词条 | Cherkasy | ||||||||
释义 |
|name=Cherkasy |other_name=Черкаси |nickname= |motto= |image_skyline=File:Черкаси.jpg |image_caption=Skyline of Cherkasy at night |image_flag = FLA Cherkasy, Cherkaska, Ukraine.svg |image_shield = Coat of Arms Cherkasy.PNG |image = |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = {{UKR}} |subdivision_type1 = Oblast |subdivision_name1 = Cherkasy Oblast |subdivision_type2 = Raion |subdivision_name2 = Cherkasy Raion |established_title = First mentioned |established_date = 1286 |established_title1 = City status |established_date1 = 1795 |leader_title = Mayor |leader_name = |area_magnitude = |area_total_km2 = |area_land_km2 =69 |area_water_km2 = |population_as_of = 2017 |population_note = |population_total = {{decrease}} 281 549 |population_metro = 282 439 |population_density_km2 = auto |timezone = EET |utc_offset = +2 |timezone_DST = EEST |utc_offset_DST = +3 |pushpin_map = Ukraine Cherkasy Oblast#Ukraine |pushpin_label_position = |pushpin_map_caption = Location of Cherkasy |pushpin_label = Cherkasy |coordinates = {{coord|49|26|40|N|32|03|35|E|type:city_region:UA|display=inline,title}} |elevation_m = 110 |postal_code_type=Postal code |postal_code = 18000 – 18499 |area_code = +380 472 |blank_name = Licence plate |blank_info = CA, IA |blank1_info = Bydgoszcz, Sumgait, Santa Rosa |blank1_name= Sister cities |website = www.rada.cherkasy.ua |footnotes = }} Cherkasy ({{lang-uk|Черка́си}}, pronounced {{IPA-uk|tʃɛrˈkɑsɪ|}}), is a city in central Ukraine. It is the capital of Cherkasy Oblast (province), as well as the administrative center of surrounding Cherkasky Raion (district) within the oblast. The city itself is designated as a city of oblast significance and does not belong to the raion. It is not to be confused with the Russian city of Cherkassk which is on the Don River to the east. Population: {{Ua-pop-est2017|281,549}} The city is the cultural, educational and industrial center of Cherkasy Oblast and Central Economical Region of Ukraine. Cherkasy has been known since the 13th century and played a great role in the history of Ukraine. Cherkasy was the center of Cossacks, citizens took part in Khmelnychchyna and Koliyivschyna (cossacks' and peasants' rebellions). The city is located on the right bank of Dnieper River (specifically at the Kremenchuk Reservoir), about {{convert|200|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} south of the nation's capital, Kiev. The city is divided into 2 boroughs (raions): Sosnivskiy (with Orshanets village) and Pridniprovskiy. In June 2011, the city celebrated its 725th anniversary. EnvironmentLocationCherkasy is situated on the high right bank of the Dnipro River, in the middle of the Kremenchuk Reservoir. Relief of the historical part of the city was influenced by Zamkova (Castle) mountain, where Cherkasy Castle was situated.[1][2] The major part of Cherkasy occurs as lowlands. The city occupies an area of {{convert|69|km2|sqmi|1|abbr=on}}. The city's length is {{convert|17|km|2|abbr=on}} along the Kremenchuk Reservoir, while its widest point is only {{convert|8|km|2|abbr=on}}. From the north-west, Cherkasy is surrounded by forest. Known as Cherkaskiy Bir, it is the biggest ({{convert|28500|ha|acre|-2|disp=or}}) natural pine forest in Ukraine.[3] ClimateThe climate of Cherkasy is mild continental, with mild winters and warm (in the last few years mostly hot) summers.[4] The average temperature in the city is {{convert|+7.7|C|F}}. Winters are usually cold and snowy (the average January temperature is {{convert|-5.9|C|F}}), but the last few winters have been rather warm with rare severe frosts (up to {{convert|-25|C|F}}). Summers are dry and warm (the average temperature in July is {{convert|+19.8|C|F}}), with occasional highs reaching {{convert|+35|C|F}}. {{Weather box|location = Cherkasy |metric first = yes |single line = yes |Jan high C = -3 |Feb high C = -1 |Mar high C = 3 |Apr high C = 12 |May high C = 20 |Jun high C = 23 |Jul high C = 25 |Aug high C = 24 |Sep high C = 19 |Oct high C = 12 |Nov high C = 5 |Dec high C = 0 |year high C = 11 |Jan low C = -8 |Feb low C = -6 |Mar low C = -2 |Apr low C = 5 |May low C = 10 |Jun low C = 13 |Jul low C = 15 |Aug low C = 14 |Sep low C = 10 |Oct low C = 4 |Nov low C = 0 |Dec low C = -5 |year low C = 4 |Jan rain mm = 36 |Feb rain mm = 33 |Mar rain mm = 29 |Apr rain mm = 38 |May rain mm = 37 |Jun rain mm = 63 |Jul rain mm = 76 |Aug rain mm = 53 |Sep rain mm = 36 |Oct rain mm = 31 |Nov rain mm = 41 |Dec rain mm = 44 |year rain mm = 517 |source 1 = MeteoProg |date=July 2011 }} EcologyThe ecological situation in the city is quite stable. The cumulative pollution index {{As of|2008|lc=y}} is 7.56, average with other Ukrainian cities. The main pollutant in the city is "Azot" plant, so the nearby area (south-east part of the city) is the most polluted.