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词条 Chesapeake Energy
释义

  1. Operations

     Production[1] 

  2. History

  3. Controversies

     Antitrust allegations  Alleged collusion with Encana  Cancellation of leases  Underpayment of royalties to landowners  Alleged collusion in Oklahoma  Possible conflicts of interest by Ex-CEO Aubrey McClendon  Lobbying  Environmental damage  Discharges of fill material  2011 well blowout  2015 landslide 

  4. Awards and recognition

  5. Sponsorships

  6. References

  7. External links

{{Infobox company
| name = Chesapeake Energy Corporation
| logo = Chesapeake Energy logo.svg
| type = Public company
| traded_as = {{New York Stock Exchange|CHK}}
S&P 400 component
| foundation = {{Start date and age|1989}}
| founder = Aubrey McClendon
Tom L. Ward
| hq_location = Oklahoma City
| key_people = {{nowrap| R. Brad Martin, Chairman
Robert Douglas Lawler, CEO
Domenic J. Dell'Osso, Jr., CFO}}
| industry = Petroleum industry
| products = Petroleum
Natural gas
| production = {{convert|521|e3BOE|lk=in}} per day (2018)
| revenue = {{increase}} $10.231 billion (2018)
| net_income = {{decrease}} $0.775 billion (2018)
| assets = {{decrease}} $10.947 billion (2018)
| equity = {{increase}} $0.467 billion (2018)
| num_employees = 2,350 (2018)
| website = {{URL|http://www.chk.com/}}
| footnotes = [1]
}}

Chesapeake Energy Corporation is a company engaged in hydrocarbon exploration. It is headquartered in Oklahoma City. The company is named after the founder's love for the Chesapeake Bay region.

The company is ranked 314th on the Fortune 500.[2]

Operations

Production[1]

Formation% of 2018 Production
Marcellus Formation 26%
Haynesville Shale 25%
Eagle Ford Group 20%
Powder River Basin 5%
Mid-Continent oil province 5%
Divested assets 21%
Total 100%

In 2018, the company produced {{convert|521|e3BOE|lk=in}} per day, of which 73% was natural gas, 17% was petroleum, and 10% was natural gas liquids.[1] As of December 31, 2018, the company had {{convert|1.448|e9BOE|lk=in}} of estimated proved reserves, of which 73% was natural gas, 20% was petroleum, and 7% was natural gas liquids.[1]

History

The company was founded in 1989 by Aubrey McClendon and Tom L. Ward with a $50,000 initial investment. McClendon named the company due to his love of the Chesapeake Bay region.[3] Ward left the company in 2006 to establish SandRidge Energy.

In 1993, the company became a public company via an initial public offering, valuing the company at $25 million.[4]

Focusing on a strategy of drilling horizontal natural gas wells in unconventional reservoirs, the company built a sizable position in the Golden Trend and Sholem Alechem fields of South-central Oklahoma and in the Giddings field of Southeast Texas.[5]

In the mid-1990s, the company attempted to extend the Austin Chalk play into western and central Louisiana but struggled to do so.[6]

In 1997, the company wrote down the value of its assets by over $200 million (approximately equal to shareholder's equity at the time) due to low commodity prices and implemented a turnaround plan.[7]

In the early 2000s, after a rise in natural gas prices made it economically feasible, the company focused on unconventional drilling in carbonates, tight sandstone, and shale particularly in the Barnett Shale, Fayetteville Shale, and the Marcellus Formation.[5]

In 2006, the company was added to the S&P 500 Index.[8]

In 2008, the company announced its discovery of the Haynesville Shale in East Texas and northwestern Louisiana.[9]

In 2009, the company celebrated its 20th anniversary by partnering with Orange County Choppers to create the world's first chopper powered by compressed natural gas.[10]

In June 2012, in response to shareholder concerns about corporate governance issues under McClendon's watch, the company appointed Archie W. Dunham as chairman, while Aubrey McClendon remained CEO.[11]

In December 2012, the company sold midstream assets for $2.16 billion.[12]

Effective April 1, 2013, Aubrey McClendon was forced to leave the company after revelations that he took a personal stake in Chesapeake wells and then used those investments as collateral for up to $1.1 billion in loans from banks that also financed the company.[13][14]

