请输入您要查询的百科知识：

　

词条 Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records
释义

  1. User tasks

  2. FRBR entities

  3. Relationships

     Equivalence relationships  Derivative relationships  Descriptive relationships 

  4. See also

  5. References

  6. Further reading

  7. External links

Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR {{IPAc-en|ˈ|f|ɜr|b|ər}}) is a conceptual entity–relationship model developed by the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA) that relates user tasks of retrieval and access in online library catalogues and bibliographic databases from a user’s perspective. It represents a more holistic approach to retrieval and access as the relationships between the entities provide links to navigate through the hierarchy of relationships. The model is significant because it is separate from specific cataloguing standards such as Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules (AACR) or International Standard Bibliographic Description (ISBD).

User tasks

The ways that people can use FRBR data have been defined as follows: to find entities in a search, to identify an entity as being the correct one, to select an entity that suits the user's needs, or to obtain an entity (physical access or licensing).[1]

FRBR entities

FRBR comprises groups of entities:

  • Group 1 entities are work, expression, manifestation, and item (WEMI). They represent the products of intellectual or artistic endeavor.
  • Group 2 entities are person, family and corporate body, responsible for the custodianship of Group 1’s intellectual or artistic endeavor.
  • Group 3 entities are subjects of Group 1 or Group 2’s intellectual endeavor, and include concepts, objects, events, places.

Group 1 entities are the foundation of the FRBR model:

  • Work is a "distinct intellectual or artistic creation."[2] For example, Beethoven's Ninth Symphony apart from all ways of expressing it is a work. When we say, "Beethoven's Ninth is magnificent!" we generally are referring to the work.
  • Expression is "the specific intellectual or artistic form that a work takes each time it is 'realized.'"[2] An expression of Beethoven's Ninth might be each draft of the musical score he writes down (not the paper itself, but the music thereby expressed).
  • Manifestation is "the physical embodiment of an expression of a work. As an entity, manifestation represents all the physical objects that bear the same characteristics, in respect to both intellectual content and physical form."[2] The performance the London Philharmonic made of the Ninth in 1996 is a manifestation. It was a physical embodiment even if not recorded, though of course manifestations are most frequently of interest when they are expressed in a persistent form such as a recording or printing. When we say, "The recording of the London Philharmonic's 1996 performance captured the essence of the Ninth," we are generally referring to a manifestation.
  • Item is "a single exemplar of a manifestation. The entity defined as item is a concrete entity."[2] Each copy of the 1996 pressings of that 1996 recording is an item. When we say, "Both copies of the London Philharmonic's 1996 performance of the Ninth are checked out of my local library," we are generally referring to items.

Group 1 entities are not strictly hierarchical, because entities do not always inherit properties from other entities.[3] Despite initial positive assessments of FRBR clarifying the thoughts around the conceptual underpinnings of works, there has been later disagreement about what the Group 1 entities actually mean.[4] The distinction between Works and Expressions is also unclear in many cases.

Relationships

In addition to the relationships between Group 1 and Groups 2 and 3 discussed above, there are many additional relationships covering such things as digitized editions of a work to the original text, and derivative works such as adaptations and parodies, or new texts which are critical evaluations of a pre-existing text.[5] FRBR is built upon relationships between and among entities. "Relationships serve as the vehicle for depicting the link between one entity and another, and thus as the means of assisting the user to ‘navigate’ the universe that is represented in a bibliography, catalogue, or bibliographic database."[6] Examples of relationship types include, but are not limited to:[7]

Equivalence relationships

Equivalence relationships exist between exact copies of the same manifestation of a work or between an original item and reproductions of it, so long as the intellectual content and authorship are preserved. Examples include reproductions such as copies, issues, facsimiles and reprints, photocopies, and microfilms.

