| 词条 | Frank Buckles |
| 释义 |
|name = Frank Woodruff Buckles |birth_name = Wood Buckles |birth_date = {{birth date|1901|2|1}} |death_date = {{death date|2011|2|27}} (aged {{age in years and days|1901|2|1|2011|2|27}}) |image = Frank Buckles March 6, 2008.jpg |alt= |caption = Mr. Frank Woodruff Buckles on March 6, 2008 |birth_place = Bethany, Missouri, U.S. |death_place = Charles Town, West Virginia, U.S. |placeofburial = Arlington National Cemetery |allegiance = {{flag|United States of America|1912|size=23px}} |branch = United States Army |serviceyears = August 1917{{spaced ndash}}November 1919[1] |rank = Corporal |servicenumber = 15577[2] |unit = 1st Fort Riley Casual Detachment |commands = |battles = World War I (soldier) World War II (civilian POW)
|awards = World War I Victory Medal Occupation of Germany Medal French Legion of Honor |signature=Frank Buckles Signature.svg |spouse=Audrey Mayo (wife) |relations=Susannah Buckles Flanagan (daughter) James C. Buckles (father) Theresa J. Buckles (mother) |website=http://www.frankbuckles.org/ }} Frank Woodruff Buckles (born Wood Buckles, February 1, 1901{{spaced ndash}}February 27, 2011) was a United States Army corporal and the last surviving American military veteran of World War I. He enlisted in the U.S. Army in 1917 at the age of 16 and served with a detachment from Fort Riley, driving ambulances and motorcycles near the front lines in Europe. During World War II, a month before his forty-first birthday, he was captured by Japanese forces while working in the shipping business, and spent three years in the Philippines as a civilian prisoner. After the war, Buckles married in San Francisco and moved to Gap View Farm near Charles Town, West Virginia. A widower at age 98, he worked on his farm until the age of 105. In his last years, he was Honorary Chairman of the World War I Memorial Foundation. As chairman, he advocated the establishment of a World War I memorial similar to other war memorials in Washington, D.C.. Toward this end, Buckles campaigned for the District of Columbia War Memorial to be renamed the National World War I Memorial. He testified before Congress in support of this cause, and met with President George W. Bush at the White House. Buckles was awarded the World War I Victory Medal at the conclusion of that conflict, and the Army of Occupation of Germany Medal retroactively following the medal's creation in 1941, as well as the French Legion of Honor in 1999. His funeral was on March 15, 2011, at Arlington National Cemetery, with President Barack Obama paying his respects prior to the ceremony with full military honors. Early life and educationBuckles was born to James Clark Buckles, a farmer, and Theresa J. Buckles (née Keown) in Bethany, Missouri, on February 1, 1901.[3][4] He had two older brothers, Ashman and Roy, and two older sisters, Grace and Gladys.[5][6] Several family members lived long lives; he remembered speaking with his grandmother who was born in 1817, and his father lived to be 94.[7][8] His ancestry included soldiers of the Revolutionary and Civil Wars.[9] In 1903, Frank—then known as Wood—and his brother Ashman contracted scarlet fever.[10] Frank survived, but Ashman died from the disease at the age of four.[9] Between 1911 and 1916, Buckles attended school in Walker, Missouri.[12] Later, he and his family moved to Oakwood, Oklahoma, where he continued his schooling and worked at a bank.[9][10] He was an amateur wireless operator, and an avid reader of newspapers.[11] During and after World War IIAs of 1940, Buckles had been employed by the White Star, American President, and W.R. Grace shipping companies, and in that year shipping business took him to Manila in the Philippines.[12][17][13] After the outbreak of the Pacific War and the invasion of the Philippines, he reportedly remained in Manila to help resupply U.S. troops.[14][15] He was captured in January 1942 by Japanese forces, and spent the next three years and two months as a civilian internee in the Santo Tomas and Los Baños prison camps.