In May 2013, Robert Douglas Lawler, an executive of Anadarko Petroleum, was named CEO of the company.[15]

In 2013, Chesapeake sold 55,000 net acres in the Northern Eagle Ford Shale and 9,600 net acres in the Haynesville Shale to EXCO for aggregate proceeds of $1 billion.[16]

In December 2014, Chesapeake sold a large portion of its oil and gas assets in the Marcellus Formation and Utica Shale to Southwestern Energy for net proceeds of $4.975 billion. The transaction included approximately 413,000 net acres and 1,500 wells in northern West Virginia and southern Pennsylvania. Net production of the sold assets was 57,000 barrels of oil equivalent per day in December 2014.[17]

In 2014, the company also sold additional midstream assets for $520 million.[18]

In September 2015, the company announced layoffs of hundreds of people in Oklahoma City.[19]

On March 2, 2016, former CEO and co-founder Aubrey McClendon died in a single-occupant single-vehicle crash when he drove his vehicle straight into a concrete bridge embankment in Oklahoma City.[20][21] It occurred the day after a United States Department of Justice federal grand jury indicted McClendon for violating antitrust laws during his leadership at Chesapeake.[20]

In 2017, the company sold assets in the Haynesville shale for $465 million.[22]

In January 2018, the company laid off 400 employees.[23]

In the first quarter of 2018, the company sold assets in Oklahoma for $500 million.[24]

In February 2019, the company acquired Texas oil producer WildHorse Resource Development for $4 billion in cash and stock.[25]

Controversies

Antitrust allegations

Alleged collusion with Encana

In mid-2012, the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) began an investigation into whether Encana, Canada's largest natural gas company, "illegally colluded with Chesapeake Energy Corp to lower the price of Michigan exploration lands during a public land auction in May 2010." Encana's internal investigation determined in 2012 that it did not collude with Chesapeake.[26] The Federal investigation ended in 2014.[27]

Cancellation of leases

On June 5, 2014, the state of Michigan filed felony fraud and racketeering charges against Chesapeake Energy, alleging that the company canceled hundreds of land leases on false pretenses after it sought to obtain oil and gas rights.[28] Michigan attorney general Bill Schuette claimed that the company "obtained uncompensated land options from these landowners by false pretenses, and prevented competitors from leasing the land." Chesapeake Energy disputed all charges.[29] In 2015, the company settled the lawsuits by agreeing to pay $25 million to the landowners.[14]

Underpayment of royalties to landowners

The company has faced thousands of lawsuits regarding the alleged under-payment of royalties due to individuals that rented land to the company.[30] In 2013, the company agreed to pay $7.5 million to settle a class action lawsuit by Pennsylvania landowners.[31] In 2017, the company agreed to pay another $30 million to Pennsylvania landowners.[32]

Alleged collusion in Oklahoma

On March 1, 2016, a DOJ federal grand jury indicted Aubrey McClendon for allegedly rigging the bidding process for land leases between December 2007 and March 2012.[14] McClendon was charged of orchestrating a conspiracy in which two oil and gas companies, not named in the indictment, colluded not to bid against each other for the purchase of land in northwestern Oklahoma.[20] According to the indictment, the companies decided ahead of time who would win bids, with the winner then allocating an interest in the leases to the other company, eliminating open competitive bidding.[33] The DOJ said this was the first case resulting from a continuing federal antitrust investigation into price fixing, bid rigging, and other anti-competitive conduct in the petroleum industry.

The next day, on March 2, 2016, McClendon died in a single-occupant single-vehicle crash when he drove his vehicle straight into a concrete bridge embankment.[20] The charges were dropped by the DOJ as a result of the death.[34]

