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词条 Fowey Rocks Light
释义

  1. References

  2. Further reading

  3. External links

{{Infobox lighthouse
| image_name = Fowey_Lighthouse.jpg
| caption =
| location = seven miles southeast of Cape Florida on Key Biscayne
| coordinates = {{coord|25|35|26.2|N|80|05|48|W|type:landmark_region:US-FL|display=inline,title}}
| yearlit = 1878
| automated = May 7, 1975
| yeardeactivated =
| foundation = screw-pile
| construction = cast-iron
| shape = skeletal octagonal pyramid
| marking=brown and white
| focalheight = {{convert|110|ft|0}}
| lens = 1878: 1st order drum Fresnel lens
1982: Flash tube array
1983: 300mm
| currentlens = VRB-25 system
| characteristic = Flashing white 10s with two red sectors
| range = White {{convert|15|nmi}}, red {{convert|10|nmi}}
| racon= "O" (Oscar)
| ARLHS =USA-307
| admiralty =J2960
| USCG =3-920[2][3]
|module={{Infobox NRHP
| embed = yes
| name = Fowey Rocks Light
| nrhp_type =
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| locmapin = Florida
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| location =
| built =
| architect =
| architecture =
| added = January 26, 2011
| designated_nrhp_type =
| visitation_num =
| visitation_year =
| refnum = 10001181[1]
| mpsub =
| governing_body = National Park Service
}}
}}

Fowey Rocks Light is located seven miles southeast of Cape Florida on Key Biscayne. The lighthouse was completed in 1878, replacing the Cape Florida Light. It was automated on May 7, 1975 and is still in operation today. The structure is cast iron, with a screw-pile foundation, a platform and a skeletal tower. The light is 110 feet above the water. The tower framework is painted brown, while the dwelling and enclosed circular stair to the lantern is painted white. The original lens was a first-order drum Fresnel lens which stood about {{convert|12|ft|0}} high and weighed about a ton (tonne). The light has a nominal range of 15 miles in the white sectors, and 10 miles in the red sectors.

Fowey Rocks are named for the Royal Navy frigate HMS Fowey which was wrecked on a different reef to the south in 1748.[5] During construction of the lighthouse the workers lived on a platform built over the water to minimize the danger of transporting them and their supplies each day from the mainland.

While construction was under way, on 17 February 1878 the Arratoon Apcar ran aground on the reef.

The 1500 ton steamship came to rest just {{convert|200|yd}} from the workmen's platform.[2]

Efforts to save the boat failed, and she was pounded apart on the rocks and sank.

Today the wreck is an excellent scuba diving site.[3] One early assistant keeper of the lighthouse, Jefferson B. Browne, later became Chief Justice of the Florida Supreme Court.[4]

The Labor Day Hurricane of 1935 washed away the first deck of the lighthouse, 15 feet above the water, but the tower survived. The lighthouse is inside the boundaries of Biscayne National Park.

In June 2011, the General Services Administration made the Fowey Rocks Light (along with 11 others) available at no cost to public organizations willing to preserve them.[5][6] On October 2, 2012; the National Park Service accepted ownership of the light.[7]

It is the last of the original Florida Keys offshore manned reef lights in operation, all others having been decommissioned by 2015.[8][9] The original Fresnel lens has been replaced by a modern solar-powered light. Although owned by the National Park Service, the light continues to be maintained by the US Coast Guard.[10]

References

1. ^{{NRISref|version=2010a}}
2. ^{{cite web |title=The Alleged Arratoon Apcar Wreck Site |url=http://www.marinearcheology.org/arratoon.htm|year=2006 |publisher=Marine Archaeological Research & Conservation Inc.|accessdate=2013-11-04}}
3. ^{{cite web|ref={{harvid|Arratoon Apcar: DiveSpots.com}}|url=http://www.divespots.com/scuba-diving-spots/florida/miami/spots/arratoon-apcar |title=Arratoon Apcar|publisher=DiveSpots.com, LLC|accessdate=2013-11-04}}
4. ^Love Dean, Lighthouses of the Florida Keys (1998), p. 228.
5. ^{{cite news|title=For sale: Waterfront property; cozy, great views, plenty of light, needs TLC|url=http://news.blogs.cnn.com/2011/07/12/for-sale-waterfront-property-cozy-great-views-plenty-of-light-needs-tlc/?hpt=hp_t2|accessdate=12 July 2011|newspaper=CNN}}
6. ^{{cite web|last=Beatty|first=MaryAnne|title=GSA Making 12 Historic Lighthouses Available at No Cost to Public Organizations Willing to Preserve Them|url=http://www.gsa.gov/portal/content/286133|work=GSA Website|publisher=US General Services Administration|accessdate=12 July 2011}}
7. ^{{cite web|title=A Tale Of Two Lighthouses|url=http://www.nationalparkstraveler.com/2012/10/tale-two-lighthouses10702|publisher=National Parks Traveler|date=2012-10-19|accessdate=October 23, 2012}}
8. ^{{cite web|title=The 6 Lighthouses|url=http://www.floridakeysreeflightsfoundation.wildapricot.org/page-1760803|publisher=Florida Keys Reef Lights Foundation|accessdate=July 9, 2018}}
9. ^{{cite web|title=Coast Guard Warns of Unsafe Florida Keys Reef Lighthouses|url=https://floridakeystreasures.com/coast-guard-warns-of-unsafe-florida-keys-reef-lighthouses/|publisher=Florida Keys Treasures|date=January 31, 2015|accessdate=July 9, 2018}}
10. ^{{cite web|title=Fowey Rocks Lighthouse|url=https://www.nps.gov/bisc/learn/historyculture/fowey-rocks-lighthouse.htm|publisher=US National Parks Service|accessdate=July 9, 2018}}
11. ^{{cite uscghist|FL}}
12. ^{{cite rowlett|fl|date=2010-03-11}}
13. ^The Coast Guard History site, cited above, says she was a Spanish Galleon, but there is substantial documentation of her Royal Navy status.
[11][12][13]
}}

Further reading

  • {{cite book|last=McCarthy|first=Kevin M.|others=Paintings by William L. Trotter|title='Florida Lighthouses|publisher=University of Florida Press|location=Gainesville|year=1990|isbn=0-8130-0982-0}}
  • {{cite book| last=Dean | first=Love | title=Reef Lights: Seaswept Lighthouses of the Florida Keys | publisher=The Historic Key West Preservation Board | location=Key West, Florida | year=1982 | isbn=0-943528-03-8}}

External links

  • {{Commons category-inline|Fowey Rocks Light}}
{{Lighthouses of Florida}}{{National Register of Historic Places in Florida}}

8 : Lighthouses completed in 1878|Houses completed in 1878|Towers completed in 1878|Biscayne National Park|Lighthouses in Miami-Dade County, Florida|Lighthouses on the National Register of Historic Places in Florida|National Register of Historic Places in Miami-Dade County, Florida|1878 establishments in Florida

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