[5] The downtown area is heavily polluted as well, due to high traffic volume. The city itself is mostly clean of nuclear pollution from the Chernobyl disaster, although the northernmost part of Cherkasy may have been influenced a little.[6] DemographicsAccording to the newest data, the number of inhabitants of Cherkasy is 284,479 as of 1 October 2015.[7] This number is decreasing because of rising mortality rate, socio-economic situation, and the suburbanisation process in the region. This diagram shows the changes of population in Cherkasy: Colors= id:lightgrey value:gray(0.9) id:darkgrey value:gray(0.7) id:sfondo value:rgb(1,1,1) id:barra value:rgb(0.6,0.7,0.8) ImageSize = width:620 height:330 PlotArea = left:50 bottom:50 top:30 right:30 DateFormat = x.y Period = from:0 till:350 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical AlignBars = justify ScaleMajor = gridcolor:darkgrey increment:100 start:150 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:25 start:0 BackgroundColors = canvas:sfondo BarData= bar:1897 text:1897 bar:1910 text:1910 bar:1926 text:1926 bar:1939 text:1939 bar:1959 text:1959 bar:1970 text:1970 bar:1977 text:1977 bar:1979 text:1979 bar:1984 text:1984 bar:1990 text:1990 bar:2001 text:2001 bar:2003 text:2003 bar:2005 text:2005 bar:2007 text:2007 bar:2009 text:2009 bar:2010 text:2010 bar:2011 text:2011 bar:2015 text:2015 PlotData= bar:1897 from:0 till: 29.6 bar:1910 from:0 till: 39.6 bar:1926 from:0 till: 39.5 bar:1939 from:0 till: 51.6 bar:1959 from:0 till: 85 bar:1970 from:0 till: 158 bar:1977 from:0 till: 229 bar:1979 from:0 till: 230 bar:1984 from:0 till: 267 bar:1990 from:0 till: 297 bar:2001 from:0 till: 295.4 bar:2003 from:0 till: 294.1 bar:2005 from:0 till: 293.3 bar:2007 from:0 till: 290.7 bar:2009 from:0 till: 287.7 bar:2010 from:0 till: 285.5 bar:2011 from:0 till: 286.7 bar:2015 from:0 till: 284.5 PlotData= bar:1897 at: 29.6 fontsize:S text: 29.6 shift:(-8,5) bar:1910 at: 39.6 fontsize:S text: 39.6 shift:(-10,5) bar:1926 at: 39.5 fontsize:S text: 39.5 shift:(-10,5) bar:1939 at: 51.6 fontsize:S text: 51.6 shift:(-10,5) bar:1959 at: 85 fontsize:S text: 85 shift:(-10,5) bar:1970 at: 158 fontsize:S text: 158 shift:(-10,5) bar:1977 at: 229 fontsize:S text: 229 shift:(-10,5) bar:1979 at: 230 fontsize:S text: 230 shift:(-10,5) bar:1984 at: 267 fontsize:S text: 267 shift:(-10,5) bar:1990 at: 297 fontsize:S text: 297 shift:(-10,5) bar:2001 at: 295.4 fontsize:S text: 295.4 shift:(-10,5) bar:2003 at: 294.1 fontsize:S text: 294.1 shift:(-10,5) bar:2005 at: 293.3 fontsize:S text: 293.3 shift:(-10,5) bar:2007 at: 290.7 fontsize:S text: 290.7 shift:(-10,5) bar:2009 at: 287.7 fontsize:S text: 287.7 shift:(-10,5) bar:2010 at: 285.5 fontsize:S text: 285.5 shift:(-10,5) bar:2011 at: 286.7 fontsize:S text: 286.7 shift:(-10,5) bar:2015 at: 284.8 fontsize:S text: 284.5 shift:(-10,5) TextData= fontsize:S pos:(20,20) text:Thousands of inhabitants. The majority of citizens are Ukrainians, with a large population of Russians and Jews. 46.4% are males, 53.6% are females.[8] According to the data provided by the municipal health care department, teens under 14 encompass 15% of the population while pensioners are 19%, which indicates the prevalence of aging citizens as compared to younger citizens. HistoryEarly historyThe history of Cherkasy has not been thoroughly explored. The year of establishment is considered{{by whom?