Possible conflicts of interest by Ex-CEO Aubrey McClendon

  • McClendon nominated several of his friends, including long time childhood friends, to the board of the company and made them the highest-paid directors in the petroleum industry. In return, the board made McClendon the highest paid CEO of any company in the S&P 500 Index, awarding him a salary of $112 million.[35]
  • McClendon had the company develop a shopping center near the company's headquarters and lease space to restaurants part-owned by McClendon. The company used these restaurants for millions of dollars worth of catering business.[35]
  • McClendon and his family frequently used business jets owned by the company for personal reasons. McClendon has stated that this was allowed per his employment agreement.[35]
  • When McClendon needed money, he convinced the board to have the company purchase his collection of rare maps hanging in the company's offices for $12 million.[35]
  • An entire department at the company, known as "AKM Operations" was dedicated to working on personal projects of McClendon, including having his house fixed after a hail storm.[36]
  • The company signed an agreement to pay $3 million per year for the naming and branding rights to the Chesapeake Energy Arena, where the Oklahoma City Thunder play. The company also committed to buy $3 million worth of tickets per year. McClendon owned a 19% interest in the team.[36]
  • Since McClendon was a history major and loved history, he hired a company historian, who was paid a salary of over $100,000 per year.[36] He also hired the World's Strongest Man, who also received a salary of over $100,000 per year, to promote exercise among company staff.[36]
  • Through the Founders Well Participation Program, McClendon was able to purchase a 2.5% interest in every well the company drills. McClendon borrowed as much as $1.1 billion against his 2.5% stake in thousands of company wells from banks that were also lenders to the company.[37] After this potential conflict was made public, the company terminated the Founders Well Participation Program.[38] The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission opened an informal inquiry of McClendon's borrowing practices.[39] However, no enforcement action was taken.[40]

Lobbying

In 2004, then CEO Aubrey McClendon contributed $450,000 to the campaign of Tom Corbett for attorney general of Pennsylvania. These funds were cited as the reason Corbett won the election, with a narrow margin. When Corbett eventually became governor of Pennsylvania, he was very supportive of Chesapeake's fracking activity in Pennsylvania, and Pennsylvania was the only state without a severance tax on drillers, despite the fact that the budget for education was being reduced.[41]

In 2008, then CEO Aubrey McClendon formed American Clean Skies Foundation, a non-profit foundation focused on selling the virtues of natural gas. The foundation was funded by the company and by McClendon. The foundation was criticized for doing nothing but pushing Congress to pass policies that benefited the company and McClendon's business interests.[42]

Environmental damage

Discharges of fill material

In 2013, the Environmental Protection Agency levied a fine of $3.2 million on a subsidiary of the company and forced it to spend $6.5 million "to restore 27 sites damaged by unauthorized discharges of fill material into streams and wetlands".[43]

2011 well blowout

On April 19, 2011, due to a failed seal assembly in a wellhead, the company lost control of a natural gas well in Bradford County, Pennsylvania that was being fracture stimulated, causing a large spill of salt water and chemicals, such as 2-butoxyethanol and methanol, into the surrounding countryside.[44][45][46] By April 22, 2011, the leak had been stemmed.[47] Maryland announced its intention to sue the company for violation of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act and the Clean Water Act since fracking fluids from the well blowout wound up in the Chesapeake Bay.[48]

2015 landslide

In November 2015, the company was fined $1.4 million in Pennsylvania for a landslide caused by the company in 2011 that resulted in clogged waterways.[49][50]

Awards and recognition

In 2007, the company was named the “Best Managed Oil-and-Gas Company” by Forbes.[51]

In 2009, S&P Global Platts named the company as the Energy Producer of the Year and it received the Industry Leadership Award. The company was also a finalist in the Deal of the Year, CEO of the Year, and Community Development Program of the Year categories.[52] In 2012, the company received an Award of Excellence.[53]

In 2010, Shaleplay, the company's corporate band, won first place in the Fortune Battle of the Corporate Bands.[54]

In 2014, the company was ranked 51st on the 100 Best Companies to Work by Fortune.[55]

Sponsorships

In 2011, Chesapeake Energy agreed to a 12-year naming rights partnership with the Oklahoma City Thunder for naming and branding rights of the Chesapeake Energy Arena at a cost of $3 million per year, with annual increases of 3%.[56]