[16][17] As a prisoner, he battled starvation, receiving only a small meal of mush served in a tin cup—a utensil he kept for the rest of his life.[18] With a weight below {{convert|100|lb}}, Buckles developed beriberi, and led fellow captives in calisthenics to counter the effects of imprisonment.[19][16] Their captors showed little mercy, but Buckles was allowed to grow a small garden, which he often used to help feed children who were imprisoned there.[20][19] All of the captives were freed following a raid by Allied forces on February 23, 1945.[17][21] Before the war he had become fluent in German, Spanish, Portuguese, and French,[11][31] and by its end had learned some Japanese.[22] After World War II, Buckles moved to San Francisco and married Audrey Mayo in 1946.[23][9] Eight years later, the couple bought the {{convert|330|acre|km2|adj=on}} Gap View Farm in West Virginia where they raised cattle.[24][25] Ancestors named Buckles had settled near Gap View Farm centuries earlier.[23] In 1955, their only child, Susannah, was born.[25] By then, the world traveller had settled down to a life of farm activities, social events, and serving as an officer (eventually president) of the county historical society.[23][40] Audrey Buckles died in 1999, and their daughter moved back to the farm to care for him.[9] Active centenarianAfter the start of the 21st century, Buckles continued living near Charles Town, West Virginia, and was still driving a tractor on his farm at age 103.[12] He stated in an interview with The Washington Post on Veterans' Day 2007 that he believed the United States should not go to war "unless it's an emergency".[26] He has also stated that, "If your country needs you, you should be right there, that is the way I felt when I was young, and that's the way I feel today."[27] When asked the secret of long life, Buckles replied that being hopeful and not hurrying were key traits, adding: "When you start to die ... don't".[28] In another interview, the centenarian talked about genetics, exercise, and a healthy diet, but put "the will to survive" above everything else.[25] Buckles joined actor Gary Sinise in 2007 to lead a Memorial Day parade,[29] and that evening his life was featured on NBC Nightly News.[30] With the death of 108-year-old Harry Richard Landis in February 2008, Buckles became the last surviving American veteran of World War I.[31] The following month, he met with United States President George W. Bush at the White House.[32] The same day, he attended the opening of a Pentagon exhibit featuring photos of nine centenarian World War I veterans, with Defense Secretary Robert Gates in attendance.[33][34] That summer, he visited wounded soldiers at Walter Reed Army Medical Center.[12] Buckles was the Honorary Chairman of the World War I Memorial Foundation,[35] which seeks refurbishment of the District of Columbia War Memorial and its establishment as the National World War I Memorial on the National Mall. He was named ABC's World News Tonight's "Person of the Week" on March 22, 2009, in recognition of his efforts to set up the memorial.[36] Those efforts continued, as Buckles appeared before Congress on December 3, 2009, advocating on behalf of such legislation.[31][37][38][39] He did so as the oldest person who ever testified before Congress.[20] On Armistice Day (i.e. Veterans Day) of 2010, he made a further appeal: We still do not have a national memorial in Washington, D.C. to honor the Americans who sacrificed with their lives during World War I. On this eve of Veterans Day, I call upon the American people and the world to help me in asking our elected officials to pass the law for a memorial to World War I in our nation's capital. These are difficult times, and we are not asking for anything elaborate. What is fitting and right is a memorial that can take its place among those commemorating the other great conflicts of the past century. On this 92nd anniversary of the armistice, it is time to move forward with honor, gratitude, and resolve.