| 词条 | China National Space Administration | |||||||||
| 释义 |
|name = China National Space Administration |image = CNSA logo 2.png |caption = |size = 280px |owner = Chinese Government |established = 22 April 1993 |spaceport = Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center Xichang Satellite Launch Center Wenchang Satellite Launch Center |acronym = CNSA |headquarters = Haidian District, Beijing |administrator = Zhang Kejian |URL = {{url|www.cnsa.gov.cn}} }}{{Chinese |s={{linktext|国家|航天|局}} |t={{linktext|國家|航天|局}} |p=Guójiā Hángtiān Jú |w=Kuo-chia hang-t'ien chü |l=National Astronautics Bureau |j=Gwok3 Gaa1 Hong4 Tin1 Guk6 |y=Gwok-gāa hòhng-tin guhk |mi={{IPAc-cmn|g|uo|2|j|ia|1|-|h|ang|2|t|ian|1|-|j|ü|2}} |ci={{IPA-yue|kʷɔ̄ːk.káːhɔ̏ːŋtʰīnkùːk|}} |order=st }} China National Space Administration (CNSA) is the national space agency of China. It is responsible for the national space program[1] and for planning and development of space activities. CNSA and China Aerospace Corporation (CASC) assumed the authority{{when|date=May 2018}} over space development efforts previously held by the Ministry of Aerospace Industry. It is a subordinate agency of the State Administration for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defence (SASTIND), itself a subordinate agency of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT). The headquarters are in Haidian District, Beijing. HistoryCNSA is an agency created in 1993 when the Ministry of Aerospace Industry was split into CNSA and the China Aerospace Corporation (CASC). The former was to be responsible for policy, while the latter was to be responsible for execution. This arrangement proved somewhat unsatisfactory, as these two agencies were, in effect, one large agency, sharing both personnel and management.[1] As part of a massive restructuring in 1998, CASC was split into a number of smaller state-owned companies. The intention appeared to have been to create a system similar to that characteristic of Western defense procurement in which entities which are government agencies, setting operational policy, would then contract out their operational requirements to entities which were government-owned, but not government-managed.[1] FunctionCNSA was established as a government institution to develop and fulfill China's due international obligations, with the approval by the Eighth National People's Congress of China (NPC). The Ninth NPC assigned CNSA as an internal structure of the Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense (COSTIND). CNSA assumes the following main responsibilities: signing governmental agreements in the space area on behalf of organizations, inter-governmental scientific and technical exchanges; and also being in charge of the enforcement of national space policies and managing the national space science, technology and industry. Up to now, China has signed governmental space cooperation agreements with Brazil, Chile, France, Germany, India, Italy, Pakistan, Russia, Ukraine, the United Kingdom, the United States, and some other countries. Significant achievements have been scored in the bilateral and multilateral and technology exchanges and cooperation.[1] Administrators of CNSA are appointed by the State Council. Taikonauts{{Main|List of Chinese astronauts}}As of 2013, eleven Chinese people have traveled to space (alphabetical order):
AdministratorsThe most recent administrator is Zhang Kejian. Wu Yanhua is vice-administrator and Tian Yulong is secretary general.[2]
DepartmentsThere are four departments under the CNSA:
CNSA logoCNSA's logo is a similar design to that of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation.[5] The arrow in the middle is similar to the Chinese character 人 which means 'human' or 'people', to state that humans are the center of all space exploration. The three concentric ellipses stand for three types of Escape Velocity (minimum speed needed to reach sustainable orbits, to escape the earth system, and to escape the solar system) which are milestones of space exploration. The second ring is drawn with a bold line, to state that China has passed the first stage of exploration (earth system) and is undergoing the second stage exploration (within the solar system). The 人 character stands above the three rings to emphasize humanity's capability to escape and explore. Olive branches were added to state that China's space exploration is peaceful in nature.{{Citation needed|date=January 2019}} Some have pointed out a resemblance to the Starfleet and United Federation of Planets logos from Star Trek, though it's not clear if this was intentional.[6] See also{{Portal|China|Spaceflight}}
References1. ^1 2 3 {{cite web |url=http://www.cnsa.gov.cn/n615709/n620681/n771918/index.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2008-03-09 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080228194440/http://www.cnsa.gov.cn/n615709/n620681/n771918/index.html |archivedate=28 February 2008 |df=dmy-all }} 2. ^1 Resume of Administrator 3. ^{{cite news |url=http://politics.people.com.cn/n/2015/0508/c1001-26969808.html |script-title=zh:陈求发任辽宁省代省长 |trans-title=Chen Qiufa appointed acting governor of Liaoning |language=Chinese |newspaper=People's Daily |date=2015-05-08}} 4. ^Dr. MA Xingrui was appointed as administrator of China National Space Administration {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923205103/http://www.cnsa.gov.cn/n360696/n361228/n361378/513487.html |date=23 September 2015 }} 5. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.spacechina.com/qywh_qysbxt_sjsbxt.shtml |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2009-05-14 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090627025632/http://www.spacechina.com/qywh_qysbxt_sjsbxt.shtml |archivedate=27 June 2009 |df=dmy-all }} 6. ^{{Cite web | url=http://www.giantfreakinrobot.com/sci/actual-chinese-national-space-administration-logo-starfleet-logo.html | title=The Actual Chinese National Space Administration Logo is Also the Starfleet Logo| date=2011-09-30}}{{Cite web | url=https://jacob1207.wordpress.com/2008/09/27/china-performs-space-walk-rips-off-star-trek/ | title=China performs space walk, rips off Star Trek| date=2008-09-27 }} External links
9 : 1993 establishments in China|China National Space Administration|Government agencies established in 1993|Organizations based in Beijing|Space agencies|Space program of the People's Republic of China|Government agencies of China|State Council of the People's Republic of China|Haidian District |
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