References

1. ^1 2 3 {{cite web | url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/895126/000089512619000070/chk-20181231_10k.htm | title=Chesapeake Energy 2018 Form 10-K Annual Report | publisher=U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission}}
2. ^{{Cite web | url=http://fortune.com/fortune500/chesapeake-energy/ | title=Fortune 500: Chesapeake Energy | publisher=Fortune}}
3. ^{{cite news | url=https://www.roughneckcity.com/roughneck-city/oilfieldnews/350/the-rise-and-fall-of-wildcatter-aubrey-mcclendon | title=The Rise and Fall of Wildcatter Aubrey McClendon | work=Roughneck City | date=March 2, 2016}}
4. ^{{cite news | url=https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/news/the-big-fracking-bubble-the-scam-behind-the-gas-boom-20120301 | title=The Big Fracking Bubble: The Scam Behind the Gas Boom | work=Rolling Stone | last=Goodell | first=Jeff | date=1 March 2012}}
5. ^1 {{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vy7TBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA40 | title=Oil: A Cultural and Geographic Encyclopedia of Black Gold, Volume 1 | first1=Xiaobing | last1=Li | first2=Michael | last2=Molina | publisher=ABC-CLIO | date=October 14, 2014}}
6. ^{{cite news | url=https://www.ogj.com/articles/print/volume-94/issue-33/in-this-issue/exploration/chesapeake-presses-louisiana-austin-chalk-pace.html | title=Chesapeake presses Louisiana Austin chalk pace | work=Oil & Gas Journal | date=August 12, 1996}}
7. ^{{cite news | url=https://www.moodys.com/research/MOODYS-CONFIRMS-SR-NOTES-OF-CHESAPEAKE-ENERGY-AT-Ba3--PR_15735 | title=MOODY'S CONFIRMS SR. NOTES OF CHESAPEAKE ENERGY AT Ba3 | work=Moody's Corporation | date=December 8, 1997}}
8. ^{{cite news | url=https://newsok.com/article/2933521/chesapeake-joining-sp-500brplaying-to-a-whole-new-crowd | title=Chesapeake joining S&P 500 | last=Wilmoth | first=Adam | work=The Oklahoman | date=March 1, 2006}}
9. ^{{cite news | url=https://blogs.platts.com/2013/03/22/haynesville-bday/ | title=On its fifth anniversary, the Haynesville Shale is still alive but natural gas output is sputtering | last=Spencer | first=Starr | work=S&P Global Platts | date=March 22, 2013}}
10. ^{{cite news | url=https://newsok.com/article/3378441/chesapeake-cng-chopper-born-to-be-wildly-efficient | title=Chesapeake CNG Chopper born to be wildly efficient | last=Zizzo | first=David | work=The Oklahoman | date=June 17, 2009}}
11. ^{{cite news | url=https://www.bizjournals.com/houston/news/2012/06/21/chesapeake-names-archie-dunham.html | title=Chesapeake names Archie Dunham chairman, appoints four to board | first=Olivia | last=Pulsinelli | work=American City Business Journals | date=June 21, 2012}}
12. ^{{cite news | url=https://www.reuters.com/article/chesapeake-midstream/update-2-chesapeake-in-2-billion-midstream-deal-idUSL1E8NBIA120121212 | title=Chesapeake in $2 billion midstream deal | work=Reuters | date=December 11, 2012}}
13. ^{{cite press release | url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20130129006821/en/Chesapeake-Energy-Corporation-Announces-CEO-Succession-Plan | title=Chesapeake Energy Corporation Announces CEO Succession Plan | publisher=Business Wire | date=January 29, 2013}}
14. ^1 2 {{cite news | title=Aubrey McClendon, Ex-Head of Chesapeake Energy, Is Charged With Conspiracy | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/02/business/aubrey-mcclendon-is-charged-with-conspiracy-in-oil-and-natural-gas-bidding.html | first=Clifford | last=Krauss | work=The New York Times | date=March 1, 2016 | subscription=yes}}
15. ^{{cite news | title=Chesapeake Energy hires Anadarko executive as CEO | url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-chesapeake-ceo/chesapeake-energy-hires-anadarko-executive-as-ceo-idUSBRE94J03R20130520 | first=Anna | last=Driver | work=Reuters | date=May 20, 2013}}
16. ^{{cite press release | url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20130703005268/en/Chesapeake-Energy-Corporation-Announces-Sale-Northern-Eagle | title=Chesapeake Energy Corporation Announces Sale of Northern Eagle Ford and Haynesville Shale Assets for Aggregate Proceeds of $1 Billion | publisher=Business Wire | date=July 3, 2013}}
