel Community in his "Schuman declaration". Monnet went on to become the first President of the High Authority. Schuman later served as President of the European Parliament and became notable for advancing European integration.[4] Following its creation, the Treaty of Rome established the European Economic Community. Although not all the people who signed the treaty are known as founding fathers, a number are, such as Paul-Henri Spaak (1899–1972), who also worked on the treaty as well as the Benelux union and was the first President of the European Parliament.[4] Other founding fathers who signed the treaty were Konrad Adenauer (1876–1967) of Germany[6] and Joseph Bech (1887–1975) of Luxembourg.[5] OthersFurther men who have been considered founding fathers are: Giuseppe Mazzini (1805-1872) who founded the association "Young Europe" in 1834 with the vision of a united continent[6]; Victor Hugo (1802–1885) who made a speech where he called for United States of Europe in 1849 at the International Peace Congress of Paris; Milan Hodža (1878–1944) who was famous for his attempts to establish a democratic federation of Central European štáte (book: Federation in central Europe, reflections and reminiscences); Jacques Delors (born 1925), who was a successful Commission President in the 1980s and 90s; Lorenzo Natali (1922–1989); Mário Soares (born 1924), Portuguese Prime Minister at the time Portugal acceded the EC; and Pierre Werner (1913–2002) a Prime Minister of Luxembourg.[7] See also{{portal|European Union}}
References1. ^{{cite web|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=WhrhCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT109&dq=De+gasperi,+monnet,+Adenauer+friends&hl=it&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiOiYnB9cLUAhXMXRQKHX8gCuIQ6AEIPzAG#v=onepaduckq=De+gasperi,+monnet,+Adenauer+friends&f=false|title=In Search of Ethical Leadership|first=R. M.|last=Lala|date=1 April 2011|publisher=Vision Books|accessdate=17 June 2017|via=Google Books}} {{European Union topics}}{{Portal bar|History|Politics|European Union}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Founding Fathers Of The European Union}}2. ^{{cite web| url = https://europa.eu/european-union/about-eu/history/founding-fathers_en | title = The Founding Fathers of the EU| publisher = European Union| accessdate = 2016-11-04}} 3. ^{{cite book | editor-first1 = Paul F.| editor-last1 = Smets| editor-first2 = Mathieu| editor-last2 = Ryckewaer|others= with the support and cooperation of the Paul-Henri Spaak Foundation | title = Les pères de l'Europe: 50 ans après : perspectives sur l'engagement européen : actes du Colloque international des 19 et 20 mai 2000, Bruxelles, Palais d'Egmont Bibliothèque de la Fondation Paul-Henri Spaak|trans-title=The Founding Fathers of Europe: 50 Years on: Perspectives on European Integration: Proceedings of the International Symposium on 19 and 20 May 2000, Brussels, Egmont Palace Library, Paul-Henri Spaak Foundation|language=French| publisher = Emile Bruylant| year=2001|isbn = 9782802714439}} {{cite book |first= G. |last = Bossuat | title = Les Fondateurs de l'Europe Unie |trans-title=The Founders of European Unity |language=French| publisher = Belin| year=2001|isbn = 978-270112962-4}} 4. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,2144,2397555,00.html|title=Founding Fathers: Europeans Behind the Union - Europe - DW - 23.03.2007|first=Deutsche Welle|last=(www.dw.com)|website=DW.COM|accessdate=17 June 2017}} 5. ^{{cite journal |author1=Dumont, Patrick |author2=Hirsh, Mario | title=Luxembourg | journal=European Journal of Political Research | year=2003 | volume=42 | issue=7–8 | pages=1021 | url= | doi=10.1111/j.0304-4130.2003.00129.x }} 6. ^{{cite book|author=Mack Smith, Denis|title=Mazzini|publisher=Yale University Press|year=1994|pages=11–12}} 7. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://ec.europa.eu/avservices/photo/photo_archives_result_en.cfm?id=&mark=PRO,PERE|title=European Audio Visual Service - Founding Fathers|publisher=|accessdate=17 June 2017}} 3 : European integration pioneers|Founders by field|History of the European Union |
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