“Gaon (Hebrew)”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

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Gaon (Hebrew)

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Gaon (gā'ōn) ({{lang-he-n|גאון}}, {{lit|genius}}, plural {{hebrew|גְּאוֹנִים}} geonim — gĕ'ōnīm) may have originated as a shortened version of "Rosh Yeshivat Ge'on Ya'akov", though there are alternative explanations.^[1]^[2] In Ancient Hebrew, it referred to arrogance and haughty pride (Amos 6:8 - "I abhor the pride of Jacob and detest his fortresses; I will deliver up the city and everything in it.") and later became known as a general term for pride, both the positive and negative forms ('Pride [of]'; Late medieval and modern Hebrew for 'genius'). Today, it may refer to:

One of the Geonim, that is to say the heads of the two major academies, at Pumbedita and Sura, and later in Baghdad, during the period 589-1040. Prominent Geonim include:
- Sar Shalom
- Yehudai Gaon (Gaon 757–761)
- Natronai II, Gaon of Sura (Gaon to 857)
- Amram Gaon, Gaon of Sura (Gaon 857-875)
- Saadia Gaon (882/892 – 942)
- Zemah ben Hayyim (Gaon 889–895)
- Sherira Gaon (906–1006)
- Samuel ben Hofni (died 1034)
- Hai Gaon (939–1038)
An honorific title given to a few leading rabbis of other countries in the same period, such as:
- Nissim Gaon (990-1062)
Specific rabbis of later periods, called "gaon":
- The Vilna Gaon (1720–1797)
- The Rogatchover Gaon (1858–1936)
- The Steipler Gaon (1899–1985)

Many great Rabbis,^[3] though not formally referred to as the "Gaon of ..." are often lauded with this honorific as both a mark of respect and a means to indicate their greatness in the field of Torah learning.

References

1. ^{{cite encyclopedia | author = Jehoshua Brand , Simha Assaf and David Derovan | editor = Michael Berenbaum and Fred Skolnik | encyclopedia = Encyclopedia Judaica | title = Gaon | edition = 2nd | year = 2007 | publisher = Gale | volume = 7 | location = Farmington Hills, Michigan | page = 380 }}
2. ^[https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0007_0_07062.html Jewish Virtual Library — Gaon]
3. ^"ידיד נפשי המנוח הדגול, שייף עייל שייף נפיק, הגאון הגדול רבי יוסף קאפח זצ"ל." — Rabbi Ovadia Yosef in the Hebrew responsa book שו"ת הריב"ד קאפח, quoted in עלון אור ההליכות [https://web.archive.org/web/20140803160833/http://www.net-sah.org/files/OHH_Tamuz_htshst.pdf גליון חודש תמוז התשס"ט] (page 3).

2 : Hebrew language|Orthodox rabbinic roles and titles

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