17. ^{{cite press release | title=Chesapeake Energy Corporation Closes Southern Marcellus and Utica Shale Sale; Announes $1 billion Common Stock Repurchase Authorization | url=http://www.chk.com/media/news/press-releases/Chesapeake+Energy+Corporation+Closes+Southern+Marcellus+and+Utica+Shale+Sale+Announces+1+Billion+Common+Stock+Repurchase+Authorization+12+22+2014+ | publisher=Business Wire | date=December 22, 2014}}
18. ^{{cite news | title=Chesapeake to sell midstream assets | url=https://www.bizjournals.com/pittsburgh/news/2014/02/28/chesapeake-to-sell-midstream-assets.html | first=Stephanie | last=Novak | work=American City Business Journals | date=February 28, 2014}}
19. ^{{cite news | url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/business/sns-bc-us--chesapeake-energy-layoffs-20150929-story.html | title=Chesapeake Energy lays off 740 workers companywide | first=TIM | last=TALLEY | agency=Associated Press | publisher=Chicago Tribune | date=September 29, 2015}}
20. ^1 2 3 {{cite news | url=https://www.latimes.com/business/la-sp-sn-okc-aubrey-mcclendon20160302-story.html | title=Energy titan Aubrey McClendon dies in single-car crash a day after being indicted | agency=Associated Press | publisher=Los Angeles Times | date=March 2, 2016}}
21. ^{{cite news | url=https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/03/02/468930105/one-day-after-indictment-former-chesapeake-energy-ceo-dies-in-car-crash | title=One Day After Indictment, Former Chesapeake Energy CEO Dies In Car Crash | first1=MARILYN | last1=GEEWAX | first2=Camila | last2=Domonoske | work=NPR | date=March 2, 2016}}
22. ^{{cite press release | url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/chesapeake-energy-corporation-announces-agreement-to-sell-second-haynesville-shale-acreage-position-for-465-million-300381749.html | title=Chesapeake Energy Corporation Announces Agreement To Sell Second Haynesville Shale Acreage Position For $465 Million | publisher=PR Newswire | date=December 20, 2016}}
23. ^{{cite news | url=https://newsok.com/article/5581451/chesapeake-energy-lays-off-400-employees | title=Chesapeake Energy lays off 400 employees | first=Adam | last=Wilmoth | work=The Oklahoman | date=January 30, 2018}}
24. ^{{cite news | url=https://newsok.com/article/5582438/chesapeake-energy-to-sell-oklahoma-assets-for-500-million | title=Chesapeake Energy to sell Oklahoma assets for $500 million | first=Adam | last=Wilmoth | work=The Oklahoman | date=February 7, 2018}}
25. ^{{Cite news | url=https://www.chron.com/business/energy/article/Chesapeake-WildHorse-complete-3-98-billion-M-A-13580280.php | title=Chesapeake, WildHorse complete $3.98 billion M&A deal | first=Sergio | last=Chapa | work=Houston Chronicle | date=February 1, 2019}}
26. ^{{cite news | url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-chesapeake-land-deals/special-report-chesapeake-and-rival-plotted-to-suppress-land-prices-idUSBRE85O0EI20120625 | title=Special Report: Chesapeake and rival plotted to suppress land prices | first1=Brian | last1=Grow | first2=Joshua | last2=Schneyer | first3=Janet | last3=Roberts | work=Reuters | date=June 25, 2012}}
27. ^{{cite news | url=https://www.reuters.com/article/chesapeake-doj/justice-department-ends-antitrust-probe-of-chesapeake-deals-idUSL2N0NM2VC20140430 | title=Justice Department ends antitrust probe of Chesapeake deals | first=Brian | last=Grow | work=Reuters | date=April 30, 2014}}
28. ^{{cite news | last=Harris | first=Andrew | url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2014-06-05/chesapeake-energy-faces-new-charges-over-michigan-leases | title=Chesapeake Energy Faces New Charges Over Michigan Leases | work=Bloomberg News | date=June 5, 2014}}{{subscription required}}
29. ^{{cite news | last1=Grow | first1=Brian | last2=Schneyer | first2=Joshua | url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-michigan-chesapeake-charges/michigan-ag-charges-chesapeake-with-racketeering-and-fraud-idUSKBN0EG24V20140605 | title=Michigan AG charges Chesapeake with racketeering and fraud | publisher=Reuters | date=June 5, 2014}}