Derivative relationships

Derivative relationships exist between a bibliographic work and a modification based on the work. Examples include:

  • Editions, versions, translations, summaries, abstracts, and digests
  • Adaptations that become new works but are based on old works
  • Genre changes
  • New works based on the style or thematic content of the work

Descriptive relationships

Descriptive relationships exist between a bibliographic entity and a description, criticism, evaluation, or review of that entity, such as between a work and a book review describing it. Descriptive relationships also includes annotated editions, casebooks, commentaries, and critiques of an existing work.

See also

  • BIBFRAME
  • Functional Requirements for Authority Data (FRAD)
  • FRSAD
  • FRBRoo
  • Resource Description and Access (RDA)

References

1. ^https://www.ifla.org/files/assets/cataloguing/frbr/frbr_2008.pdf p.79
2. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|url=http://www.ifla.org/VII/s13/frbr/frbr1.htm#3.2|title=Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records - Final Report - Part 1|publisher=ifla.org|accessdate=15 April 2014}}
3. ^{{cite journal|last1=Renear|first1=Allen H.|last2=Choi|first2=Yunseon|title=Modeling Our Understanding, Understanding Our Models - The Case of Inheritance in FRBR|journal=Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science and Technology|date=10 October 2007|volume=43|issue=1|pages=1–16|doi=10.1002/meet.14504301179}}
4. ^{{cite journal|last1=Floyd|first1=Ingbert|title=Multiple interpretations: Implications of FRBR as a boundary object|journal=Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science and Technology|date=2009|volume=46|issue=1|pages=1–8|doi=10.1002/meet.2009.14504603110}}
5. ^{{cite web|last1=Tillett|first1=Barbara|title=What is FRBR?|url=https://www.loc.gov/cds/downloads/FRBR.PDF|publisher=Library of Congress|accessdate=5 August 2017}}
6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ifla.org/VII/s13/frbr/frbr2.htm#5|title=Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records - Final Report - Part 2|publisher=ifla.org|accessdate=15 April 2014}}
7. ^{{cite web|last=International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions|title=Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records: Final Report|url=http://www.ifla.org/publications/functional-requirements-for-bibliographic-records|accessdate=3 December 2013}}
{{More footnotes|date=September 2011}}

Further reading

  • Karen Coyle, FRBR Before and After, online, CC-BY license. American Library Association, 2015. {{ISBN|978-0-8389-1364-2}}
  • IFLA Study Group on the Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records. Functional requirements for bibliographic records : final report. — München: K.G. Saur, 1998. — (UBCIM publications ; new series, vol. 19). — {{ISBN|3-598-11382-X}}. (Accessed Nov. 6, 2005)
  • {{cite journal|last=Madison|first=Olivia M.A.|title=The IFLA Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records: International Standards for Universal Bibliographic Control|journal=Library Resources and Technical Services|date=July 2000|volume=44|issue=3|series=3|pages=153–159|url=http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/libadmin_pubs/5/|accessdate=16 February 2013|doi=10.5860/lrts.44n3.153}}
  • Tillett, Barbara. [https://www.loc.gov/cds/downloads/FRBR.PDF FRBR: A Conceptual Model for the Bibliographic Universe.] Library of Congress Cataloging Distribution Service, 2004. (Accessed Nov. 6, 2005)

External links

  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20090626072246/http://www.rda-jsc.org/rdaprospectus.html RDA: Resource Description and Access]
  • Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records, International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions
  • [https://liswiki.org/wiki/FRBR FRBR] at LISWiki
  • [https://www.loc.gov/catworkshop/RDA%20training%20materials/LC%20RDA%20Training/FRBR_Module%203_FRBR%20&%20RDA%20&%20MARC/FRBR%20%20RDA%20%20MARC_studentversion_20120818.pdf Library of Congress Training for RDA: Resource Description & Access: FRBR: FRBR, RDA, and MARC]
{{Authority control}}{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Functional Requirements For Bibliographic Records}}

4 : Library cataloging and classification|Library 2.0|Reference models|Year of introduction missing
随便看

　

开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。

　

Copyright © 2023 OENC.NET All Rights Reserved
京ICP备2021023879号 更新时间：2024/9/28 17:37:31