[40][41] Passage of the legislation remained in doubt, because opponents sought relocation of the proposed monument, or alternatively some benefit for the District of Columbia.[42][43] As of July 2013, U.S. Senator Pat Toomey was concerned that such a memorial would lead to the National Mall becoming "cluttered".[44] Ultimately, the World War I Memorial was approved for a nearby site, with construction set to begin in 2018.[45] A Freemason and longtime Shriner, Buckles was a member of the Osiris Shriners of Wheeling, West Virginia, and he became "the oldest Shriner in Shrinedom".[46][47] Other interests of his included genealogy; he had been a member of the West Virginia Society of the Sons of the American Revolution since 1935,[48] and was active for many years in the Sons of Confederate Veterans.[49][50] He was a Life Member of the National Rifle Association.[51] On February 1, 2010—Buckles' 109th birthday—his official biographer, David DeJonge, announced a forthcoming documentary about him, entitled "Pershing's Last Patriot", described as a cumulative work of interviews and vignettes.[52][53][54] DeJonge estimated a 2011 release for the documentary,[54] and actor Richard Thomas is expected to narrate the film.[55] In late 2010, Buckles was still giving media interviews[56] and became a supercentenarian upon his 110th birthday, on February 1, 2011. On February 27, 2011, Buckles died of natural causes at his home at the age of 110 years and 26 days.[57] He was the second-oldest living man in the United States at the time of his death (Walter Breuning died 46 days later).[58] Commemoration and funeral{{multiple image|direction = vertical |width = 200 |align=right |image1 = Frank Buckles lying in state - Memorial Amphitheater Chapel - Arlington National Cemetery - 2011.jpg |caption1 = Lying in honor at Arlington National Cemetery, guarded by a 3rd Infantry Regiment soldier |image2 = Obama Buckles.jpg |caption2 = US President Barack Obama and Vice President Joe Biden pay respects to Buckles' family |image3 = BucklesMarker.jpg |caption3 = Buckles' Arlington grave marker}} Buckles did not meet the criteria for burial at Arlington National Cemetery as he had never been in combat, but friends and family secured special permission from the federal government in 2008.[59] That was accomplished with the help of Ross Perot, who had met him at a history seminar in 2001, and who intervened in 2008 with the White House regarding a final resting place.[60] Upon Buckles' death on February 27, 2011, President Barack Obama ordered that the American flag be flown at half-staff on all government buildings, including the White House and U.S. embassies, on the day in March when Buckles would be buried at Arlington.[61] Leading up to the March 15 funeral, the governors of 16 states likewise called for lowering their states' flags to half-staff.{{#tag:ref|The state governors issuing proclamations were West Virginia acting-Governor Earl Ray Tomblin,[62] Missouri Governor Jay Nixon,[63] Pennsylvania Governor Tom Corbett,[64] North Carolina Governor Bev Perdue,[65] Nebraska Governor Dave Heineman,[66] North Dakota Governor Jack Dalrymple,[67] Maine Governor Paul LePage,[68] Iowa Governor Terry Branstad,[69] Hawaii Governor Neil Abercrombie,[70] Maryland Governor Martin O'Malley,[71] Connecticut Governor Dan Malloy,[72] Kansas Governor Sam Brownback,[73] Alaska Governor Sean Parnell,[74] Ohio Governor John Kasich,[75] South Dakota Governor Dennis Daugaard,[76] and Nevada Governor Brian Sandoval.[77] |group="nb"}} The United States Senate passed a resolution on March 3, 2011, honoring "the last veteran to represent the extraordinary legacy of the World War I veterans".[78] Concurrent resolutions were proposed in both the Senate and the House of Representatives for Buckles to lie in honor in the United States Capitol rotunda. However, that plan was blocked by Speaker of the House John Boehner and Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid. When asked for explanation, their spokesmen would not elaborate on reasons for the decision.