30. ^{{cite news | url=https://www.star-telegram.com/news/business/article60506611.html | title=Chesapeake seeks to move royalty lawsuits to Houston | first=MAX B. | last=BAKER | work=Fort Worth Star-Telegram | date=February 15, 2016}}
31. ^{{cite news | url=https://stateimpact.npr.org/pennsylvania/2013/09/03/chesapeake-energy-agrees-to-pay-7-5-million-to-settle-royalty-lawsuit/ | title=Chesapeake Energy Agrees To Pay $7.5 Million To Settle Royalty Lawsuit | first=MARIE | last=CUSICK | work=NPR | date=September 3, 2013}}
32. ^{{cite news | url=https://www.post-gazette.com/business/powersource/2017/12/26/chesapeake-energy-agrees-to-pay-30m-to-settle-marcellus-shale-royalty-dispute-but-there-s-a-snag/stories/201712260091 | title=Chesapeake Energy agrees to pay $30M to settle shale royalty dispute, but there's a snag | first=ANDREW | last=MAYKUTH | work=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette | date=December 26, 2017}}
33. ^{{cite news | url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/ex-chesapeake-energy-ceo-aubrey-mcclendon-indicted-on-antitrust-charges-1456877558 | title=Aubrey McClendon, former Chesapeake Energy CEO, indicted | first1=Bradley | last1=Olson | first2=Brent | last2=Kendall | first3=Erin | last3=Ailworth | work=The Wall Street Journal | date=March 1, 2016 | subscription=yes}}
34. ^{{cite news | url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/business/ct-aubrey-mcclendon-death-investigation-20160303-story.html | title=Federal authorities seek to dismiss McClendon indictment after fatal crash | work=Chicago Tribune | date=March 3, 2016}}
35. ^1 2 3 {{cite news | title=The Greek tragedy of the billionaire who fracked up Pa. | url=https://www.philly.com/philly/blogs/attytood/The-Greek-tragedy-of-the-billionaire-who-fracked-up-Pa.html | work=Philadelphia Media Network | date=March 3, 2016}}
36. ^1 2 3 {{cite news | url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-chesapeake-mcclendon-profile/special-report-the-lavish-and-leveraged-life-of-aubrey-mcclendon-idUSBRE8560IB20120607 | title=The lavish and leveraged life of Aubrey McClendon | first1=John | last1=Shiffman | first2=Anna | last2=Driver | first3=Brian | last3=Grow | work=Reuters | date=June 7, 2012}}
37. ^{{cite news | last=Lustgarten | first=Abrahm | authorlink=Abrahm Lustgarten | url=https://www.propublica.org/article/chesapeake-energys-5-billion-shuffle | title=Chesapeake Energy’s $5 Billion Shuffle | work=ProPublica | date=March 13, 2014}}
38. ^{{cite press release | title=Chesapeake Energy Corporation’s Board and CEO Aubrey K. McClendon Agree to Negotiate Early Termination of Founder Well Participation Program | url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20120426005814/en/Chesapeake-Energy-Corporation%E2%80%99s-Board-CEO-Aubrey-K. | publisher=Business Wire | date=April 26, 2012}}
39. ^{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/27/business/energy-environment/chesapeake-energy-to-end-chiefs-compensation-plan.html | title=Trouble With the Top Man | work=The New York Times | date=April 26, 2012 | subscription=yes}}
40. ^{{cite news | url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-chesapeake-investigation-sec/sec-ends-probe-of-chesapeake-ex-ceo-mcclendon-no-action-planned-idUSBREA4700S20140508 | title=SEC ends probe of Chesapeake, ex-CEO McClendon; no action planned | first=Anannya | last=Pramanick | work=Reuters | date=May 7, 2014}}
41. ^{{cite news | url=https://thinkprogress.org/pa-gov-corbett-slashes-education-and-health-care-refuses-to-tax-natural-gas-drilling-87a34f34cce3/ | title=PA Gov. Corbett Slashes Education and Health Care, Refuses To Tax Natural Gas Drilling | work=Think Progress | date=July 2, 2011}}
42. ^{{cite news | title=Aubrey McClendon's energy 'education' campaign | url=https://www.eenews.net/stories/63718/print | first=Dina | last=Cappiello | work=Environment & Energy Publishing | date=April 24, 2008}}