|date=March 2019}} to be 1286 on the Kievan Rus territory. There are few facts about the beginning of the city, but it is documented that Cherkasy existed in the 14th century. The first record about Cherkasy dates from 1305 in the Gustynskiy Chronicle, which is the Kievan Rus chronicle. The city is mentioned as an existing city among other Kievan Rus cities, including Kiev, Kaniv, Zhytomyr and Ovruch. The city became one of the centers of the Cossack movement. Citizens took part in the Khmelnychchyna of 1648-1657 and in the Koliyivschyna of 1768-1769. The city was influenced by the cruel social and economical experiments of Soviet authorities and by World War II. In 1954 Cherkasy became the administrative center of Cherkasy Oblast (province), the youngest oblast of Ukraine. Under Grand Duchy of LithuaniaIn the 1360s, the city entered a new period in its development, by becoming a part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Since then, Cherkasy has become an important defender of its southern borders. In 1384 the city is recognized as a fortified town on the south edge (of Grand Duchy of Lithuania), along with Vinnytsia, Bratslav and Kaniv making defensive line from Crimean Tatars. The city started to be ruled by headman (starosta). During the end of 15th until the beginning of 16th centuries, the post of Cherkasy headman was held by the prominent persons of that time – Bogdan Glinskiy, Kmyta Oleksandrovych, Vasyl Dashkevych, Andriy Nemyrovych, Ostafiy Dashkevych, Vasyl Tyshkevych, Dmytro Baida-Vyshnevetskiy etc. During 15th–16th centuries, Cherkasy was one of the main centers that helped the Cossacks in the population of Ukrainian south. Citizens took part in military marches against Tatars and Turkish, including operations led by Ivan Pidkova. New Cherkasy Castle was the center of city life, it was built in 1549–52 on the place of the old one. Under Polish rule, Khmelnytsky UprisingAfter the Union of Lublin in 1569 Cherkasy became a part of Poland. Cherkasy Regiment, which was created in 1625, played a big role in history of the city. During the Khmelnytsky Uprising the regiment became administrative-territorial subdivision (until 1686). During that time Cherkasy's Regiment was one of the most powerful military units and took part in all of the battles for Bohdan Khmelnytsky army. After a successful campaign, Khmelnytsky in 1654 signed an alliance with Muscovy at Pereyaslav. The war ended in 1667 with the Truce of Andrusovo. Cherkasy remained part of Poland, but territories east of the Dnieper River including left-bank Ukraine and Zaporizhia were secured for Muscovy. While in the Polish Kingdom the city was a seat of the county (poviat) which belonged to a greater unit – the Kiev Voivodeship of the Lesser Poland Province until 1793. In 1768 during the Koliyivshchyna turmoils the city was severely damaged and pillaged. In 1791 the city gained Magdeburg rights. It was a royal city of Poland. After the Second Partition of Poland the city was incorporated into the Kievan Guberniya of Imperial Russia. 19th – early 20th centuriesSince the beginning of the 19th century the city was planned by Russian architect, civil engineer and town planner of Scottish descent, William Heste. After the second division of Poland in 1793, Cherkasy became part of the Russian Empire. From 1797 it was a povitove town of Kiev Governorate. In the second half of the 19th century the city experienced a great economical growth. After the railroad appeared in the city, a lot of new industrial enterprises were built. Sugar, tobacco, metalwork, mechanical engineering and trade industries were at peak development at that time. Architect William Heste made a general development plan for the city, which involved building square blocks with straight streets. 20th century (Soviet era)After the October revolution in 1917 Cherkasy fell under bolshevik control. After that, however, the city changed its rule at least 18 times – during the civil war it was conquered by hetman Pavlo Skoropadskyi, then again by bolshevikis, later by Nikifor Grigoriev. On 1 January 1920, the city finally and for a long period fell under Soviet rule. As with all villages and towns in the area, it was a victim of man-made famine in 1932–1933 (Holodomor) and a Great Purge (a series of campaigns of political repression and persecution in the Soviet Union organised by Joseph Stalin in 1936–1938). The Second World War damaged the city greatly. On 22 June 1941, German bombers attacked Cherkasy. For two months soldiers defended the city, but on 22 August, the invaders took the city. On 14 December 1943, Cherkasy was set free from German invaders. After the end of