| 词条 | Franco-Italian Agreement of 1935 |
| 释义 |
The Franco-Italian Agreements (often called Mussolini-Laval Accord) were signed in Rome by both French Foreign Minister Pierre Laval and Italian Prime Minister Benito Mussolini on 7 January 1935. HistoryAfter its victory in World War I, it was agreed that Italy would not receive territories from the defeated German colonial empire. It was divided between France and the United Kingdom, but Italy would be rewarded some bordering areas from the British and French colonial empires. That was considered by Italians to be very little compensation for their sacrifices in the bloody war, which was one of the reasons of the rise to power in Italy of Mussolini's fascism. The British ceded Oltre Giuba from Kenya to Italian Somalia in 1925, but the French delayed some years until 1935, under Laval's leadership, and gave only a small amount of territory in eastern Africa and a desert area in the French Sahara. Laval had succeeded Louis Barthou as Foreign Minister after the latter's assassination in Marseilles on October 9, 1934, along with King Alexander I of Yugoslavia. Laval borrowed the idea of his predecessor of a system of collective security to contain the threat of Hitler in Europe. On January 4, 1935, Laval went to Rome, the capital of Italy, to meet Mussolini. It was the beginning of a diplomatic offensive intended to contain Hitler's Germany by a network of alliances. He proposed a treaty to Mussolini to define disputed parts of French Somaliland (now Djibouti) as part of Eritrea, redefine the official status of Italians in French Tunisia and give Italy a mainly-free hand to occupy Ethiopia during the Abyssinia Crisis. Italy was also to receive the Aouzou Strip, which was to be moved from French-ruled Chad to Italian-ruled Libya (that issue would have some implications in World War II and in Toyota War between Libya and Chad). In exchange for those concessions, France hoped for Italian support against German aggression, which did not occur. The agreements were confirmed by a law of the French parliament on March 26, 1935.[1] However, the Italian parliament failed to do the same, as they were judged as too "minimal" by not including French Tunisia, Corsica and Nice.[2] Main agreementsThe accord had the following main agreements:
References1. ^7 janvier 1935 - Accord franco-italien (Laval-Mussolini) (extrait in french) 2. ^XXIX Legislatura del Regno d'Italia (in Italian) Sources
See also
8 : Modern history of Italy|1935 in Italy|1935 in France|Interwar period treaties|Treaties concluded in 1935|Treaties of the French Third Republic|Treaties of the Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)|France–Italy relations |
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