[79][80] Boehner and Reid instead advocated a ceremony in the Amphitheater of Arlington National Cemetery.[81] Various people had supported a rotunda ceremony, including Buckles' daughter,[82] a great-grandson of Sir Winston Churchill,[83] and former Republican Party presidential nominee Bob Dole.[84] Faculty and students at Buckles' high school in Missouri gathered to honor him on March 8, 2011.[85][86] His home church in Charles Town held a memorial service, attended by the Episcopal bishop of West Virginia, members of Buckles' family and others.[22] On March 12, 2011, a ceremony was held at the Liberty Memorial in Kansas City, Missouri, to honor Buckles and the "passing of the Great War generation".[87] The keynote speaker was former Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Richard Myers.[88] A ceremony at Arlington National Cemetery's Memorial Amphitheater Chapel preceded the interment on March 15.[89][90] During the ceremony prior to burial, President Barack Obama and Vice President Joe Biden paid their respects and met with the family.[91] Buckles' flag-draped coffin was borne to the burial plot on a horse-drawn caisson, and the folded flag was handed to his daughter by United States Army Vice Chief of Staff General Peter W. Chiarelli.[92] Buckles was buried with full military honors in Section 34, near General of the Armies John J. Pershing.[89] Reporter Paul Duggan of The Washington Post summed up the occasion: The hallowed ritual at grave No. 34-581 was not a farewell to one man alone. A reverent crowd of the powerful and the ordinary—President Obama and Vice President Biden, laborers and store clerks, heads bowed—came to salute Buckles's deceased generation, the vanished millions of soldiers and sailors he came to symbolize in the end.[93] In Martinsburg, West Virginia, on March 26, 2011, a candlelight vigil was held in memory of Buckles.[94] Attendees made donations for a planned statue of him in Charles Town.[95] In addition to being the last U.S. veteran of World War I, Buckles was the oldest World War I veteran in the world at the time of his death, as well as the last field veteran of the war.[96] Following his death and funeral, there were two surviving World War I veterans, British-born Florence Green and British Australian citizen Claude Choules, both of whom served in the British Armed Forces.[97] Choules died on May 5, 2011;[98] Green died on February 4, 2012.[99] Honors and awards{{multiple image|direction = vertical |width = 200 |align=left |image2 = Frank Buckles Army Ribbons.PNG |image1 = Gates-Buckles.jpg |caption1 = Above: With Defense Secretary Robert Gates in 2008 Below: Buckles' U.S. Army and French Legion of Honour ribbons}} For his service during World War I, Buckles received, from the United States government, the World War I Victory Medal and four Overseas Service Bars. He also qualified for the Army of Occupation of Germany Medal due to his postwar service in Europe during the year 1919, and received that medal after it was created in 1941.[100] Buckles did not qualify for the Prisoner of War Medal, because he was a civilian at the time of his imprisonment by the Japanese.[101] As a resident of Jefferson County, West Virginia, he was involved for many years with the Jefferson County Historical Society (including as President from 1960 to 1964). In 1981, the honor of Emeritus Officer was conferred upon him by that organization.[102] In 1999, French president Jacques Chirac awarded him France's Legion of Honour, for his service during World War I.[103] In 2007, the United States Library of Congress included Buckles in its Veterans History Project (VHP). He conducted three oral history interviews, given when he was 100, 103, and 107 years old.[104] Information about Buckles' experiences in both world wars is available from the VHP, including a 148-minute video interview.[105] In 2008, a section of West Virginia Route 9, which passes by his Gap View Farm home, was named in his honor by West Virginia Governor Joe Manchin.[10] The following month, Buckles received the Veterans of Foreign Wars' Gold Medal of Merit at the Liberty Memorial. Also in 2008, he sat for a portrait to be displayed at the National World War I Museum.[106] Buckles received the Scottish Rite of Freemasonry's Knight Commander of the Court of Honour (KCCH) in September 2008.[107]{{Clear}} See also{{Portal|Biography|United States Army|World War I}}
