| 词条 | Galkynysh Gas Field |
| 释义 |
| name = Galkynysh Gas Field | image = | caption = | location_map = Turkmenistan | location_map_width = | location_map_text = | coordinates = {{coord|37.3014|N|62.3586|E|type:landmark_source:kolossus-ruwiki|display=inline,title}} | coordinates_ref = | country = Turkmenistan | region = Mary Province | location = | block = | offonshore = Onshore | operator = Türkmengaz | partners = | contractors = | discovery = 2006 | start_development = | start_production = | peak_year = | abandonment = | peak_of_production_oil_bbl/d = | peak_of_production_oil_tpy = | peak_of_production_gas_mmcuft/d = | peak_of_production_gas_mmscm/d = | peak_of_production_gas_bcm/y = | oil_production_bbl/d = | oil_production_tpy = | production_year_oil = | production_gas_mmcuft/d = | production_gas_mmscm/d = | production_gas_bcm/y = | production_year_gas = | est_oil_bbl = | est_oil_t = | recover_oil_bbl = | recover_oil_t = | est_gas_bft = | est_gas_bcm = 14000 | recover_gas_bft = | recover_gas_bcm = 2800 | formations = }} The Galkynysh Gas Field, formerly known as Iolotan gas field or South Yolotan – Osman field, is a large natural gas field near Ýolöten in Mary Province of Turkmenistan. It is the world's second-largest gas field.[1] HistoryThe discovery of the gas field was announced on 2 November 2006.[2] Late Turkmen president Saparmurat Niyazov invited Chinese CNPC and Turkish Çalik Enerji to participate in the exploration and development of the Ýolöten field.[3] In 2008, the gas field was audited by Gaffney, Cline & Associates.[4][5] According to Gaffney, Cline and Associates (GCA), Galkynysh is five times larger than the Dauletabad gas field and fourth- or fifth-largest gas field in the world.[4] In December 2009, the contracts to develop the field were awarded to CNPC, Hyundai Engineering and Petrofac.[7] In November 2011, the field was renamed as Galkynysh.[5] Production started in September 2013.[6] DescriptionThe gas field ranks among the world's five largest with estimated reserves of between {{convert|4|and|14|e12m3}} of natural gas and proven commercial reserves of {{convert|2.8|e12m3}}.[7][8][9] It lies on {{convert|2700|km2|sqmi}} zone of {{convert|90|km|mi}} in length and {{convert|30|km|mi}} in width in the depth of {{convert|3900|to|5100|m|ft|-2}}.[13] Galkynysh consist of Iolotan, Minara, Osman and Yashlar fields.[5] Other nearby gas areas are Gunorta Garakel, Garakel, Giurgiu, Gazanly, Gundogar Eloten and Gunbatar Yandakly.[10] Oil reserves are 300 million tons. The crude oil extracted at Galkynysh is transported to the Seýdi Oil Refinery. DevelopmentThe field is developed by Türkmengaz. CNPC, Hyundai Engineering and Petrofac built gas processing plants.[11][12] References1. ^{{cite news | url = https://www.economist.com/news/asia/21586304-vast-region-chinas-economic-clout-more-match-russias-rising-china-sinking | title = Rising China, sinking Russia | newspaper = The Economist | date = 2013-09-14 | accessdate = 2016-02-28}} {{Portal|Turkmenistan|Energy}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Galkynysh Gas Field}}2. ^{{cite news |url= http://uk.reuters.com/article/idUKL0283934720061102?sp=true |title= Turkmen leader claims massive new gas find |publisher= Reuters |date= 2006-11-02 |accessdate=2009-07-16}} 3. ^{{cite news|url= http://uk.reuters.com/article/idUKL2177633120061121?sp=true |title= Turkmenistan gives CNPC $152 mln gas drilling deal |publisher= Reuters |date= 2006-11-21 |accessdate=2009-07-16}} 4. ^{{cite news|url= http://www.rferl.org/content/Independent_Audit_Shows_Turkmen_Gas_Field_WorldClass_/1329822.html|title= Independent Audit Shows Turkmen Gas Field 'World-Class' |publisher=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty|author= Bruce Pannier |date=2008-10-14 |accessdate=2010-01-07}} 5. ^1 {{cite news|url= http://www.turkmenistan.ru/en/articles/15619.html|title= Turkmenistan's super-giant gas field renamed as "Galkynysh"|publisher= Turkmenistan.ru|date= 2011-11-20|accessdate=2013-03-25}} 6. ^{{cite news|url= https://www.reuters.com/article/2013/09/04/us-gas-turkmenistan-galkynysh-idUSBRE9830MN20130904|title= China asserts clout in Central Asia with huge Turkmen gas project| first = Marat| last = Gurt|publisher= Reuters|date= 2013-09-04|accessdate=2014-11-07}} 7. ^1 {{cite news|url= https://www.reuters.com/article/rbssOilGasExplorationProduction/idUSLV21594720081031?sp=true|title= Turkmen gas reserves audit to continue in 2009 -GCA|author= Olzhas Auyezov|publisher= Reuters|date= 2008-10-31|accessdate=2009-05-12}} 8. ^1 {{cite news|url= https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB122409510811337137|title= Turkmenistan Gas Field Is One of World's Largest|author= Guy Chazan|publisher= The Wall Street Journal|date= 2008-10-16|accessdate=2009-07-16}} 9. ^{{cite news|author=Daly, J.C.K|url=http://www.tehrantimes.com/index_View.asp?code=189709|title=Iran in Turkmen natural gas fields, U.S. and Russia left out|publisher=Tehran Times|date= 2009-02-21|accessdate=2009-07-16}} 10. ^1 {{cite news|url= http://en.trend.az/regions/casia/turkmenistan/1494593.html|title= Turkmenistan discovers large gas fields in east of country|publisher= Trend Capital|date= 2009-06-26|accessdate=2009-07-16}} 11. ^1 {{cite news|url= http://uk.reuters.com/article/idUKLDE5BS1CR20091229?sp=true|title= S.Korea, China, UAE win Turkmen gas deal - sources|author= Dmitry Sergeyev; Robin Paxton|publisher= Reuters|date= 2009-12-29|accessdate=2010-01-23}} 12. ^{{cite news|url= http://en.trend.az/capital/energy/2141253.html|title= Turkmenistan rapidly provides large Galkynysh gas field with necessary facilities|publisher= Trend Capital|date= 2013-04-19|accessdate=2013-04-25}} 2 : Natural gas fields in Turkmenistan|Energy in Central Asia |
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