the war, the city began to recover after being almost destroyed. According to 5-year plans, the city began to re-develop its economy, infrastructure and socio-cultural sphere. In 1954 the city became the administrative center of Cherkasy Oblast (province), the youngest among other oblasts in Ukraine. In the 1960s Cherkasy became the chemical giant of the Ukrainian SSR, after "Azot" (the biggest nitrogen fertilizer producing plant), "Himvolokno" (artificial fiber manufacturing plant), "Himreaktyv" (chemical reagents for military purposes) and many others were built in the city. In 1961 a Kremenchuk hydro power plant was built, forming Kremenchuk Water Reservoir, on which Cherkasy is standing now. This made the city a big transport hub, serving the longest dyke in Ukraine (15 km) with rail and road on it. Independence from the Soviet UnionSince gaining independence, industry in the city has declined, along with the number of citizens and living standards. A lot of big and powerful factories and plants were privatized but couldn't survive in a competitive market. Some enterprises changed their profile – several (3) factories and plants around the city were united under the "Bogdan Corporation" and started production of buses and cars. Some of the companies remained working and became successful, like "Azot". On 28 November 2008, the monument of Lenin was removed from the central square. This caused different reactions in different people. Now the central square, formerly called "Lenin Square", is called "Soborna Square" (Cathedral Square). The square was recently renovated. In 2009, Cherkasy airport received International Airport status (IATA: CKC – ICAO: UKKE). TransportationPublic transportationPublic transportation is represented by trolleybuses and buses. Trolleybuses started serving the city in 1965, and now are operating on 10 routes, from approximately 6 am till 11 pm. The fleet is old, and mostly consists of ZiU-9 and ZiU-10 vehicles. Recently, 3 new trolleybuses (manufactured by LAZ) appeared in the city. Buses are mostly represented with "Etalon", "Bohdan", and "PAZ" buses. Cherkasy City Bus is the authority that controls the buses in the city, it consists of several private contractors which actually operate the transport system. RoadsCherkasy is a big transport hub due to its location in the center of the country. Two major automobile routes are going through the city - H16 (Uman-Zolotonosha, national route) and P10 (Kaniv-Kremenchuk, regional route). There is a 4-lane highway between Cherkasy and Smila (city which is a part of Cherkasy Urban Agglomeration). The roads are in poor technical condition and road maintenance is poor. RailwaysThe city has a railway station and one railway stop, both are operated by state-owned Ukrzaliznytsia company. Cherkasy has regular connections to neighboring cities with small diesel trains. Major route Odessa-Moscow is passing through Cherkasy. One of the most important railway junctions in Ukraine, is located {{convert|23|km|0|abbr=off}} from Cherkasy, in the city of Smila, where the Kiev–Dnipro and Odessa–Moscow rail routes cross. Air and Water transportAs Cherkasy is located on the bank of Kremenchuk reservoir, it has a small riverport. The previously extensive riverboat service along the Dnieper featuring the Raketa hydrofoil ships is no longer existing, limiting river transport to cargo and tour boats and private pleasure craft. There is also a cargo port located in the city. Cherkasy International Airport is located on the western edge of the city. It works for chartered flights around Ukraine, the reason lies behind Boryspil airport in Kiev (which handles most of Ukraine's International flights). In addition, Cherkasy airport is considered as alternative airport for Boryspil in case of unforeseen situations and adverse weather conditions. EconomyCherkasy is an important economic center of Ukraine. The city is presented with different industries, but traditionally the greatest development was reached in chemical industry, automotive industry and food industry. Total yield, generated by Cherkasy industries was near UAH 7,894.3 billion that is 64% of total income of Cherkasy Region. Main industry enterprises of Cherkasy:
EducationNowadays there are different types of educational institutions in Cherkasy – pre-school (kindergartens), schools, out-of-school and higher educational institutions. These institutions may be both state-owned and private property. Pre-school education is represented with 50 kindergartens around the city. City-owned schools are 21 general schools, 1 night school, and 14 new-type schools – 2 lyceums, 3 gymnasiums, collegiate, 8 specialized schools. This include First City Gymnasium, City Gymnasium No. 9 and No. 31, Cherkasy Physical and Mathematical Lyceum, Cherkasy Lyceum of Humanities and Law, Specialized School No. 17 (Associated UNESCO school), Cherkasy Collegiate "Beregynia", Specialized Schools No. 3, #13, No. 18, #20, No. 27, #28 and No. 33. Private schools are "Perlyna", school No. 770, and "Sofia". Out-of-school institutions are Center of Youth Art, Young Sailors Club, Center of Tourism and Sports. There is a number of post-secondary educational institutions:
There is a number of colleges (both state and private):
Several public libraries are serving the city – Central Library of Lesia Ukrainka, City Library for Youth and Children, Central Oblast Library of Taras Shevchenko. Culture and recreationCherkasy is a big cultural center. Several theaters, philharmonic, 3 movie theaters, numerous museums and clubs are serving the city. The city has 3 indoor skating rinks. People can relax in big parks and gardens around the city, they can also visit city's zoo. Cherkasy is among the cities in Ukraine that have their own planetarium. MuseumsThe biggest museums of Cherkasy are:
Theaters and musicThere are several theaters in Cherkasy, such as:
The city has its own philharmonic, which was created in 1955. The big cultural center is concert hall "Druzhba Narodiv" (Friendship of Nations), where all major concerts are held. Besides, there are numerous local cultural clubs. The city has 4 modern movie theaters - "Salut" (a very old building, was the first cinema in Cherkasy), "Ukraine", "Dnipro Plaza" and "Lubava".[9] RecreationCherkasy is famous as a green city. The main parks are Park Peremohy (Victory Park) with a zoo, Sobornyi Park (Cathedral Park), Juvileyniy Park (Jubilee Park), Park Himikiv (Park of Chemists), Dolyna Troiand (Rose Valley), and 2 chilred's parks.[10] Traditional places of summer recreation are beaches of Dnipro River. The coastline of the city is as long as {{convert|15|km|0|abbr=off}}, and is usually represented with sand beaches. Infrastructure of the beaches is under development right now, although several recreational complexes are already built. On the northern end of the city, in Cherkasy Forest, sanatorium "Ukraine" is situated, along with three-star hotel "Ukraine", and "Kosmos-Bowling" club. There are also several hotels in the city which can accommodate people with different tastes. FestivalsThe city is famous for its sculpture festivals - "Kryzhtal" (held in winter, sculptures are made of ice), "Drevlyandia" (held in summer, sculptures are made of wood, then placed in parks around the city), and "Zhyvyi Kamin" (held in autumn, sculptures are made of stone). Along with the last, "Cherkasy's Singing Nights" are held in the open-air theater in park. Since 2003, Cherkasy hosts international bike festival "Tarasova Gora", which gathers bikers from Ukraine, Russia, and other European countries. This is the biggest festival of this kind held in Ukraine. The City also hosts a music festival (sponsored by Pentax-Richo), that takes the name "Takumar5555", that is the old Pentax brand name, and a play on the city's 55th year of independence. Mass mediaCherkasy is a big media market, which is served by several local TV stations, newspapers, and numerous radio stations. The city is a home to numerous newspapers, among which are "Antenna", "Molod' Cherkashchyny", "Vechirni Cherkasy", "Akcent", "Nova Doba", "Misto", "Cherkasky Kray" etc. Cherkasy has 5 TV stations – Vikka, Antenna-Plus, Media-Center, Expo-TV, and state-owned Ros'. The city is also covered with nationwide channel broadcasting, like 1+1, Inter, ICTV, STB, TET etc. . City's radio stations are mostly nationwide networks broadcast on local frequencies, although some local stations exist. FM radio stations include KISS FM, Hit FM, Radio Luks, Radio Rocks, Shanson, Ros', Era FM, Love Radio, 101Dalmatin, Dobre Radio. SportsSport life of the city is concentrated in several places, among which are the Central Stadium, Water Sport station, Sport Center "Spartak", "Ukraine"; Sport arena "Budivel'nyk"; "Astra", "Central", "Sokil" swimming pools; 2 ice rinks. Also, there are sport-entertainment centers, such as "Selena", "Bochka", and "Sportohota" which can usually be found on the bank of the Dnipro River. Every year more than 200 sport events, contests, competitions, tournaments are held in the city, with total of 10,000 participants. Some contests that were held recently include:
Other sport achievements are:
Architecture and sightsDuring its whole history Cherkasy was destroyed and rebuilt numerous times. Only few buildings from the 19th century survived. The system of streets and squares in the old part of the city is one of the few monuments to the city-building art of 19th century Ukraine.[12]
International relations{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Ukraine}}This is a list of cities that have standing links to local communities in other countries. In most cases, the association, especially when formalised by local government, is known as "town twinning" (though other terms, such as "partner towns" or "sister cities" are sometimes used instead), and while most of the places included are towns, the list also comprises villages, cities, districts, counties, etc. with similar links. For example, the State of Iowa have been a sister state with Cherkasy Oblast since 1996. Twin towns and sister citiesCherkasy is twinned with:
GalleryFurther reading
References1. ^[https://web.archive.org/web/20160507031039/http://vikka.ua/news/36726-tamnits-rdnogo-msta-cherkaskiy-zamok.htm Mysteries of the native city: Cherkasy Castle]. Vikka. 31 July 2012 2. ^Cherkasy Castle-Fortress. Khmelnytsky Park in Cherkasy city {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160507031402/http://www.shukach.com/uk/node/37282 |date=7 May 2016 }}. shukach.com. 13 September 2014 3. ^{{uk icon}} {{cite web |url=http://mestectvo.com/cherkassy/zolotaya-podkova/cherkassy.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2011-04-28 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110423131030/http://www.mestectvo.com/cherkassy/zolotaya-podkova/cherkassy.html |archivedate=23 April 2011 |df=dmy }} 4. ^Клімат Черкас (підготовлено Вишневським В. І.) на www.meteoprog.ua (Погода в Україні й світі. Прогноз погоди.) 5. ^{{uk icon}} The city council report on ecological situation in the city http://www.rada.cherkassy.ua/ua/newsread.php?view=17&s=1&s1=69 6. ^{{uk icon}} The map of nuclear pollution in Ukraine http://chornobyl.in.ua/uk/karty-radiacia-ukraina.html 7. ^{{uk icon}}Чисельність населення (щомісячна інформація), UkrStat Statistics Agency (1 October 2015) 8. ^Сайт Державного комітету статистики України. Дані перепису 2001 року {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081121043935/http://www.ukrcensus.gov.ua/results/general/estimated/cherkasy |date=21 November 2008 }} 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://kino.ukr.net/cinema/cherkassy/|title=Кинотеатры Черкасс на KINOafisha.ua|publisher=|accessdate=12 August 2016}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.landarchitecture.org.ua/doku.php/parks/abc|title=Сади та Парки розміщені за алфавітом Ландшафтна архітектура Черкащини|first=Fedir Gontsa -|last=fedir.gontsa.com|publisher=|accessdate=12 August 2016}} 11. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.ukrbandy.org.ua/contact_en.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2009-09-26 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091001232524/http://www.ukrbandy.org.ua/contact_en.html |archivedate=1 October 2009 |df=dmy }} 12. ^{{cite web|url=http://ukrainetrek.com/cherkassy-city|title=Cherkasy city, Ukraine guide|publisher=|accessdate=12 August 2016}} 13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.azerbaijans.com/content_1719_en.html|title=Twin-cities of Azerbaijan|accessdate=9 August 2013|work=Azerbaijans.com}} External links{{Commons category|Cherkasy}}{{Wiktionary}}
7 : Cherkasy|Cities of regional significance in Ukraine|Kiev Governorate|Cossack Hetmanate|Kiev Voivodeship|Populated places on the Dnieper in Ukraine|Oblast centers in Ukraine |
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