词条 | Chingford |
释义 |
|country = England |region = London |official_name = Chingford |constituency_westminster = Chingford and Woodford Green |post_town = LONDON |postcode_area = E |postcode_district = E4 |london_borough = Waltham Forest |dial_code = 020 |os_grid_reference = TQ395945 |coordinates = {{coord|51.631|0.016|display=inline,title}} |charingX_distance_mi = 10 |charingX_direction = SW |static_image_name = Chingford Mount (Old Church Road) Chingford - geograph.org.uk - 2638823.jpg |static_image_caption = Chingford Mount }}Chingford is a district in North East London, located in the London Borough of Waltham Forest [1] and is situated {{convert|10|mi|km}} northeast of Charing Cross. Historically a rural Essex parish, it gained urban district status in 1894, and between 1938 and 1965 formed the core of the Municipal Borough of Chingford. Chingford is close to the Essex border of Epping Forest District.[2][3] It borders Sewardstone to the north, Woodford Green and Buckhurst Hill to the east and Walthamstow to the south. To the west lie William Girling and King George V reservoirs, known together as the Chingford Reservoirs, and the River Lea. Across these, Chingford is linked with Ponders End through the A110 Lea Valley Road, whilst South Chingford is linked with Edmonton through the A406 Lea Valley Viaduct. To the north and east lies Epping Forest, the most part of which is in Essex but is maintained by the City of London Corporation.[4] ToponymyThe River Ching runs through the area, and the town of Chingford is close to a number of fords of that river. However, old maps and descriptions give a name for the settlement long before the river has a name and it is likely that the name of the river as "Ching" arose long after the settlement was named. The area of Chingford is referenced in the Doomsday book as "Cingefort" from 1066AD[5]. It is thought that, similarly to how Kingston upon Thames appears in Domesday Book of 1086AD as Chingestone and Chingetun(e), with ching being old English for king, that Chingford could refer to the King's river, and Kings Ford. This idea is compounded by links to royalty using the area for hunting in centuries gone by, with Queen Elizabeth's Hunting Lodge[6] still standing in North Chingford.[7] Furthermore, there is evidence of King Harold Harefoot having lived in Chingford and the environs in the 11th Century, a date which ties in with the Old English use of "Ching" for King. Another suggested explanation by place name genealogists is that the settlement's name has its origin as "Shingly Ford"—that is, a ford over a waterway containing shingles[8]. However, the genealogists assertion is likely to be incorrect, as the usage of the placename name "Cingefort" in the Doomsday book predates the coining of the word "Shingle." The earliest known usage of the Middle English word shingle is 1200AD and the word was not used to describe loose stones on a waterway until three centuries later in the 1500s.[9]. LandmarksOne notable local landmark is Queen Elizabeth's Hunting Lodge.[10] Originally called the Great Standing, it was built for King Henry VIII in 1543, and was used as a grandstand to watch the hunting of deer, although it has been heavily altered over time. The building is located on Chingford Plain within Epping Forest and is [https://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/things-to-do/green-spaces/epping-forest/visitor-information/Pages/queen-elizabeths-hunting-lodge.aspx open to the public]. The lodge is preserved under the Epping Forest Preservation Act.[11] Originally a barn built in the mid-19th century, Butler's Retreat, a Grade II listed building, is one of the few remaining Victorian retreats within the forest. The building is adjacent to the Queen Elizabeth's Hunting Lodge and takes its name from the 1891 occupier John Butler. Retreats originally served non-alcoholic refreshments as part of the Temperance movement. After closing in 2009 the building was refurbished by the City of London Corporation and re-opened as a cafe in 2012.[12] All Saints' Church in Chingford Mount (known locally as the Old Church) dates back to the 12th century. Directly opposite the church is Chingford Mount Cemetery, best known today as the burial place of the Kray family.[13]Friday Hill House, Simmons Lane, off Friday Hill, dating from 1839, was a manor house built and owned by Robert Boothby Heathcote, who was both the lord of the manor and rector of the local church. It was he who paid for the building of the church of St Peter and St Paul in Chingford. He is buried in the Boothby family vault in All Saints' Churchyard (Chingford Old Church), Old Church Road. The vault was purchased by Robert Boothby (died 1733), who lived in the previous manor house. The present building has been used as a further education centre, but was put up for sale in 2012.