“Chinese mountain cat”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The Chinese mountain cat (Felis bieti), also known as Chinese desert cat and Chinese steppe cat, is a wild cat endemic to western China that has been listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List since 2002, as the effective population size may be fewer than 10,000 mature breeding individuals.^[1]

It was provionally classified as a wildcat subspecies with the name F. silvestris bieti in 2007.^[3]

It is recognised as a valid species since 2017, as it is morphologically distinct from wildcats.^[4]

Characteristics

The Chinese mountain cat has sand-coloured fur with dark guard hairs. Faint dark horizontal stripes on the face and legs are hardly visible. Its ears have black tips. It has a relatively broad skull, and long hair growing between the pads of their feet. It is whitish on the belly, and its legs and tail bear black rings. The tip of the tail is black. It is {{convert|69|–|84|cm|abbr=on}} long in head and body with a {{convert|29|–|41|cm|abbr=on}} long tail. Adults weigh from {{convert|6.5|to|9|kg|lb}}.^[5]

Distribution and habitat

The Chinese mountain cat is endemic to China and lives on the north-eastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau. It was recorded only in eastern Qinghai and north-western Sichuan.^[6]

It inhabits high-elevation steppe grassland, alpine meadow, alpine shrubland and coniferous forest edges between {{convert|2500|and|5000|m|ft|abbr=on}} elevation. It has not been confirmed in true desert or heavily forested mountains.^[7]

The first photographs of a wild Chinese mountain cat were taken by camera traps during light snow in May 2007 at {{convert|3570|m|ft|abbr=on}} altitude in Sichuan. These photographs were taken in rolling grasslands and brush-covered mountains.^[8] One individual was observed and photographed in May 2015 in the Ruoergai grasslands.^[9] In 2018, employees of the Shanshui Conservation Center found a den of a female Chinese mountain cat and her two kittens in Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, and captured images and video of them over three days using a camera trap.^[10]

Ecology and behaviour

The Chinese mountain cat is active at night and preys on pikas, rodents and birds. It breeds between January and March. Females give birth to two to four kittens in a secluded burrow.^[7]

Until 2007, the Chinese mountain cat was known only from six individuals, all living in Chinese zoos, and a few skins in museums.^[8]

Threats

The Chinese mountain cat is threatened due to the organised poisoning of pikas. The poison used diminishes prey species and also kills cats unintentionally.^[6]

Conservation

Taxonomic history

Some authorities consider the chutuchta and vellerosa subspecies of the wildcat as Chinese mountain cat subspecies.^[2]

See also

References

1. ^¹²³{{Cite iucn |author=Riordan, P. |author2=Sanderson, J. |author3=Bao, W. |author4=Abdukadir, A. |author5=Shi, K. |title=Felis bieti |journal=The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |publisher=IUCN |volume=2015 |page=e.T8539A50651398 |date=2015 |url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/8539/50651398 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T8539A50651398.en |access-date=29 October 2018}}
2. ^¹{{MSW3 Wozencraft |pages=534 |id=14000030 |heading=Felis bieti}}
3. ^{{cite journal |author=Driscoll, C. A. |author2=Menotti-Raymond, M. |author3=Roca, A. L. |author4=Hupe, K. |author5=Johnson, W. E. |author6=Geffen, E. |author7=Harley, E. H. |author8= Delibes, M. |author9=Pontier, D. |author10=Kitchener, A. C. |author11=Yamaguchi, N. |author12=O’Brien, S. J. |author13=Macdonald, D. W. |year=2007 |title=The Near Eastern Origin of Cat Domestication |journal=Science |volume=317 |issue=5837 |pages=519–523 |doi=10.1126/science.1139518 |pmid=17600185 |url=http://www.mobot.org/plantscience/resbot/repr/add/domesticcat_driscoll2007.pdf |pmc=5612713}}
4. ^¹{{cite journal |author1=Kitchener, A. C. |author2=Breitenmoser-Würsten, C. |author3=Eizirik, E. |author4=Gentry, A. |author5=Werdelin, L. |author6=Wilting, A. |author7=Yamaguchi, N. |author8=Abramov, A. V. |author9=Christiansen, P. |author10=Driscoll, C. |author11=Duckworth, J. W. |author12=Johnson, W. |author13=Luo, S.-J. |author14=Meijaard, E. |author15=O’Donoghue, P. |author16=Sanderson, J. |author17=Seymour, K. |author18=Bruford, M. |author19=Groves, C. |author20=Hoffmann, M. |author21=Nowell, K. |author22=Timmons, Z. |author23=Tobe, S. |year=2017 |title=A revised taxonomy of the Felidae: The final report of the Cat Classification Task Force of the IUCN Cat Specialist Group |journal=Cat News |volume=Special Issue 11 |pages=15−16 |url=https://repository.si.edu/bitstream/handle/10088/32616/A_revised_Felidae_Taxonomy_CatNews.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y}}
5. ^{{cite book|author=Sunquist, M.|author2=Sunquist, F.|year=2002|title= Wild cats of the World |publisher=University of Chicago Press |location= Chicago |pages= 57–59|isbn= 978-0-226-77999-7}}
6. ^¹{{cite journal | author = He L., Garcia-Perea R., Li M., Wei F. | year = 2004 | title = Distribution and conservation status of the endemic Chinese mountain cat Felis bieti | url = | journal = Oryx | volume = 38 | issue = | pages = 55–61 | doi=10.1017/s0030605304000092}}
7. ^¹Liao Y. (1988). Some biological information of desert cat in Qinhai. Acta Theriologica Sinica 8: 128–131.
8. ^¹{{cite journal |authors=Yin Y., Drubgyal N., Achu, Lu Z., Sanderson J. |year=2007 |title=First photographs in nature of the Chinese mountain cat |journal=Cat News |issue=47 |pages=6–7}}
9. ^{{cite journal |authors=Francis, S., Muzika, Y. |year=2015 |title=Chinese Mountain Cat in the Ruoergai Grasslands |journal=Small Wild Cat Conservation News 1 (1) |url=http://www.smallcats.org/files/SWCCN_2015_01_01.pdf |page=II}}
10. ^{{cite web |url=https://birdingbeijing.com/2018/10/12/chinese-mountain-cat/ |title=Chinese Mountain Cat |date=12 October 2018 |publisher=Birding Beijing |author=ShanShui Conservation Center}}
11. ^Milne-Edwards, A. (1892). [https://archive.org/stream/bulletinbiologiq03univ#page/670/mode/2up Observations sur les mammifères du Thibet]. Revue générale des sciences pures et appliquées. Tome III: 670–671.