| 词条 | Friedrich Marby |
| 释义 |
Friedrich Bernhard Marby (10 May 1882 – 3 December 1966) was a German rune occultist and Germanic revivalist. He is best known for his revivalism and use of the Armanen runes row. Marby was imprisoned during the Third Reich, which may have been due to a denunciation by Karl Maria Wiligut. According to the Odinist magazine Vor Trú, Marby "was one of the most (if not the most) important figures in the realm of runic sciences" with an impact felt not only by contemporaries but "among today's researchers and practitioners."[1]{{full|date=November 2012}} Early lifeBorn in Aurich, Ostfriesland, Friedrich Marby trained as a printer and served professionally as an editor.[2] Rune scholarshipFrom 1924, he began publishing his theories and research.[2] There was a school of rune scholars who interpreted the Eddas completely in anti-Semitic fashion, but Alan Baker in his book Invisible Eagle singles out Marby as one of the exceptions.[3]{{Page needed|date=April 2011}} Marby, along with Siegfried Adolf Kummer, was criticized by name in a report made to Heinrich Himmler by his chief esoteric runologist, Karl Maria Wiligut. Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke states that Wiligut censured them "for bringing the holy Aryan heritage into disrepute and ridicule", suggesting "this criticism may have led to Marby's harsh treatment in the Third Reich."[2] According to Vor Trú, Marby spent eight years and three months in the camps at Flossenbürg, Welzheim, and Dachau before being released on 29 April 1945.[1]{{full|date=November 2012}} He resumed publishing his magazine Forschung and Erfahung (Research and Experience) and books. He died in 1966.[2] Marby's "runic gymnastics" ({{Interlanguage link multi|Runengymnastik|de}}) was advocated as "Rune-Yoga" (also "Runic Yoga", "Stadhagaldr") by Stephen Flowers ("Edred Thorsson") from the 1980s.[4] References1. ^1 Vor Trú, issue 69. 2. ^1 2 3 {{cite book|last=Goodrick-Clarke|first=Nicholas|authorlink=Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke|title=Occult Roots of Nazism: Secret Aryan Cults and Their Influence on Nazi Ideology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9ZzWRz9x8mwC&pg=PA161|accessdate=26 April 2011|date=September 1993|publisher=NYU Press|isbn=978-0-8147-3060-7|pages=161–162}} 3. ^{{cite book|last=Baker|first=Alan|title=Invisible eagle: the Hidden History of Nazi Occultism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zupdAAAACAAJ|publisher=Virgin|isbn=978-1-85227-863-2}} 4. ^Edred Thorsson, Futhark: A Handbook of Rune Magic, Weiser Books, 1984, p. 15. Edred Thorsson, Rune might: secret practices of the German rune magicians, Llewellyn's Teutonic magick series, 1989. Edred Thorsson, The Truth About Teutonic Magick, Llewellyn's vanguard series, 1994. Later also: L. E. Camp, A Handbook of Armanen Runic-Wisdom: History, World-View, Rune-Yoga, Divination, the Sidereal Pendulum and the Runic-Zodiac, 2005.Criticized by Sweyn Plowright, The Rune Primer, 2006 (esp. pp. 137-139). External links
10 : 1882 births|1966 deaths|Adherents of Germanic neopaganism|Dachau concentration camp survivors|Flossenbürg concentration camp survivors|German neopagans|German occultists|Nazism and occultism|People from Aurich|People from the Province of Hanover |
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