| 词条 | Fourteen Points of Jinnah |
| 释义 |
The Fourteen Points of Jinnah were proposed by Muhammad Ali Jinnah as a constitutional reform plan to safeguard the political rights of Muslims in a self-governing India.In 1929,an All Parties Conference was convened to solve the constitutional problems of India.A committee was set up under Moti Lal Nehru.That committee prepared a report which is known as "Nehru Report".This report demanded "Dominion Status" for India.Separate electorates were refused and the reservation of seats for the Muslims of Bengal and Punjab was rejected.In this report,not a single demand of the Muslims was upheld. Since Nehru Report was the last word from Hindus therefore Mr.Jinnah was authorized to draft in concise term the basis of any future constitution that was to be devised for India Jinnah's aim was to get rights for Muslims. He therefore gave his 14 points. These points covered all of the interests of the Muslims at a heated time and in this Jinnah stated that it was the "parting of ways" and that he did not want and would not have anything to do with the Indian National Congress in the future. The League leaders motivated Jinnah to revive the Muslim League and give it direction. As a result, these points became the demands of the Muslims and greatly influenced the Muslims' thinking for the next two decades till the establishment of Pakistan in 1947. BackgroundThe report was given in a meeting of the council of the All India Muslim League on 9 March 1929. The Nehru Report was criticised by Muslim leaders Aga Khan and Muhammad Shafi . They considered it as a death warrant because it recommended joint electoral rolls for Hindus and Muslims.[1] The Fourteen Points
ReactionsAmong the Hindus, Jinnah's points were highly disregarded and were rejected by the Congress Party. Jawaharlal Nehru referred to them as "Jinnah's ridiculous 14 points". This eventually led Jinnah to form Pakistan.[3] AftermathAfter the fourteen points were publicised, Jinnah was invited to attend the round table conferences, where he forwarded the Muslim point of view.[2][4] References1. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-Z8OzIyGt0MC&pg=PA41&dq=Fourteen+Points+of+Jinnah&hl=en&sa=X&ei=jZcjUcKaCojY0QWBsYGICA&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Fourteen%20Points%20of%20Jinnah&f=false |title=History of India(from National Movement To Present Day) – N. Jayapalan – Google Books |publisher=Books.google.co.uk |date= |accessdate=19 February 2013}} {{Jinnah}}{{Pakistan Movement}}2. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YGdiqF6V8wYC&pg=PA58&dq=Fourteen+Points+of+Jinnah&hl=en&sa=X&ei=jZcjUcKaCojY0QWBsYGICA&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Fourteen%20Points%20of%20Jinnah&f=false |title=Jinnah, Pakistan and Islamic Identity: The Search for Saladin – Akbar S. Ahmed – Google Books |publisher=Books.google.co.uk |date=28 December 1928 |accessdate=19 February 2013}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-Ll5eFliFfIC&pg=PA61&dq=Fourteen+Points+of+Jinnah&hl=en&sa=X&ei=jZcjUcKaCojY0QWBsYGICA&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Fourteen%20Points%20of%20Jinnah&f=false |title=Encyclopaedia Eminent Thinkers (vol. 13 : The Political Thought of M.A. Jinnah) – Jai Narain Sharma – Google Books |publisher=Books.google.co.uk |date= |accessdate=19 February 2013}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MazdaWXQFuQC&pg=SL3-PA253&dq=Fourteen+Points+of+Jinnah&hl=en&sa=X&ei=jZcjUcKaCojY0QWBsYGICA&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Fourteen%20Points%20of%20Jinnah&f=false |title=Indian History – Google Books |publisher=Books.google.co.uk |date= |accessdate=19 February 2013}} 4 : Muhammad Ali Jinnah|Pakistan Movement|Pakistani historical documents|1929 documents |
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