| 词条 | Gabal Elba |
| 释义 |
| name = Elba Mountain | native_name = جبل علبة | native_name_lang = ar | photo = Elba2.jpg | photo_alt = Gabal Elba | photo_caption = | photo_size = | elevation_m = 1435 | elevation_ref = | prominence_m = | map = |relief=1 | map_alt = | map_caption = Location in Sudan | label_position = left | listing = | location = Egypt | range = | coordinates = {{coord|22|11|16|N|36|22|14|E|type:mountain_region:SD_scale:100000|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | range_coordinates = | coordinates_ref = | topo = | first_ascent = | easiest_route = }} Gabal Elba ({{lang-ar|جبل علبة}} {{transl|arz|Gabal ʿElba }} {{IPA-arz|ˈɡæbæl ˈʕelbæ}}, "Mountain Box") or Elba Mountain is a peak and, in general, includes the associated mountainous area in the Hala'ib Triangle area. Despite being claimed by both Egypt and Sudan, the area is currently under Egyptian control. GeographyThe higher peaks in the area are Gabal Elba itself (1,435 m), Gabal Shellal (1,409 m), Gabal Shendib (1,910 m) and Gabal Shendodai (1,526 m).[1] Average annual rainfall in the region is less than 50 mm, but orographic precipitation in and around Gabal Elba itself amounts to as much as 400 mm. in the upper areas.[2] This phenomenon owes to the vicinity of the Red Sea coast (some 15–30 km east of the mountains) and also to the fact that the coast, slightly curved to the east at this point, presents an unusually broad front to the sea across a 20–25 km strip of relatively flat land[2] which facilitates interception of moisture-laden north-east sea winds. This phenomenon is registered at its best in the northeast of the region, where Gabal Elba is located, which explains the fact that Gabal Elba receives higher precipitation than other coastal mountains in the range, including higher ones. Aridity gradually increases to the southwest of the area.[1] EcologyGabal Elba's summit is a “mist oasis” where much of the precipitation is contributed in the form of dew, mist and clouds, creating a unique ecosystem not found anywhere else in the country. Indeed, Gabal Elba is a "biodiversity hotspot",[3] with a biological diversity unparalleled in any terrestrial environment in Egypt proper. The relative abundance of moisture supports a diverse flora of some 458 plant species – almost 25% of plant species recorded for the entire country. Many Afrotropical elements have their northern limits at Gabal Elba,[2] and the dense cover of acacias and other scrubs represents the only natural woodland in Egypt. There is at least one endemic species of plant (Biscutella elbensis). Gabal Elba National Park{{Main article|Gabal Elba National Park}}The Gabal Elba National Park,[4] declared by Egypt in 1986, covers some 3,560,000 hectares,[1] including most of the disputed Hala'ib Triangle (except its westernmost corner), and an area of comparable size just north of it. It is also known to potentially hold the last population of the Nubian wild ass. However, the purity of these animals is questionable. An African leopard was killed in the protected area of Elba in 2016.[5] References1. ^1 2 {{ cite web | publisher = Birdlife International | url = http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/sites/index.html?action=SitHTMDetails.asp&sid=6209&m=0 | title = EG023: Gabal Elba | year = 2009 | work = Sites - Important Bird Areas (IBAs) | accessdate = 2012-03-17 }} 2. ^1 2 {{ cite web|title=Gebel Elba |publisher=Ministry of State for Environmental Affairs: Nature Conservation Sector |url=http://www.biomapegypt.org/biodiversity/Habitats/GebelElba.html |deadurl=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110201051047/http://www.biomapegypt.org/biodiversity/Habitats/GebelElba.html |archivedate=2011-02-01 |df= }} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.egyptchm.org/chm/biodiversity/doc/Biodiversity1.pdf |title=Biodiversity Conservation Capacity Building in Egypt |publisher=EEAA (Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency) |year=2006 |page=16 |accessdate=2009-03-08 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091104213604/http://www.egyptchm.org/chm/biodiversity/doc/Biodiversity1.pdf |archivedate=November 4, 2009 }} 4. ^{{cite book|title=Identification of Potential Natural Heritage Sites|editor=Ghabbouri, Samir I.|publisher=National UNESCO Commission, Egypt|date=Sep 1997|page=27|url=http://whc.unesco.org/archive/97-gs-arab-nat.pdf|accessdate=2009-03-08}} 5. ^{{Cite journal |last=Soultan |display-authors=etal |first=A. |date=2016 |title=Recent observation for leopard Panthera pardus in Egypt |journal=Mammalia |volume=81 |doi=10.1515/mammalia-2015-0089}} External links
6 : National parks of Egypt|Mountains of Sudan|Mountains of Egypt|Territorial disputes of Egypt|Territorial disputes of Sudan|Red Sea (state) |
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