[13][14]Pimp Hall Dovecote is situated in a green area at the bottom of Friday Hill and can be viewed by entering the Pimp Hall Nature Reserve. The dovecote, which had nesting space for 250 birds, belonged to Pimp Hall (originally Pympe's Hall), one of three manor houses around Chingford. In 1838 the estate was taken over and became part of the Chingford Earls estate. The farmhouse associated with it survived until just before World War II. This dovecote is depicted in the Millennium Heritage Mosaic on the front of Chingford Assembly Hall. It is the fourth item down on the left-hand-side of the mosaic, also see the Key. There is a local legend telling how on one occasion Charles II was out hunting in Epping Forest and was caught in a snowstorm. He took shelter in Pimp Hall and was so delighted with the food offered him that he jocularly drew his sword and knighted the joint of beef declaring that it was now Sir Loin. Either this story caused the nearby pub on Friday Hill to be called "The Sirloin" or vice versa.{{Citation needed|date=December 2011}} A granite obelisk at Pole Hill was erected in 1824 under the direction of the Astronomer Royal, the Rev. John Pond M.A., to mark true north for the telescopes of the Royal Observatory at Greenwich, south of the Thames. It was placed on high ground along the line of the Greenwich Meridian, but when this was recalibrated later in the 19th century, the obelisk was deemed to have been erected {{convert|19|ft|m}} west of the revised meridian line. Today, an adjoining triangulation pillar marks the modern line.{{Citation needed|date=December 2011}} Chingford Old Town Hall, dating from 1929, is on The Ridgeway in Chingford. It has more recently been known as the Chingford Municipal Offices. The site has been sold to property developers and the town hall building subsequently put up for sale itself.[15][16]GovernanceChingford is within the Chingford and Woodford Green UK Parliament constituency, which consists of the six Chingford wards in the Borough of Waltham Forest and two wards in the Borough of Redbridge. Iain Duncan Smith has been the sitting MP since 1992.[17] Former MPs include Norman Tebbit, Leah Manning, Stan Newens, and Winston Churchill (when Chingford was in the Epping constituency).{{Citation needed|date=December 2011}} Chingford is part of the London Borough of Waltham Forest, which also includes the east London districts of Walthamstow, Leyton, and Leytonstone. Chingford consists of six council wards, namely:
Each ward is represented by three councillors; at present all of the councillors represent the Conservative Party except for two Labour ones in Valley and Hale End and Highams Park. The London Borough of Waltham Forest is presently controlled by the Labour party.{{Citation needed|date=December 2011}} Chingford falls within the North East constituency of the London Assembly, which is currently represented by Jennette Arnold of the Labour party.{{Citation needed|date=December 2011}} When Chingford was a municipal borough, before 1965, its politics were dominated by the Chingford Ratepayers' Association, which was nominally independent, but against whom the Conservative Party did not field candidates.{{Citation needed|date=December 2011}} DemographyAs of the 2011 census, 86% of the population of Chingford Green ward, which covers the north of the area, was white (77% British, 7% Other, 2% Irish).[18] Endlebury ward, covering southern areas and Chingford Mount, was 78% white (68% British, 8% Other, 2% Irish). 7% was black (3% African, 3% Caribbean, 1% Other).[19] HousingThe location of one of the interwar London County Council cottage estates. {{LCC cottage estates}}Local sport teams
Local districts
Nearest places
TransportChingford is served by Chingford railway station which is the terminus of a branch line from Liverpool Street station in the City of London. There is also a station at Highams Park. Chingford lost its rail link to Stratford with the removal of the 500 m length of track known as the Hall Farm Curve in 1970, and there have been campaigns for its reinstatement. Bus routes link Chingford to Walthamstow, Loughton, Leytonstone, Stratford, Ilford, Potters Bar and Harlow. The town is also served by the N26 night bus from Trafalgar Square. Nearby London Overground stations
Nearby rail stations
Nearby London Underground stations
Bus Routes
Education{{Further|List of schools in Waltham Forest}}Chingford secondary schools include:
Notable people{{Refimprove section|date=August 2015}}
