| 词条 | Friedrich Christian, Margrave of Meissen |
| 释义 |
| name = Friedrich Christian | full name = Friedrich Christian Albert Leopold Anno Sylvester Macarius | title = Margrave of Meissen | image = Prince Friedrich Christian of Saxony.jpg | imgwv =190px | reign = | caption = | predecessor =Frederick Augustus III | successor =Maria Emanuel | succession = Head of the Royal House of Saxony | spouse = Princess Elisabeth Helene of Thurn and Taxis | issue = Maria Emanuel, Margrave of Meissen Princess Maria Josepha Princess Anna Albert, Margrave of Meissen Princess Mathilde | house =House of Wettin | father =Frederick Augustus III of Saxony | mother =Archduchess Luise of Austria, Princess of Tuscany | birth_date ={{Birth date|1893|12|31|df=y}} | birth_place = Dresden, German Empire | death_date ={{Death date and age|1968|8|9|1893|12|31|df=y}} | death_place = Samedan, Switzerland | burial_date = | burial_place =Royal Chapel in Königskapelle in Karrösten in North Tyrol | religion = Roman Catholicism |}} Albert Leopold Friedrich Christian Sylvester Anno Macarius, Prince of Saxony, Duke of Saxony, Margrave of Meissen (31 December 1893 – 9 August 1968) was the second son of Frederick Augustus III, the last reigning king of Saxony before the abolition of the monarchy in 1918. Upon his father's death in 1932, he became the head of the Royal House of Saxony. He was Captain à la suite in the Royal Bulgarian Infantry, and Grand Master of the Order of the Rue Crown, and also a Knight in the Order of the Black Eagle and Knight Grand Cross in the Sovereign Military Order of Malta. As head of the House of Wettin after 1932, he styled himself as Friedrich Christian, Margrave of Meissen. LifeHe was born in Dresden, as the second son of King Frederick Augustus III of Saxony and his wife Archduchess Luise, Princess of Tuscany. Friedrich Christian was made a lieutenant in the 1st Royal Saxon Leib-Grenadier Regiment No. 100 at the age of 10, in accordance a family tradition of the House of Wettin. In 1913, he studied at the Military Academy in Dresden. During World War I, he served General Staff on the Western Front. He received several medals for bravery. He was very gifted linguistically and was sent on diplomatic missions to King Alfonso XIII of Spain, to Sultan Mehmed V of Turkey and to Emperor Charles I of Austria. In 1918, Friedrich Christian was one of several candidates to the prospective Kingdom of Lithuania.[1] On 13 November of that year, his father abdicated following the German Empire's defeat in the World War I. Friedrich Christian led the Saxon army home from Belgium and France to Germany, where they demobilized in Fulda. After the end of World War I, he turned to the study of law at the universities of Cologne, Freiburg, Wrocław and Würzburg. The subject of his PhD thesis was Nicholas of Cusa, who contributed significantly to the development of canon law in the late Middle Ages. While studying in Breslau, he was a member of the Catholic student union {{lang|de|KDSt.V. Winfridia}}. However, he resigned his membership in 1928 or 1929, because of substantive disagreement.On 9 February 1920, he joined the KDSt.V. Thuringia Würzburg. Here, he met Elisabeth Helene (1903-1976), a daughter of Albert, 8th Prince of Thurn and Taxis and his wife Archduchess Margarethe Klementine of Austria. Elisabeth Helene was an honorary chairwoman of the Thuringian Lady Student Federation. He married her on 16 June 1923 in Regensburg. After completing his PhD, he became a private teacher of the history of art. Around this time, his father asked him to take up the management of the family holdings in Saxony and Silesia. In 1923, his older brother Crown Prince Georg renounced his succession rights and joined the Jesuit Order. Friedrich Christian thus became heir apparent, and when his father died on 12 February 1932, he succeeded as Head of the Royal House of Saxony In 1933, remembering the prolonged link between the Electorate of Saxony and their country, the Polish Government wanted to propose him to become the new King of Poland, but the rise of Adolf Hitler and the upcoming of World War II prevented this from happening.[2] At time, Friedrich Christian and his family lived in Bamberg, where he led the Knights of St. Mary. In 1937, the family moved to Wachwitz Castle in Dresden-Wachwitz, where they lived until 1945. The castle survived the bombing raids in 1945, and Christian Friedrich took in many survivors. Later that year, the family moved via Hof and Regensburg to Bregenz, where the two youngest children had been living since 1940. Their close connections to the French, they were able, for instance, to arrange permission for Richard Strauss to move to Switzerland. In 1955, their relatives in the Thurn und Taxis family helped them find a new home in the Harlaching borough of Munich. Here Friedrich Christian, together with his sons Albert and Maria Emanuel, the chapter of the Military Order of St. Henry, the Association of People from Dresden, and te Munich chapter of the association of {{lang|de|Heimatvertriebene}} founded the {{lang|de|Studiengruppe für Sächsische Geschichte und Kultur e.V.}} ("Study group for Saxon history and culture"). This study group became one of the largest historical societies in West Germany. Friedrich Christian died on 9 August 1968 at Samedan. He was buried outside the Royal Chapel in Königskapelle in Karrösten in North Tyrol. Marriage and childrenFriedrich Christian married Princess Elisabeth Helene of Thurn and Taxis (1903–1976) on 16 June 1923 at Regensburg. They had five children:
Ancestry{{ahnentafel|collapsed=yes |align=center |boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc; |boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9; |boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc; |boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc; |boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe; |1= 1. Friedrich Christian, Margrave of Meissen |2= 2. Frederick Augustus III of Saxony |3= 3. Archduchess Louise of Austria |4= 4. George of Saxony |5= 5. Infanta Maria Anna of Portugal |6= 6. Ferdinand IV, Grand Duke of Tuscany |7= 7. Princess Alice of Bourbon-Parma |8= 8. John of Saxony |9= 9. Princess Amalie Auguste of Bavaria |10= 10. Ferdinand II of Portugal |11= 11. Maria II of Portugal |12= 12. Leopold II, Grand Duke of Tuscany |13= 13. Princess Maria Antonia of the Two Sicilies |14= 14. Charles III, Duke of Parma |15= 15. Princess Louise of Artois |16= 16. Maximilian, Hereditary Prince of Saxony |17= 17. Princess Caroline of Parma |18= 18. Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria |19= 19. Princess Caroline of Baden |20= 20. Prince Ferdinand of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha |21= 21. Princess Maria Antonia Koháry de Csábrág |22= 22. Pedro I of Brazil and IV of Portugal |23= 23. Archduchess Leopoldina of Austria |24= 24. Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany |25= 25. Princess Luisa of Naples and Sicily |26= 26. Francis I of the Two Sicilies |27= 27. Infanta Maria Isabella of Spain |28= 28. Charles II, Duke of Parma |29= 29. Princess Maria Teresa of Savoy |30= 30. Prince Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry |31= 31. Princess Maria Carolina of Naples and Sicily }} References
External links
Footnotes1. ^Senn (1975), p. 36. {{S-start}}{{S-hou|House of Wettin|31 December|1893|9 August|1968}}{{S-pre}}{{S-bef|before=Friedrich August III}}{{S-tul|title=King of Saxony|years=18 February 1932 – 9 August 1968|reason=Kingdom abolished in 1918}}{{S-aft|after=Maria Emanuel}}{{End}}{{Princes of Saxony}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Friedrich Christian of Meissen, Margrave}}2. ^Le Petit Gotha 7 : Margraves of Meissen|1893 births|1968 deaths|House of Wettin|Saxon princes|People from Dresden|German Roman Catholics |
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