| 词条 | Franz Ehrle |
| 释义 |
| type = cardinal | honorific-prefix = The Most Rev. Lord, His Eminence, | name = Franz Ehrle, S.J. | honorific-suffix = | title = Cardinal Deacon of San Cesareo in Palatio | image = Kardinal Franziskus Ehrle.jpg | image_size = 300px | alt = | caption = | native_name = | native_name_lang = | church = | archdiocese = | province = | metropolis = | diocese = | see = | elected = | term = | quashed = | predecessor = | successor = | opposed = | other_post = Prefect of the Vatican Library (1895-1914) | ordination = 24 September 1876 | ordained_by = | consecration = | consecrated_by = | cardinal = 11 December 1922 | created_cardinal_by = Pope Pius XI | rank = Cardinal Deacon | birth_name = | birth_date = {{Birth date|1845|10|17}} | birth_place = Isny im Allgäu, Kingdom of Württemberg, German Confederation | death_date = {{Death date and age|1934|03|31|1845|10|17}} | death_place = Rome, Kingdom of Italy | buried = Campo Verano | resting_place_coordinates = | nationality = | religion = | residence = | parents = Franz Ehrle & Berta von Frölich | spouse = | children = | occupation = | profession = | education = | alma_mater = Maria Laach Abbey (1868); Ditton Hall, Liverpool, England (1877) | motto = | signature = | signature_alt = | coat_of_arms = | coat_of_arms_alt = | module = | other = }}Franz Ehrle, S.J., (17 October 1845 – 31 March 1934) was a German Jesuit priest and a cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as the Archivist of the Secret Archives of the Vatican, in the course of which he became a leading agent in the revival of Thomism in the teachings of the Catholic Church.[1] Early years and formationHe was born in Isny im Allgäu in the Kingdom of Württemberg, the son of Franz Ehrle, a physician, and Berta von Frölich. He was educated at the Jesuit school Stella Matutina in Feldkirch. He joined the Society of Jesus on 20 September 1861. After completing the two years of his novitiate program of formation at Groheim, Hohenzollern, he followed the course of humanities at the College of Friedricksburg in Münster, and later at the Jesuit college at Maria Laach Abbey, where he studied philosophy (1865–1868). For the regency phase of his training in the Society of Jesus, from 1868-1873 Ehrle was sent to teach at his old secondary school, Stella Matutina, where he taught English, French and philosophy. Because of an anti-Jesuit policy that followed the publication of the Kulturkampf in Germany, Ehrle, along with other German companions, had to carry on his studies abroad. He did his studies in theology at Ditton Hall, the Jesuit seminary in Liverpool, England (1873–1877). After being ordained a priest on 24 September 1876 in Liverpool, Ehrle did pastoral work in a home for the poor at Preston, Lancashire, before being transferred in 1878 to Tervuren, Belgium, where the German Jesuit periodical Stimmen aus Maria-Laach (Voices from Maria Laach) had established its office in exile, to serve as its editor. Working in the Vatican ArchivesWhen Pope Leo XIII opened the Vatican Secret Archives in 1880, Erhle was called to Rome to do some research on the official correspondence between the Holy See and Germany during the Thirty Years War. The work progressed very slowly as a large number of documents had not been properly cataloged. Ehrle got more and more involved, but, responding to Pope Leo's call for a renewal in Thomistic studies, his interests shifted to gathering and cataloging books and manuscripts on scholasticism. To do so he visited other European libraries. Publications began in 1885 with the Bibliotheca Theologiae et Philosophiae Scholasticae selectae (5 volumes). In the beginning of 1890 he began the publication of a Historia Bibliothecae Romanorum Pontificum, a comprehensive history of the papal libraries from both Avignon and Rome. In September of that same year (1890), Ehrle was made a member extraordinary of the Board of Councilors of the Vatican Library, serving from 1890 to 1895, after which he served as its prefect until 1914. In 1898 (30 September-1 October), Ehrle organized an international conference on the preservation of manuscripts at the Swiss Abbey of St Gall. As a result of the conference, a committee was established:
Ehrle published an account of the meeting[2] and the proceedings were also published.[3] This conference was particularly important as the first international meeting of those charged with the preservation of the historical heritage. It was not to be emulated again until the 1930s when the international museum committee of the League of Nations organized conservation conferences in Rome, Paris and Athens. Ehrle resided in Münich from 1918 to 1919. He then returned to Rome to serve as a faculty member of the Pontifical Biblical Institute until 1922 and of the Pontifical Gregorian University. He was promoted to the office of Cardinal Deacon by Pope Pius XI at the papal consistory of 11 December 1922, and given the Titular church of San Cesareo in Palatio. He died on 31 March 1934 in Rome at the age of 88. For the last year of his life, he had been the oldest member of the College of Cardinals. His body was buried in Campo Verano.[4] References1. ^Cardinal Deaconry S. Cesareo in Palatio GCatholic.org 2. ^Franz Ehrle, Die internationale Konferenz in St Gallen am 30 September und 1 October 1898 zur Beratung über die Erhaltung und Ausbesserung alter Handschriften, Centralblatt fur Bibliothekswesen, 16 (1899) 27-51 3. ^Otto Posse, Handschriften-Konservirung nach den Verhandlungen der St Gallener Internationalen Konferenz zur Erhaltung und Ausbesserung alter Handschriften von 1898 sowie der Dresdener Konferenz Deutscher Archivare von 1899, Dresden, 1899 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www2.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1922.htm#Ehrle|work=Carinals of the Holy Roman Church|title=Ehrle, S.J., Franz}} External links
13 : 1845 births|1934 deaths|People from the Kingdom of Württemberg|German Jesuits|19th-century Jesuits|20th-century Jesuits|Pontifical Biblical Institute faculty|Pontifical Gregorian University faculty|Prefects of the Vatican Library|German cardinals|Jesuit cardinals|Burials at Campo Verano|Corresponding Fellows of the Medieval Academy of America |
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