Notes1. ^{{cite web|date=November 13, 1919 |accessdate=October 7, 2012 |url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/diglib/vhp-stories/story/loc.natlib.afc2001001.01070/enlarge?ID=pm0004001&page=1&size=1024 |title=Honorable Discharge |work=United States Army |publisher=Library of Congress |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121007091422/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/diglib/vhp-stories/story/loc.natlib.afc2001001.01070/enlarge?ID=pm0004001&page=1&size=1024 |archivedate=October 7, 2012 }} 2. ^{{Cite news|author=Smith, Vicki|date=February 28, 2011|accessdate=April 3, 2011|url=http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Latest-News-Wires/2011/0228/Last-WWI-veteran-from-US-dies-in-W.-Va|title=Last WWI veteran from US dies in W. Va.|work=The Christian Science Monitor|publisher=Christian Science Publishing Society}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?db=1910USCenIndex&indiv=try&h=195068241|title=1910 United States Census|work=United States Census|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=April 3, 2011}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?db=1920usfedcen&indiv=try&h=105133478|title=1920 United States Census|work=United States Census|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=April 3, 2011}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://search.ancestry.com/iexec/?htx=List&dbid=5445&offerid=0%3a7858%3a0|title=1890 United States Census|work=United States Census|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=April 6, 2011}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?db=1900usfedcen&indiv=try&h=29527022|title=1900 United States Census|work=United States Census|publisher=Ancestry.com|year=1900|accessdate=April 3, 2011}} 7. ^{{Cite news|author=Infield, Tom|date=February 1, 2009|accessdate=April 4, 2011|url= http://www.philly.com/philly/news/20090201__Our_last_living_link__to_WWI.html |title='Our last living link' to WWI |work=The Philadelphia Inquirer|publisher=Philadelphia Media Network}} 8. ^https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/19271148 9. ^1 2 3 {{Cite news|author=Duggan, Paul|date=February 28, 2011|accessdate=April 3, 2011|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2011/02/28/AR2011022800165.html|title=Last U.S. World War I veteran Frank W. Buckles dies at 110|work=The Washington Post }} 10. ^1 {{Cite news|author=McLellan, Dennis|date=March 1, 2011|accessdate=April 3, 2011|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2011/mar/01/local/la-me-buckles-20110228|title=Frank Buckles dies at 110; last American veteran of World War I|work=Los Angeles Times }} 11. ^1 {{Cite news|author=Arnold, Laurence|date=February 28, 2011|accessdate=April 6, 2011|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-02-28/frank-buckles-last-known-american-veteran-of-wwi-dies-at-110.html|title= Frank Buckles, Last Known American Veteran of WWI, Dies at 110|work=Bloomberg|publisher=Bloomberg L.P.}} 12. ^1 2 {{cite web|date=June 25, 2008|accessdate=April 3, 2011|url=http://www.wramc.amedd.army.mil/NewsAndEvents/media/Lists/wrnews/DispForm.aspx?ID=44|title=Last Living World War I Veteran to visit Walter Reed AMC|publisher=Walter Reed Army Medical Center|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722175711/http://www.wramc.amedd.army.mil/NewsAndEvents/media/Lists/wrnews/DispForm.aspx?ID=44|archivedate=July 22, 2011|df=}} 13. ^{{Cite news|date=February 28, 2011|accessdate=April 3, 2011|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2011/02/28/national/main20037215.shtml|title=Frank Buckles, last living U.S. WWI vet, dies|work=CBS News|publisher=CBS}} 14. ^{{Cite news |author=Hughey, Ray |title=Honor, Heroism & History |url=http://www.canbyherald.com/news/2011/April/28/Local.News/honor.heroism.history/news.aspx |work=Canby Herald |quote=Frank was working in Manila when the Japanese invaded the Philippines in 1941. He spent three years in a Japanese concentration camp after he was captured smuggling supplies to U.S. troops on Corregidor. |date=April 28, 2011 |accessdate=April 28, 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110507165716/http://canbyherald.com/news/2011/April/28/Local.News/honor.heroism.history/news.aspx |archivedate=May 7, 2011 |df= }} 15. ^{{Cite news|author=Belisles, Richard |url=http://articles.herald-mail.com/2011-02-28/news/28640355_1_frank-buckles-gap-view-farm-susannah-buckles-flanagan|title=As tributes pour in, friends remember Frank Buckles|work=The Herald-Mail |date=February 28, 2011|quote=Amoroso said Buckles told him that Gen. Douglas McArthur, commander of American forces in the Philippines in 1941, asked that crew members of the cargo ships remain because their ships would be needed to resupply his troops. Buckles ignored his captain's pleas to leave with the ship and ended up being captured, Amoroso said. |publisher=Schurz Communications |accessdate=May 3, 2011}} 16. ^1 {{Cite news|author=Rubin, Richard|date=December 12, 2007|accessdate=April 3, 2011|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/12/opinion/12rubin.html|title=Over There – and Gone Forever|work=The New York Times |authorlink=Richard Rubin (writer)}} 17. ^1 {{cite web|date=December 19, 2001|accessdate=April 3, 2011|url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/diglib/vhp-stories/story/loc.natlib.afc2001001.01070/pageturner?ID=pm0008001&page=12|title=Transcript of interview|publisher=Library of Congress}} 18. ^{{Cite news|author=Lorge, Elizabeth M.|date=May 7, 2008|accessdate=April 3, 2011|url=http://www.army.mil/-news/2008/03/07/7805-army-salutes-last-doughboy/|title=Army Salutes Last Doughboy|publisher=Army News Service}} 19. ^1 {{Cite news|author=Razes, Joe|date=August 2009|accessdate=April 13, 2011|url=http://www.americainwwii.com/articles/2009/world-wars.html|title=World Wars Winner|work=America in WWII; The Magazine of a People at War 1941–1945|publisher=310 Publishing|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111002184556/http://www.americainwwii.com/articles/2009/world-wars.html|archivedate=October 2, 2011|df=}} 20. ^1 {{Cite news|author=Olsen, Ken|date=April 1, 2011|accessdate=April 4, 2011|url=http://www.legion.org/magazine/98725/i-never-thought-id-be-last-one|title='I never thought I'd be the last one'|work=The American Legion Magazine|publisher=The American Legion}} 21. ^{{Cite news|author=Stone, Andrea|date=March 27, 2007|accessdate=April 3, 2011|url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2007-03-27-cover-ww1-vet_N.htm?POE=NEWISVA|title=One of the last': WWI vet recalls Great War|work=USA Today }} 22. ^1 2 {{Cite news|url=http://www.herald-mail.com/news/tristate/hm-buckles-honored-at-zion-episcopal-20110316,0,2482317.story|title=Buckles honored at Zion Episcopal|date=March 17, 2011|accessdate=April 3, 2011|work=The Herald-Mail|publisher=Schurz Communications|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110711163237/http://www.herald-mail.com/news/tristate/hm-buckles-honored-at-zion-episcopal-20110316,0,2482317.story|archivedate=July 11, 2011|df=}} 23. ^1 2 3 4 {{Cite news|author=Stone, Andrea|date=February 28, 2011|accessdate=April 3, 2011|url=http://www.aolnews.com/2011/02/28/the-book-on-frank-buckles-americas-last-doughboy/|title=The Book on Frank Buckles: America's Last Doughboy|work=AOL News|publisher=AOL|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110322154140/http://www.aolnews.com/2011/02/28/the-book-on-frank-buckles-americas-last-doughboy/|archivedate=March 22, 2011|df=}} 24. ^{{Cite news|author=Goldstein, Richard|date= February 28, 2011|accessdate=April 3, 2011|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/01/us/01buckles.html?src=mv|title=Frank Buckles, Last World War I Doughboy, Is Dead at 110|work=The New York Times}} 25. ^1 2 {{cite