“Francis, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

词条

Francis, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld

释义

Biography
First marriage
Second marriage and children
Ancestry
References

{{Infobox royalty
| name =Francis
| image = FranzFriedrich AntonSaCoSa.jpg
| caption =
| succession = Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
| reign = 8 September 1800 –
9 December 1806
| predecessor = Ernest Frederick
| successor = Ernest III
| spouse =Princess Sophie of Saxe-Hildburghausen
Countess Augusta Reuss of Ebersdorf
| issue = Princess Sophie, Countess of Mensdorff-Pouilly
Antoinette, Duchess Alexander of Württemberg
Grand Duchess Anna Feodorovna of Russia
Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
Prince Ferdinand
Princess Victoria, Duchess of Kent and Strathearn
Princess Marianne
Leopold I of Belgium
Prince Franz
| full name =({{lang-de|Franz Friedrich Anton}})
({{lang-en|Francis Frederick Anthony}})
| house = Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
| father = Ernest Frederick, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
| mother = Princess Sophie Antoinette of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1750|7|15|df=y}}
| birth_place = Coburg, Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, Holy Roman Empire
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1806|12|9|1750|7|15|df=y}}
| death_place = Coburg, Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
| place of burial =
| religion = Lutheranism
|}}

Francis, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (Coburg, 15 July 1750 – Coburg, 9 December 1806), was one of the ruling Thuringian dukes of the House of Wettin. As progenitor of a line of Coburg princes who, in the 19th and 20th centuries, mounted the thrones of several European realms, he is a patrilineal ancestor of, among others, Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom, King Philippe of Belgium and King Simeon II of Bulgaria.

Biography

He was the eldest son of Ernest Frederick, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld and Sophia Antonia of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel.^[1]

He received a private, careful and comprehensive education and became an art connoisseur. Francis initiated a major collection of books and illustrations for the duchy in 1775, which eventually expanded to a 300,000-picture collection of copperplate engravings currently housed in the Veste Coburg.

He was commissioned into the allied army in 1793 when his country was invaded by the Revolutionary armies of France. The allied forces included Hanoverians, Hessians, and the British. He fought in several actions against the French.

Francis succeeded his father as reigning Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld in 1800.^[1] In the discharge of his father's debts the Schloss Rosenau had passed out of the family but in 1805 he bought back the property as a summer residence for the ducal family.

Emperor Francis II dissolved the Holy Roman Empire on 6 August 1806, after its defeat by Napoleon at the Battle of Austerlitz. Duke Francis died 9 December 1806. On 15 December 1806, Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, along with the other Ernestine duchies, entered the Confederation of the Rhine as the Duke and his ministers planned.

First marriage

In Hildburghausen on 6 March 1776, Francis married Princess Sophie of Saxe-Hildburghausen, a daughter of his Ernestine kinsman, Duke Ernst Friedrich II. She died on 28 October 1776, only seven months after her wedding. There were no children born from this marriage.

Second marriage and children

In Ebersdorf on 13 June 1777, Francis married Countess Augusta Reuss-Lobenstein-Ebersdorf. They had ten children, seven of whom survived to adulthood:^[1]

Name	Date of birth	Date of death	Age at death	Notes
Sophie Fredericka Caroline Luise	19 August 1778, in Coburg	8 July 1835, in Tušimice, Bohemia	56 years	Married on 23 February 1804 to Emmanuel von Mensdorff-Pouilly (later Count von Mensdorff-Pouilly).
Antoinette Ernestine Amalie	28 August 1779, in Coburg	14 March 1824, in St. Petersburg	44 years	Married on 17 November 1798 to Alexander of Württemberg.
Juliane Henriette Ulrike (upon her marriage, she took the name Anna Feodorovna in a Russian Orthodox baptism)	23 September 1781, in Coburg	15 August 1860, in Elfenau, near Berne, Switzerland	78 years	Married on 26 February 1796 to Grand Duke Constantine Pavlovich of Russia, the younger brother of Czar Alexander I of Russia (they divorced in 1820).
Stillborn son	1782	1782	-
Ernst I Anton Karl Ludwig, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha	2 January 1784, in Coburg	29 January 1844, in Gotha	60 years	Married on 31 July 1817 to Princess Louise of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (1800–1831); father of Prince Albert, the husband of Queen Victoria.
Ferdinand Georg August	28 March 1785, in Coburg	27 August 1851, in Vienna	66 years	Married on 30 November 1815 to Maria Antonia Koháry de Csábrág; father of Ferdinand II of Portugal and Victoria, Duchess of Nemours, and the grandfather of Ferdinand I of Bulgaria. By his marriage he became the founder of the Koháry branch of the Saxe-Coburg and Gotha line.
Marie Luise Victoria	17 August 1786, in Coburg	16 March 1861, in Frogmore House	74 years	Married on 21 December 1803 Carl Friedrich Wilhelm Emich, Prince of Leiningen, had issue. After his death, she married on 11 July 1818 Prince Edward Augustus, Duke of Kent and Strathearn, the fourth son of King George III of Great Britain, the mother of Queen Victoria.
Marianne Charlotte	7 August 1788, in Coburg	23 August 1794, in Coburg	6 years
Leopold Georg Christian Frederick	16 December 1790, in Coburg	10 December 1865, in Laeken	75 years	Married, firstly, on 2 May 1816 Charlotte of Wales, daughter of George IV of the United Kingdom,who died from complications of childbirth on 6 November 1817. Married, secondly, on 9 August 1830 to Louise of Orléans and his children included Leopold II of Belgium and Empress Carlota of Mexico. First king of the Belgians under the name of Leopold I.
Franz Maximilian Ludwig	12 December 1792, in Coburg	3 January 1793, in Coburg	22 days

