“Fīnau ʻUlukālala”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Fīnau {{okina}}Ulukālala (Hot Headed) was a dynasty of six important hereditary chiefs from Vava{{okina}}u (the Tu{{okina}}i Vava{{okina}}u), currently in the kingdom of Tonga. Started somewhere in the 18th century, died out in 1960. His original estate was Tu{{okina}}anuku, and his nickname and that of the village is Tavakefai{{okina}}ana (a species of tropic bird).

Holders of the title

I ({{okina}}i Ma{{okina}}ofanga)

Although the first Fīnau ({{okina}}Ulukālala I's grandfather, Mataeleha{{okina}}amea), had been a Tu{{okina}}i Kanokupolu (at that time, around 1650, the most powerful royal dynasty of Tongatapu), his father Tu{{okina}}itu{{okina}}i{{okina}}ohu was only a younger brother of Ma{{okina}}afu{{okina}}otu{{okina}}itonga, the next Tu{{okina}}i Kanokupolu. As such Tu{{okina}}itu{{okina}}i{{okina}}ohu tried his luck in Vava{{okina}}u, where he started the dynasty of the Ha{{okina}}a Ngatatupu.

This first Fīnau died in 1797 in Ma{{okina}}ufanga, Tongatapu and is therefore also called Fīnau {{okina}}Ulukālala I {{okina}}i Ma{{okina}}ofanga (the old form of the name of the village). He was succeeded by his eldest son who would die later in Feletoa, Vava{{okina}}u, and as such is sometimes known as Fīnau {{okina}}Ulukālala II {{okina}}i Feletoa, or by his second name: Fangupō.

Feletoa

At the end of the 18th century, due to the unpopularity of the then incumbent Tu{{okina}}i Kanokupolu, Tuku{{okina}}aho, who was a cruel and arbitrary person, Fīnau Feletoa ({{okina}}Ulukālala II) was able to extend his authority to Ha{{okina}}apai as well, which made him the most powerful chief of whole Tonga at that time. Yet it seems not to have been his intention to take Tongatapu too. It was sufficient for him just to keep the chiefs of that island away from interfering with his Ha{{okina}}apai and Vava{{okina}}u. For that he was the main originator of the plan to murder the Tu{{okina}}i Kanokupolu. With a triumvirate comprising him, Tupouniua and Tupouto{{okina}}a the act was done in April 1799 during the yearly {{okina}}inasi (first-fruits offering) to the Tu{{okina}}i Tonga in Mu{{okina}}a.

Unfortunately this did not bring the peace he had hoped for, but started off a civil war in Tonga which would last for the next 50 years or so. Fīnau did not try to conquer Tongatapu, but limited himself to some raids on the island. The most severe one was against Tupoumālohi in his fortress of Nuku{{okina}}alofa in 1807, in which the cannons he got from the Port au Prince were very useful. The writings of his protégé, William Mariner, go into great detail about these happenings and also the personality of this famous warlord.

He was also infamous, however, for the punishment he inflicted on some of his enemies: they were tied to leaking canoes, which were then set adrift at sea, soon to sink with their victims.

Fīnau Fangupō died in 1809 and was succeeded by his son Fīnau {{okina}}Ulukālala Moengangongo who decided to cut all links with the troublesome Tongatapu and ordered that both Ha{{okina}}apai and Vava{{okina}}u should pursue an isolationist policy. If it had not been for the coming of Tāufa{{okina}}āhau I, perhaps Tonga would have ended up as 3 independent nations. Moengangongo had died 2 years later, which is probably the reason that he has not gone into history as {{okina}}Ulukālala III

Tuapasi

Fīnau {{okina}}Ulukālala III, best known in history as Fīnau {{okina}}Ulukālala III {{okina}}i Pouono (the part of Neiafu where he would die), also named Tuapasi. He was the second son of Fīnau Fangupō and became Tu{{okina}}i Vava{{okina}}u (Vava{{okina}}u king) in 1811, although it was not until 1820 before he got all the islands under control. When he died in March 1833 he ceded Vava{{okina}}u to his rearcousin and son in law Tāufa{{okina}}āhau I, as it was clear by then who was the most powerful person in Tonga. It was, after Ha{{okina}}apai, the second island group of Tonga Tāufa{{okina}}āhau obtained in his way towards being king of all Tonga. It was therefore still in Vava{{okina}}u, in fact at Pouono, on 20 November 1839 that Tāufa{{okina}}āhau declared himself king of Tonga and ceded it then to the new Christian god.