References1. ^{{cite web |title=London's Places |url=http://www.london.gov.uk/sites/default/files/LP2011%20Chapter%202.pdf |publisher=Greater London Authority |accessdate=24 October 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906090756/http://www.london.gov.uk/sites/default/files/LP2011%20Chapter%202.pdf |archivedate=6 September 2015 |df=dmy }} 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/place/place_page.jsp?p_id=1066|title=History of Chingford, in Waltham Forest and Essex|publisher=University Of Portsmouth and others |year=2009 |accessdate=23 June 2012}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=42713|title=The parish and borough of Chingford|publisher=University of London & History of Parliament Trust|year=2012|accessdate=23 June 2012}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/Corporation/LGNL_Services/Environment_and_planning/Parks_and_open_spaces/Epping_Forest/ |title=Epping Forest |publisher=cityoflondon.gov.uk 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|df=dmy-all }} 7. ^cityoflondon.gov.uk 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://exploringeastlondon.co.uk/eel/Chingford/Chingford.htm |title=Chingford's Free Art and History |publisher=exploringeastlondon.co.uk |accessdate=16 January 2012}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=shingle |title=Etymology of the word Shingle |publisher=Etymology Online |accessdate=7 September 2017}} 10. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/Corporation/LGNL_Services/Leisure_and_culture/Local_history_and_heritage/Buildings_outside_the_City/hunting_lodge.htm |title=Queen Elizabeth's Hunting Lodge |publisher=Cityoflondon.gov.uk |date=16 December 2010 |accessdate=14 December 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110612205426/http://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/Corporation/LGNL_Services/Leisure_and_culture/Local_history_and_heritage/Buildings_outside_the_City/hunting_lodge.htm |archivedate=12 June 2011 |df=dmy-all }} 11. ^{{cite EB1911|wstitle=Chingford|volume=6|page=233}} 12. ^[https://web.archive.org/web/20120831110048/http://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/things-to-do/green-spaces/epping-forest/news/Documents/Forest%20Focus%20Autumn%202011.pdf City of London- Butler's Retreat] Retrieved 25 February 2013 13. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.walthamforest.gov.uk/Pages/ServiceChild/Friday-Hill-House-disposal.aspx |title=Waltham Forest Council, Friday Hill House Disposal |accessdate=19 November 2016 |deadurl=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/69YDqacFe?url=http://www.walthamforest.gov.uk/Pages/ServiceChild/Friday-Hill-House-disposal.aspx |archivedate=30 July 2012 |df=dmy-all }} 14. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.walthamforest.gov.uk/Documents/fhh_sale_particulars_r1.pdf |title=Waltham Forest Council, Friday Hill House Sale Particulars |accessdate=19 November 2016 |deadurl=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/69YEDWEqt?url=http://www.walthamforest.gov.uk/Documents/fhh_sale_particulars_r1.pdf |archivedate=30 July 2012 |df=dmy-all }} 15. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.walthamforest.gov.uk/index/business/business-property/chingford-municipal-offices-disposal.htm |title=Waltham Forest Council, Chingford Municipal Offices disposal |accessdate=19 November 2016 |deadurl=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/62fMi2Q0A?url=http://www.walthamforest.gov.uk/index/business/business-property/chingford-municipal-offices-disposal.htm |archivedate=24 October 2011 |df=dmy-all }} 16. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.gilmartinley.co.uk/getfile.aspx?a=21192&f=&e=&t= |title=Gilmartin Ley, The Old Town Hall, Chingford, London, E4 |accessdate=14 September 2017 |deadurl=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/69ZJEioGe?url=http://www.gilmartinley.co.uk/getfile.aspx?a=21192&f=&e=&t= |archivedate=31 July 2012 |df=dmy-all }} 17. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.parliament.uk/biographies/commons/mr-iain-duncan-smith/152|title=Rt Hon Iain Duncan Smith MP|publisher=UK Parliament}} 18. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ukcensusdata.com/chingford-green-e05000593|title=Chingford Green |publisher=UK Census Data |year=2011}} 19. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ukcensusdata.com/endlebury-e05000594|title=Endlebury |publisher=UK Census Data |year=2011}} 20. ^Egbertian FC {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110208011451/http://egbertianfc.com/ |date=8 February 2011 }} Retrieved 27 February 2013 21. ^{{cite web|url=http://volunteerteam.london.gov.uk/organizations/index.php?org_id=312|title=Team London - Ridgeway Rovers Football Club|publisher=volunteerteam.london.gov.uk}} 22. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.chingfordrugby.co.uk/ |title=Home | Chingford Rugby Club |publisher=Chingfordrugby.co.uk |date=10 December 2011 |accessdate=14 December 2011}} 23. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.chingfordcricketclub.co.uk/history/default.aspx|title=Chingford Cricket Club : history|publisher=www.chingfordcricketclub.co.uk|access-date=24 March 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714221345/http://www.chingfordcricketclub.co.uk/history/default.aspx|archive-date=14 July 2014|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}} 24. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.essexcricket.com|title=The Shepherd Neame Essex League|publisher=Essex Cricket}} 25. ^King George Sailing Club Retrieved 27 February 2013 26. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-30367;jsessionid=BF75C1C56F611D3FF8AE17758B1B7530|title=Blake, Dame Louisa Brandreth Aldrich- (1865–1925), surgeon|last=|first=|date=23 September 2004|website=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography|language=en|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/30367|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=16 February 2019}} 27. ^1 {{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/953409.stm |accessdate=10 May 2009 |title=Kray funeral date set |date=3 October 2000 |publisher=BBC News}} 28. ^{{cite news |title=BBC Radio 4 - Desert Island Discs, David Beckham |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b08bz0rz |accessdate=16 March 2019 |work=Desert Island Discs |date=3 February 2017}} 29. ^{{cite news | title=Beckham - Working-class boy to Man U | url=http://articles.latimes.com/2007/jul/09/sports/sp-beckham9 | newspaper=Los Angeles Times | date=9 July 2007 | accessdate=9 September 2008 | first=Chuck | last=Culpepper}} 30. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.wmagazine.com/celebrities/2007/08/beckhams_steven_klein?currentPage=2|title=American Idols|publisher=W magazine|date=1 August 2007|accessdate=24 February 2009|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090214155704/http://www.wmagazine.com/celebrities/2007/08/beckhams_steven_klein?currentPage=2|archivedate=14 February 2009|df=dmy-all}} 31. ^Beckham at Ridgeway Rovers Retrieved 27 February 2013 32. ^The FA - Becks' Brimsdown boost, article from Friday, 24 September 2004 {{webarchive|url=https://archive.is/20041011163715/http://www.thefa.com/TheFACup/TheFAVase/NewsAndFeatures/Postings/2004/09/BecksBrimsdownBoost.htm |date=11 October 2004 }}, accessed 7 July 2007 33. ^{{cite news |last=Macadam |first=Harry |title=Chingford boy is Mr Ive-pod |newspaper=The Sun |date=11 January 2007 |url=http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/news/article7632.ece |accessdate=10 May 2009}} 34. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.mouseprice.com/area-guide/E4/Waltham%20Forest |accessdate=10 May 2009 |title=E4 (Waltham Forest) area guide}} 35. ^{{cite book |title=Kenzie: My Life |isbn=0-00-721149-X |publisher=HarperCollins Entertainment |date=9 April 2005 |first=James |last=MacKenzie |authorlink=Kenzie}} 36. ^{{cite news |title=Ex-pupil Phillips opens old school |url=http://www.guardian-series.co.uk/news/1502804.expupil_phillips_opens_old_school/ |publisher=Waltham Forest Guardian |date=27 June 2007 |last=Moyes |first=Johnathon |accessdate=10 May 2009 }} 37. ^{{cite news |title=On the move: Alan Davies |date=11 July 2008 |first=Garth |last=Pearce |newspaper=The Sunday Times |url=http://women.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/women/celebrity/article4396137.ece |accessdate=10 May 2009 | location=London}} 38. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.facebook.com/pages/Russell-Lissack/29780389075 |title=Russel Lissacks' Facebook page |accessdate=10 May 2009}} 39. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.blocparty.net/wiki/index.php?title=Russell_Lissack |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070209223151/http://www.blocparty.net/wiki/index.php?title=Russell_Lissack |dead-url=yes |archive-date=9 February 2007 |title=Russell Lissack - Made Of Facts |accessdate=10 May 2009 }} 40. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.leighrayment.com/commons/Ecommons2.htm |title=List of MPs}} 41. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.englandfootballonline.com/TeamPlyrsBios/PlayersA/BioAlcockCW.html |title=England Football Online}} 42. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.metal-archives.com/more.php?id=25 |title=Metal-archives.com |publisher=Metal-archives.com |date= |accessdate=14 December 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100818040637/http://www.metal-archives.com/more.php?id=25 |archivedate=18 August 2010 |df=dmy-all }} 43. ^{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4VNjLMkPcUQC&pg=PA15&dq=michael+nyman+stratford&hl=en&sa=X&ei=GozzT-LVOOep0QXh6PHABw&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=michael+nyman+stratford&f=false|title=The Music of Michael Nyman: Texts, Contexts and Intertexts|first=Pwyll ap|last=Siôn|date=10 June 2017|publisher=Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.|via=Google Books}} External links
5 : Chingford|Areas of London|Cricket in Essex|Districts of the London Borough of Waltham Forest|English cricket venues in the 18th century |
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