His male-line descendants established ruling houses in Belgium, United Kingdom, Portugal and Bulgaria, while retaining the duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha until 1918.^[1] His son Leopold ruled as Leopold I of the Belgians. A grandson reigned jure uxoris as King Ferdinand II of Portugal while a great-grandson named Ferdinand became the first modern king of Bulgaria. One of his granddaughters was Empress Carlota of Mexico, while another was Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom. The latter's son, Edward VII, a patrilineal as well as matrilineal great-grandson of Francis, inaugurated the male line which wore the British crown until the accession of Queen Elizabeth II in 1952.^[1]

Ancestry

{{ahnentafel
|collapsed=yes |align=center |ref=^[2]
|boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;
|boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;
|boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;
|boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;
|boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe;
|1= 1. Francis, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
|2= 2. Ernest Frederick, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
|3= 3. Sophia Antonia of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
|4= 4. Francis Josias, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
|5= 5. Princess Anna Sophie of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
|6= 6. Ferdinand Albert II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
|7= 7. Antoinette Amalie of Brunswick-Lüneburg
|8= 8. John Ernest IV, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
|9= 9. Charlotte Johanna of Waldeck-Wildungen
|10= 10. Louis Frederick I, Prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
|11= 11. Anna Sophie of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg
|12= 12. Ferdinand Albert I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
|13= 13. Christine of Hesse-Eschwege
|14= 14. Louis Rudolph, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
|15= 15. Princess Christine Louise of Oettingen-Oettingen
|16= 16. Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Gotha and Altenburg
|17= 17. Elisabeth Sophie of Saxe-Altenburg
|18= 18. Josias II, Count of Waldeck-Wildungen
|19= 19. Wilhelmine Christine of Nassau-Siegen
|20= 20. Albert Anton, Prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
|21= 21. Emilie Juliane of Barby-Mühlingen
|22= 22. Frederick I, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg
|23= 23. Magdalena Sibylle of Saxe-Weissenfels
|24= 24. Augustus the Younger, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
|25= 25. Elisabeth Sophie of Mecklenburg-Güstrow
|26= 26. Frederick, Landgrave of Hesse-Eschwege
|27= 27. Eleonore Katharina of Zweibrücken
|28= 28. Anthony Ulrich, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
|29= 29. Elizabeth Juliana of Schleswig-Holstein-Sønderborg-Nordborg
|30= 30. Albert Ernest I, Prince of Oettingen-Oettingen
|31= 31. Christiane Friederike of Württemburg-Stuttgart
}}

References

1. ^¹²³⁴Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels, Fürstliche Häuser, Band IV. "Haus Sachsen". C.A. Starke Verlag, 1956, pp. 157-164. (German),
2. ^{{cite book|title=Genealogie ascendante jusqu'au quatrieme degre inclusivement de tous les Rois et Princes de maisons souveraines de l'Europe actuellement vivans| trans-title=Genealogy up to the fourth degree inclusive of all the Kings and Princes of sovereign houses of Europe currently living |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AINPAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA108|year=1768|publisher=Frederic Guillaume Birnstiel|location=Bourdeaux|language=fr|page=108}}

August Beck: Franz Friedrich Anton, Herzog von Sachsen-Koburg-Saalfeld. In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB) vol. VII, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1877, p. 296.
Carl-Christian Dressel: Die Entwicklung von Verfassung und Verwaltung in Sachsen-Coburg 1800 - 1826 im Vergleich, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2007, {{ISBN|978-3-428-12003-1}}.
Christian Kruse: Franz Friedrich Anton von Sachsen-Coburg-Saalfeld: 1750 - 1806, in: Jahrbuch der Coburger Landesstiftung, Coburg 1995.

{{S-start}}{{S-hou|House of Wettin|15 July|1750|9 December|1806}}{{S-reg|}}{{S-bef|before=Ernest Frederick}}{{S-ttl|title=Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld|years=1800–1806}}{{S-aft|after=Ernest III}}{{s-end}}{{Princes of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Francis Frederick Of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfield}}

5 : 1750 births|1806 deaths|People from Coburg|Dukes of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld|House of Wettin

随便看

开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。