Matekitonga

Tupou Toutai Nafetalai Matekitonga was the name of Fīnau {{okina}}Ulukālala IV, the only son of his father, born in the same year (1833) that the latter died. He grew up to be a vassal to Tāufa{{okina}}āhau, fought, for example, in 1853 with him and Cakobau against another Fijian chief, Kamisese and was rewarded with the noble title of {{okina}}Ulukālala when Tāufa{{okina}}āhau, by then known as king Siaosi I, proclaimed the constitution in 1875 and abolished all old chiefly titles and subtitles, except for 20, who were elevated to noble status (and another 10 in 1880). From that time on the proper way to refer to these nobles is by their title only with, if needed, an identifying name between parenthesis after it.

Mīsini

His son Siaosi Fīnau Mīsini succeeded him on his death in 1877 as Fīnau {{okina}}Ulukālala V (Mīsini), and he fulfilled positions like governor of Vava{{okina}}u, several ministerial posts in the young Tongan government and was even regent. He died in 1938.

Ha{{okina}}amea

The last of the dynasty was Siaosi Tangata-{{okina}}o-Ha{{okina}}amea who became {{okina}}Ulukālala VI (Ha{{okina}}amea). As his mother's line died out without successors, he also was installed, later, with the noble title of Ata, from Kolovai. Around 1930 he was interested in marrying Fusipala, the half sister of queen Sālote Tupou. However, Sālote and her consort Tungī Mailefihi did not see this as a deference of the Vava{{okina}}u noble to the throne, but rather as a plot of him to break away from Tonga and to establish an independent Vava{{okina}}u kingdom. They refused. Fusipala died in 1933, unmarried. Siaosi fathered unmarried children and was later married to Amelia Tuna Kaimanu Vaea, they had one adopted daughter, Takukipulotu. The eldest of the unmarried children of 'Ulukalala Ha'amea was a son by the name of Sione Potauaine Kuliha'apai who married twice, his wives named Heu and Mele Liliola who both had issue. One of 'Ulukalala Ha'amea other unmarried children, a daughter by the name 'Eva, who married to noble Ve'ehala, and had issue.

{{okina}}Aho{{okina}}eitu

Siaosi died on 12 September 1960 without a married son. The title {{okina}}Ulukālala, and Ata as well, were then taken away from the original heir by king Tāufa{{okina}}āhau Tupou IV. At the end both were given to the king's youngest son {{okina}}Aho{{okina}}eitu {{okina}}Unuaki{{okina}}otonga Tuku{{okina}}aho (who already had the title Lavaka from Pea, and so ended up with 3 noble titles).

Siaosi Manumataongo

After the death of king Tāufa{{okina}}āhau Tupou IV and the accession of Siaosi Tupou V, {{okina}}Aho{{okina}}eitu became the heir presumptive and had to give up, backdated to 11 September, the title in favour of his son, Siaosi Manumataongo {{okina}}Alaivahamama{{okina}}o {{okina}}Aho{{okina}}eitu Konstantin Tuku{{okina}}aho, who was officially installed to it on 30 September 2006.^[2]

Possible change in succession

In 2012 {{okina}}Aho{{okina}}eitu became King and Siaosi Manumataongo became Crown Prince, so a transfer of the title to Siaosi Manumataongo's brother Viliami or a future son is likely.{{citation needed|date=August 2012}}

References

1. ^{{cite journal|title=Ata, a Tonga Chief|journal=The Wesleyan Juvenile Offering: A Miscellany of Missionary Information for Young Persons|date=December 1853|volume=X|page=132|url=https://archive.org/details/wesleyanjuvenil19socigoog|accessdate=29 February 2016|publisher=Wesleyan Missionary Society}}
2. ^Welcome to the Official Website of the Tongan Monarchy – King and Defence Forces {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070305044302/http://palaceoffice.gov.to/content/view/143/55/ |date=5 March 2007 }}