43. ^{{cite press release | url=https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/energy-company-pay-32-million-penalty-resolve-clean-water-violations-west-virginia | title=Energy Company to Pay $3.2 Million Penalty to Resolve Clean Water Violations in West Virginia | publisher=United States Department of Justice | date=December 19, 2013}}
44. ^{{cite news | url=https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/gwire/2011/05/04/04greenwire-pa-well-blowout-tests-natural-gas-industry-on-36297.html | title=Pa. Well Blowout Tests Natural Gas Industry on Voluntary Fracking Disclosure | first=Mike | last=Soraghan | work=The New York Times | date=May 4, 2011}}
45. ^{{cite news | url=https://www.propublica.org/article/response-to-pa-gas-well-accident-took-13-hours-despite-state-plan-for-quick | title=Response to Pa. Gas Well Accident Took 13 Hours Despite State Plan for Quick Action | first=Nicholas | last=Kusnetz | work=ProPublica | date=April 26, 2011}}
46. ^{{cite web | title=ATGAS Initial Site Characterization Report | url=http://www.chk.com/news/documents/atgas_initial_site_characterization_report_final_08292011.pdf | work=SAIC Energy | date=August 30, 2011}}
47. ^{{cite news | url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-chesapeake-blowout/chesapeake-stems-flow-from-blown-pennsylvania-gas-well-idUSTRE73K5OH20110422 | title=Chesapeake stems flow from blown Pennsylvania gas well | first=Edward | last=McAllister | work=Reuters | date=April 22, 2011}}
48. ^{{cite news | url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-energy-pennsylvania-lawsuit/maryland-prepares-lawsuit-over-pa-gas-drilling-effect-on-water-idUSTRE7437OR20110504 | title=Maryland prepares lawsuit over PA gas drilling effect on water | first=Dave | last=Warner | work=Reuters | date=May 4, 2011}}
49. ^{{cite news | title=Chesapeake unit to pay $1.4 million fine in Pennsylvania | url=https://newsok.com/article/5462542/chesapeake-unit-to-pay-14-million-fine-in-pennsylvania? | first=Paul | last=Monies | work=The Oklahoman | date=November 24, 2015}}
50. ^{{cite web | url=http://pdf.secdatabase.com/1224/0000895126-16-000395.pdf | title=McKesson Corp, Form 10-K, Annual Report, Filing Date Feb 25, 2016 | publisher=secdatabase.com | date=February 25, 2016}}
51. ^{{cite press release | title=Chesapeake Energy Corporation Named Forbes’ Best Managed Oil and Gas Company | url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20070117005039/en/Chesapeake-Energy-Corporation-Named-Forbes-Managed-Oil | publisher=Business Wire | date=January 17, 2007}}
52. ^{{cite web | title=Congratulations 2009 Winners | url=https://geaweb.platts.com/Winners/Winners2009 | publisher=S&P Global Platts | year=2010}}
53. ^{{cite web | url=https://geaweb.platts.com/Winners/winners2012 | title=Platts 2012 Global Energy Awards--Winners | publisher=S&P Global Platts}}
54. ^{{cite press release | url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20101005005634/en/Chesapeake-Energy-Corporation%E2%80%99s-Corporate-Band-Wins-Place | title=Chesapeake Energy Corporation Named Forbes’ Best Managed Oil and Gas Company | publisher=Business Wire | date=October 5, 2010}}
55. ^{{cite web | url=http://archive.fortune.com/magazines/fortune/best-companies/2014/list/ | title=Best Companies to Work For 2014 | publisher=Fortune}}
56. ^{{cite press release | url=https://www.nba.com/thunder/news/release_arena_110721.html | title=OKC Arena to be Renamed Chesapeake Energy Arena | publisher=National Basketball Association | date=July 22, 2011}}

External links

{{Finance links
| name = Chesapeake Energy
| google = CHK
| yahoo = CHK
| bloomberg = CHK:US
| symbol = CHK
| sec_cik = CHK
}}{{Oklahoma City companies}}

7 : 1989 establishments in Oklahoma|Companies based in Oklahoma City|Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange|Energy companies established in 1989|Natural gas companies of the United States|Non-renewable resource companies established in 1989|Petroleum in Oklahoma
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