news|author=Henry, Beth|date=February 2, 2010|accessdate=April 3, 2011|url=http://www.armytimes.com/news/2010/02/ap_wwi_buckles_birthday_020210/|title=Last living U.S. World War I vet turns 109|work=The Journal|agency=Associated Press}} 26. ^1 {{Cite news|author=Kunkle, Fredrick|date=November 12, 2007|accessdate=April 3, 2011|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/11/11/AR2007111101576.html|title=World War I Veteran Reflects on Lessons|work=The Washington Post }} 27. ^{{Cite news|author=Couric, Katie|date=February 28, 2011|accessdate=April 17, 2011|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-500803_162-20037716-500803.html|title= Katie Couric's Notebook: Frank Buckles |work=CBS News|publisher=CBS}} 28. ^{{Cite news|author=Mostafavi, Beata|date=April 4, 2010|accessdate=April 3, 2011|url=http://www.mlive.com/news/flint/index.ssf/2010/04/flint_college_students_plan_tr.html|title=Flint college students plan trip to meet America's last living WW1 veteran|work=Flint Journal|publisher=Booth Newspapers}} 29. ^{{Cite news|title=His was the 'war to end all wars'|date=May 28, 2007|accessdate=April 19, 2011|author=Madhani, Aamer|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2007/may/28/nation/na-buckles28|work=Los Angeles Times }} 30. ^{{Cite news|author= Gross, Andy |date= May 28, 2007|accessdate=April 18, 2011|url=http://dailynightly.msnbc.com/2007/05/last_man_standi.html|title= Last man standing |work=NBC News|publisher=NBCUniversal}} 31. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fOmvik_EA0E|title=Americas Last World War I Veteran Frank Buckles |work=NBC News|publisher=YouTube |date=December 3, 2009 |accessdate=April 3, 2011}} 32. ^{{Cite news|author=Courson, Paul|date=March 8, 2008|accessdate=April 3, 2011|url=http://www.cnn.com/2008/US/03/07/war.veteran/index.html|title=Last surviving U.S. World War I vet honored by president|work=CNN|publisher=Turner Broadcasting System}} 33. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.voafanti.com/gate/big5/www.voanews.com/english/news/Last-American-World-War-I-Veteran-Dies-117100373.html|title=Last American World War I Veteran Dies |work=Voice of America|publisher=Federal government of the United States|date=February 28, 2011|accessdate=April 3, 2011}} 34. ^{{cite news|author=Martinez, Luis|url=http://abcnews.go.com/WN/Story?id=4404661|title=Last doughboy gets Presidential 'Thank You'|date=March 6, 2008|accessdate=April 3, 2011 |work=ABC News|publisher=American Broadcasting Company}} 35. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.wwimemorial.org/|title=World War I Memorial Foundation – Rededicate the DC WWI Memorial|publisher=World War I Memorial Foundation|accessdate=April 3, 2011}} 36. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_gE3m1WSitU|title=ABC Nightly News May 22 Frank Buckles 'Person of the week' |work=ABC News|publisher=YouTube|date=March 22, 2009|accessdate=April 3, 2011}} 37. ^{{Cite news|author=Courson, Paul|date=December 3, 2009|accessdate=April 3, 2011|url=http://articles.cnn.com/2009-12-03/politics/world.war.one.memorial_1_frank-buckles-world-war-i-memorial-great-war?_s=PM:POLITICS|title=Last U.S. veteran of World War I testifies for memorial|work=CNN|publisher=Turner Broadcasting System|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121005170956/http://articles.cnn.com/2009-12-03/politics/world.war.one.memorial_1_frank-buckles-world-war-i-memorial-great-war?_s=PM%3APOLITICS|archivedate=October 5, 2012|df=}} 38. ^{{Cite news|author=Henry, Beth |date=December 4, 2009|accessdate=April 3, 2011|url=http://www.journal-news.net/page/content.detail/id/528671.html |title=Buckles seeks dedication of national WWI memorial |work=The Journal}} 39. ^{{Cite journal|title= Hearing Before the Subcommittee on National Parks of the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, United States Senate, One Hundred Eleventh Congress, First Session|page=8|url= 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2011|url=http://whitehouse.blogs.cnn.com/2011/02/28/potus-pays-tribute-to-world-war-i-vet/|title=POTUS pays tribute to World War I vet|work=CNN|publisher=Turner Broadcasting System}} 97. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1361349/Americas-surviving-WW1-veteran-Frank-Buckles-dies-aged-110-years-old.html?ito=feeds-newsxml |title=America's last surviving veteran of World War I dies aged 110 years old|work=Daily Mail |date=February 28, 2011|accessdate=April 3, 2011 |location=London}} 98. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/42908450/ |title=Last World War I combat vet dies in Australia |work=MSNBC |publisher=NBC News |date=May 4, 2011 |accessdate=May 4, 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110506144527/http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/42908450/ |archivedate=May 6, 2011 }} 99. ^{{cite news| url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-norfolk-16929653 | work=BBC News | title='World's last' WWI veteran Florence Green dies aged 110 | date=February 7, 2012}} 100. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5iE6NSWH5eo6IBbgxziKjY2LckPjQ|title= Last surviving World War I soldier, 108, storms US Congress |agency=Agence France-Presse|date= December 3, 2009|accessdate=April 15, 2011}} 101. ^{{cite web|title=Prisoner of War Medal Application|publisher=Archival Reconstruction Service Record of Frank Buckles, Military Personnel Records Center}} 102. ^1 {{Cite news|author=Perks, Doug|url=http://jeffersonhistoricalwv.org/newsletter/Oct07-Guardian.pdf|title='Open to all who have an interest in the history of Jefferson County' -- The first 80 years of the Jefferson County Historical Society|work=The Guardian: Newsletter of the Jefferson County, West Virginia Historical Society|page=4|publisher=The Jefferson County Historical Society|date=October 2007|accessdate=May 1, 2011|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120310001213/http://jeffersonhistoricalwv.org/newsletter/Oct07-Guardian.pdf|archivedate=March 10, 2012|df=}} 103. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2011/02/28/3151262.htm|title=Last US veteran of WWI dies |work= Australian Broadcasting Corporation|date=February 28, 2011|accessdate=April 3, 2011}} 104. ^{{Cite web|url=http://memory.loc.gov/diglib/vhp/story/loc.natlib.afc2001001.01070/|title=Frank Woodruff Buckles collection: Veterans History Project Library of Congress|website=memory.loc.gov|access-date=2017-05-01}} 105. ^{{cite web|url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/diglib/vhp-stories/loc.natlib.afc2001001.01070/|title=Experiencing War: Stories from the Veterans' History Project: Frank Woodruff Buckles|date=May 27, 2007|accessdate=April 3, 2011|work=Veterans History Project of the Library of Congress American Folklife Center|publisher=Library of Congress}} 106. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.kansascity.com/105/story/635720.html |title='Last surviving link' to World War I earns a fitting salute |author=Campbell, Matt |date=May 29, 2008|accessdate=April 3, 2011 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080529225403/http://www.kansascity.com/105/story/635720.html |archivedate = May 29, 2008|work=The Kansas City Star|publisher=The McClatchy Company}} 107. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CREC-2008-09-27/pdf/CREC-2008-09-27-pt1-PgE2090.pdf |title=Congressional Record—Extensions of Remarks|page=E2090|date=September 27, 2008|accessdate=April 3, 2011|publisher=Government Printing Office}} References{{Reflist|30em}}Further reading
External links{{Wikiquote}}{{Commons category}}
17 : 1901 births|2011 deaths|American army personnel of World War I|American Protestants|Burials at Arlington National Cemetery|Legion of Honour recipients|People from Charles Town, West Virginia|People from Dewey County, Oklahoma|People from Bethany, Missouri|Military personnel from Missouri|Sons of the American Revolution|United States Army soldiers|United States Merchant Mariners|American supercentenarians|World War II civilian prisoners held by Japan|Last living survivors|Male supercentenarians |
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